• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Applied Pharmacology
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• 1998.11a
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• pp.198-198
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• 1998

Muc1 mucin is found in a variety of epithelial tissue and is overexpressed in several epithelial cancer. Recently it is alsol reported that primary Hamster tracheal surface epithelial(HTSE) cells express Muc1 protein and cDNA encoding HTSE muc1 protein has been cloned. Although numerous monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) to human muncins, particularly Muc1 have been produced, no such antibodies to murine Muc1 have been described. We now describe monoclonal antibody, called mAb M1CT, produced to C-terminal region of HTSE Muc1 protein by immunising mice with a glutathion-s-transferase linked fusion protein. In this study, using this antibody(mAb M1CT) we investigated the effect of RA on the expression of Muc1 in HTSE cells. Retinoic acid(RA) plays an essential role in maintaining normal differentiation of tracheal epithelial cells. With RA-deficiency tracheocytes undergo squamous metaplasia, an abnormal differentiation that can be reversed by RA. We had primary culture of HTSE cells under different concentrations of RA. Culture was maintained until the direction of differentiation was determined. Then Western blot analysis with mAb M1CT was performed with the cell lysates from the culture. The expression of Muc1 protein was decreased in dose-dependent manner as the concentration of retinoic acid was decreased. Our result indicates that the expression of Muc1 protein is coordinately regulated with airway mucous cell differentiation by RA pathway. And the antibody, mAb M1CT, produced in this study should provide useful tool to study the expression of Muc1 mucin in differentiation process or disease.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.18 no.11
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• pp.1634-1641
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• 2005

Generally, dietary fibre (DF) includes lignin, non-starch polysaccharides (NSP) and resistant starch (RS). In monogastric species, low levels of dietary fibre in the diet are associated with various diseases and high levels reduce nutrient digestibilities. In this study, the effects of different types and levels of NSP (soluble: $\beta$-glucan, insoluble cellulose) and resistant starch on mucin secretion and endogenous nitrogen and amino acid losses in pigs were investigated. A total of 25 five-week-old weaner pigs (9.5 kg${\pm}$1.5 kg), were randomly allocated to each of five experimental diets. Different levels of purified barley $\beta$-glucan (BG) extract (5 or 10% of $Glucagel^{(R)}$ $\beta$-glucan, providing 4 or 8% of BG in the diet), and resistant starch (RS) (8.3 or 16.6% of Hi-$Maize^{TM}$, providing 5 or 10% RS in the diet) were substituted for wheat starch in a purified diet in which enzymatically-hydrolysed casein was the sole source of protein. The diets were fed for 21 days. No statistically significant difference between treatments (p>0.05) was observed for growth performance and organs weights. No difference in ileal starch digestibility was observed between pigs on the cellulose or $\beta$-glucan diets. However, as the level of resistant starch in the diet increased the ileal starch digestibility decreased (p<0.05). The inclusion of resistant starch in the diet (5 or 10%) did not increase mucin production when compared with the cellulose-only diet. However, as the level of beta-glucan in the diet increased, both crude mucin in the digesta dry matter and per kg dry matter intake increased (p<0.05). Pigs fed the diet containing 8% of beta-glucan had higher endogenous loss flow than those fed the diets including 5 or 10% of resistant starch or 4% of $\beta$-glucan. In conclusion, dietary inclusion of resistant starch increased the level of starch reaching the large intestine without any effect on mucin secretion, or endogenous nitrogen or amino acid losses content in the small intestine. The addition of $\beta$-glucan to a diet containing cellulose increases both mucin secretion and endogenous amino acid and nitrogen losses in the small intestine.

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.22 no.6
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• pp.1500-1508
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• 2008

The author investigated whether Chwiyeon-tang(PC), Haengso-tang(PH), Jawanchihyo-san(PJ) and Gamisocheongryong-tang(PS) significantly affect both PMA-induced mucin production and MUC5AC gene expression in airway epithelial cells and sulfur-dioxide-induced airway goblet cell hyperplasia and mucus hypersecretion animal model using rat. Possible cytotoxicity of each herbal medicine was assessed by measuring the survival and proliferation rate of NCI-H292 cells. Confluent NCI-H292 cells were pretreated for 30 min in the presence of PC, PH, PJ and PS, respectively, and treated with PMA(10 $ng/m{\ell}$), to assess the effect of each herbal medicine on PMA-induced mucin production by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA). Effects of each herbal medicine on PMA-induced MUC5AC gene expression from the same cells were investigated. Also, hypersecretion of airway mucus and goblet cell hyperplasia were induced by exposure of rats to $SO_2$ during 3 weeks. Effects of orally-administered PC, PH, PJ and PS during 1 week on intraepithelial mucosubstances and hyperplasia of goblet cells were examined using histological analysis after staining the epithelial tissue with PAS-alcian blue. (1) PC, PJ, PS and PH did not show significant effects on the survival and proliferation of NCI-H292 cells ; (2) PC, PJ and PS significantly decreased PMA-induced mucin production from NCI-H292 cells ; (3) PC, PJ and PS significantly inhibit the expression levels of PMA-induced MUC5AC gene in NCI-H292 cells ; (4) Among PC, PJ, PS and PH, only PS decreased $SO_2$-induced hyperplasia of airway goblet cells and intraepithelial mucosubstances. This result suggests that PC, PJ and PS can not only affect the production of mucin but also affect the expression of mucin gene and this can explain, at least in part, the traditional use of PC, PJ and PS for controlling airway diseases showing hypersecretion of mucus in oriental medicine.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.13 no.5
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• pp.731-737
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• 2003

