• Preventive Nutrition and Food Science
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• 제14권4호
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• pp.335-342
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• 2009

Bioactive compounds were produced from carrot pomace by solid-state fermentation using Bacillus subtilis HA and Leuconostoc mesenteroides. The carrot pomace (CP) fermented by B. subtilis HA with 3% monosodium glutamate (MSG) showed higher production of various bioactive compounds, with 1.64 Pa·sn of consistency, 2.31% of mucilage content, 16.95 unit/g of fibrinolytic enzyme activity, 35.3 unit/g of proteolytic activity and 37.5 mg% of tyrosine content. The mucilage production was greatly dependent upon the concentration of MSG added. Most MSG added in CP was converted into mucilage (2.3%) including 0.83% poly-$gamma$-glutamic acid (PGA) with 1,505 kDa of molecular weight. The CP fermented secondly by Leuc. mesenteroides showed acidic pH and lower consistency. However, the fibrinolytic and proteolytic activities were increased. The secondly fermented CP showed the viable cell counts with $2.5{\time}108$ CFU/g of B. subtilis HA and $3.7{\time}109$ CFU/g of Leuc. mesenteroides, respectively. The freeze-dried fermented CP showed 2.88 Pa·sn of consistency, 24% of mucilage content and 104.9 unit/g of fibrinolytic enzyme activity, respectively. Also, the powder of fermented CP indicated viable cell counts of $8.0{\time}107$ CFU/g of B. subtilis and $4.0{\time}108$ CFU/g of Leuc. mesenteroides. Therefore, the fermented CP that was fortified with dietary fibers, fibrinolytic enzyme and probiotics could be utilized as valuable ingredients of functional foods in food or cosmetic industries.

• Food Science and Biotechnology
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• 제15권5호
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• pp.704-709
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• 2006

The mucilage production and tyrosine content in soy milk cake (SMC) fermented by Bacillus firmus NA-1, Bacillus subtilis GT-D, and B. subtilis KU-A was improved by fortification with 10% defatted soybean flour. The fibrinolytic activity and consistency of the SMC were drastically increased by solid-state fermentation for 1 day. However, the consistency of the fermented SMC gradually decreased during fermentation for 3 days. Furthermore, the tyrosine content of the freeze-dried powder of SMC fermented by three Bacillus sp. was 9 times higher than that of unfermented SMC. The soybean proteins, including the 7S and 11S subunits, were partially digested during alkaline fermentation, producing lower molecular-weight peptides. The fibrinolytic enzyme produced in SMC fermented by B. firmus NA-l and B. subtilis KU-A exhibited higher thermal stability than that of B. subtilis GT-D fermentation. The powder obtained from B. subtilis GT-D fermentation had an ${\alpha}$-amylase activity and lower consistency compared to those of B. firmus NA-1 and B. subtilis KU-A. In addition, this powder contained 6.3% moisture content, 27% crude protein content and 9 units of fibrinolytic activity and proteolytic activity.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제35권1호
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• pp.115-120
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• 2006

일본 청국장에서 분리된 Bacillus firmus NA-1과 재래청국장에서 분리 한 Bacillus subtilis GT-D를 이용하여 전지활성 생 대두미세분말(MFS)첨가 및 발효시간에 따른 비지 발효물의 혈전용해효소, 가수분해효소, 점질물, 펩타이드 생산 및 풍미개선 효과를 알아보았다. $84\%$의 수분함량을 포함하는 비지에 대두미세분말을 10, 15, $20\%$ 첨가함으로써 78, 74, $70\%$로 수분함량을 감소시킬 수 있으며, 발효시간이 경과할수록 tyrosine함량이 증가하였으며, B. firmus NA-1 균주보다는 B. subtilis GT-D 균주를 사용하는 경우에 높은 값을 보였다. 발효비지의 점조도는 B. firmus NA-1 균주를 이용한 발효물이 높은 값을 보였으며, 두 균주 모두 MFS $20\%$를 첨가한 후 26시간 발효한 발효물에서 2.18, $0.35\;Pa{\cdot}s^n$로 가장 높은 점조도 값을 나타내었다. 혈전용해효소 역시 B. firmus NA-1 균주를 이용한 비지 청국장에서 $10\%$ 이상의 높은 활성을 보였으며, 발효 22시간까지 증가하다가 26시간 부터는 큰 변화가 없거나 감소하는 경향을 보였다. 따라서 $20\%$의 MFS를 첨가한 후 $42^{\circ}C$에서 22시간 동안 발효하는 것이 발효취 생성을 최소화하는 조건이라 사료되었다. 비지청국장의 동결건조는 청국장 냄새 및 수분함량을 $6\%$ 수준으로 줄일 수 있었으며, 혈전용해효소의 활성을 포함하였다. B. firmus NA-1 균주를 이용한 시료에서는 615 unit/g의 가장 높은 protease의 활성을 보였으며, B. subtilis GT-D 균주를 이용한 시료에서는 $1903\;mg\%$의 tyrosine 함량 및 180 unit/g의 a-amylase의 활성을 나타내었다.