Mucinase complex from V. parahaemolyticus ATCC 17802 was purified 6-fold with 0.4% yield by two sequential steps of Q-Sepharose and Superdex 200HR column chromatographies. Partially purified mucinase complex showed at least 8 times higher mucin-degrading activity than the culture filtrates. The mucinase complex also showed gelatin-and-casein-hydrolyzing activities, which demonstrates that the protein is a complex compound containing several proteases. The optimum pH and temperature of partially purified mucinase complex for mucin degradation was 8.0 and $35^{\circ}C$, respectively. The partially purified mucinase complex showed high cytotoxic activity on vero cells when examined by MTT assay and microscopic observations. Cytotoxicity was significantly increased in proportion to the concentration of the mucinase complex. Mouse experiments revealed that the jejunum, ileum. and large intestinal tissues were damaged by the injection of the mucinase complex. In particular, the reduction of the goblet cells in the large intestine was remarkable. Collectively, these data suggest that the mucinase complex partially purified from V. parahaemolyticus ATCC 17802 contributes to the adhesion and invasion of V. parahaemolyticus into the host intestinal tract.

• Proceedings of the Korean Environmental Sciences Society Conference
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• 2020.10a
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• pp.220-220
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• 2020

Astaxanthin, a natural carotenoid component of shrimp, has been used as a food additive for the treatment of various diseases, but a functional role of Astaxanthin Nanosphere (AN) in the regulation of intestinal mucin (Muc) 2 production during bacterial infection has not described yet. In this study, we have investigated the effect of AN prepared from astaxanthin during Muc2 repression elicited by the Gram-negative bacterium V. vulnificus in human gastrointestinal epithelial (HT-29) cells. AN significantly inhibited the level of ROS production and PKC activation in recombinant protein (r) VvpE-stimulated HT-29 cells. Moreover, AN inhibited the PKC-mediated phosphorylation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase and nuclear factor-kappa B responsible for region-specific hypermethylation in the Muc2 promoter in rVvpE-treated HT-29 cells. In the mouse models of V. vulnificus infection, treatment with AN maintained the level of Muc2 expression in the intestine. On the basis of these results, we suggest that AN blocks the hypermethylation of the Muc2 promoter to restore the level of Muc2 production in HT-29 cells infected with V. vulnificus.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.127-131
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• 2013

Trastuzumab is the first molecular targeting drug to increase the overall survival rate in advanced gastric cancer. However, it has also been found that a high intrinsic or primary trastuzumab resistance exists in some proportion of gastric cancer patients. In order to explore the mechanism of resistance to trastuzumab, firstly we investigated the expression of MUC1 (membrane-type mucin 1) in gastric cancer cells and its relationship with drug-resistance. Then using gene-silencing, we transfected a siRNA of MUC1 into drug-resistant cells. The results showed the MKN45 gastric cell line to be resistant to trastuzumab, mRNA and protein expression of MUC1 being significantly upregulated. After transfection of MUC1 siRNA, protein expression of MUC1 in MKN45cells was significantly reduced. Compared with the junk transfection and blank control groups, the sensitivity to trastuzumab under MUC1 siRNA conditions was significantly increased. These results imply that HER2-positive gastric cancer cell MKN45 is resistant to trastuzumab and this resistance can be cancelled by silencing expression of the MUC1 gene.

• BMB Reports
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• v.54 no.8
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• pp.425-430
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• 2021

Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) induces coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and may increase the risk of adverse outcomes in lung cancer patients. In this study, we investigated the expression and function of mucin 1 (MUC1) after SARS-CoV-2 infection in the lung epithelial cancer cell line Calu-3. MUC1 is a major constituent of the mucus layer in the respiratory tract and contributes to pathogen defense. SARS-CoV-2 infection induced MUC1 C-terminal subunit (MUC1-C) expression in a STAT3 activation-dependent manner. Inhibition of MUC1-C signaling increased apoptosis-related protein levels and reduced proliferation-related protein levels; however, SARS-CoV-2 replication was not affected. Together, these results suggest that increased MUC1-C expression in response to SARS-CoV-2 infection may trigger the growth of lung cancer cells, and COVID-19 may be a risk factor for lung cancer patients.

• Journal of Oral Medicine and Pain
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.19-28
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• 1995

타액은 구강 환경을 조절하는 여러 가지 유기질과 무기질의 혼합물로 구성되어 있다. 구강 점막은 여러 타액 점액 단백질과 타액 항세균 단백질에 의해서 윤활이 되며 보호된다.타액의 다른 작용은 구강 점막을 축축하게 하고 음식을 부드럽게 한다. 구강건조증은 세균의 침착을 야기시키거나 점막면을 거칠게 하여 출혈이 되기 쉽게 하며 이로 인해 감염이 야기될 수 있다. 이러한 타액의 보호 작용은 mucin, fibronectins, proline-rich glycoproteins, histidine-rich proteins, $\alpha$-amylase, s-IgA 같은 특별한 타액 당단백질에 기인한다고 하는 것이 지난 30년 동안에 알려져 있다. 이러한 분자들의 구조, 구조와 기능사이의 관계, 타액 내 이러한 물질들의 농도에 관한 것들이 알려지고 있는 중이다. 이러한 타액 당단백질 특히 mucin, fibronectin, fucose-rich protein과 s-IgA의 구조와 기능에 대한 현재의 견해들을 이 논문에서 요약하고자 한다.

• Journal of Oral Medicine and Pain
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• v.24 no.2
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• pp.125-135
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• 1999

This study was performed to discover the underlining influences of Herpes Simplex virus (HSV) and Varicella Zoster virus (VZV), to detect the changes of whole protein and mucin level and to observe protein profiles in the saliva when recurrent aphthous ulcer (RAU) was present. Unstimulated whole saliva was collected from 23 patients who for over three years had a clinical history of RAU, in a group of 10 women and 13 men, ranging from 11 to 72 years of age, and 20 healthy subjects, in a group of 8 women and 12 men, who did not have the symptoms nor a past history of RAU. Through the means of Polymerization Chain Reaction, genomic DNA from the HSV and VZV was purified from the saliva samples for identifying precisely the two types of viruses, and the level of whole protein and sialic acids in the saliva and the ratio of sialic acid to whole protein were measured, and SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis was performed. The results obtained were as follows ; 1. 39.13% of patients showed 224 bp bands of VZV DNA, those were appeared more in patients than in control group (p<0.01), but there was no significant difference between patients and control group in HSV DNA (p>0.05). 2. The concentration of whole protein in men patients was lower than in men control group (p<0.05), but there were no significant differences between patients and control in other groups (p>0.05). 3. The concentration of sialic acids from patients was lower than control group in all groups (p<0.05). 4. The concentration of sialic acids in proportion to that of whole protein was lower in patients than in control group (p<0.05), and in the two women groups (p<0.01), but no noticeable difference was found between the two men groups (p>0.05). 5. There were no consistent differences observed in the protein profiles of patients with control group except that certain protein bands near 50 kDa was lower in patients than in control group. These results suggest that viruses such as HSV and VZV and reduction of salivary whole protein and mucin levels are related to development of RAU.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.14 no.6
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• pp.3897-3901
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• 2013

Background: Optimal treatment for prostate cancer remains a challenge worldwide. Recently, T cell immunoglobulin mucin-3 (TIM-3) has been implicated in tumor biology but its contribution prostate cancer remains unclear. The aim of this study was to investigate the role of TIM-3 as a prognostic marker in patients with prostate cancer. Methods: TIM-3 protein expression was determined by immunohistochemistry and Western blotting in 137 prostate cancer tumor samples and paired adjacent benign tissue. We also performed cell proliferation assays using 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2yl)-2,5-diphenyl- 2H tetrazolium bromide (MTT) and cell invasion assays. The effects of small interfering RNA (siRNA)-mediated knockdown of TIM-3 (TIM-3 siRNA) in two human prostate cancer cell lines were also evaluated. Results: TIM-3 expression was higher in prostate cancer tissue than in the adjacent benign tissue (P<0.001). High TIM-3 expression was an independent predictor of both recurrence-free survival and progression-free survival. TIM-3 protein was expressed in both prostate cancer cell lines and knockdown suppressed their proliferation and invasion capacity. Conclusions: TIM-3 expression is associated with a poor prognosis in prostate cancer. Taken together, our resutlts indicate that TIM-3 is a potential prognostic marker in prostate cancer.