• Cartoon and Animation Studies
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• s.41
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• pp.1-29
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• 2015

This paper aims at studying how to express and be used the characteristics of New age consciousness in the popular culture. New age consciousness is used interchangeably with new age movement. The philosophy of new age is based on humanism, which the infinite potential power of human can change the human himself and the earth forward to be shown the new age of peace, hope and love in an instant. This consciousness is based on the Western secret art and Eastern consciousness against the Christianity and has begun to develop in the alternative religion influenced by Postmodernism and Counterculture movement on 1970's which is against the corruption of American society on 1960's. However, new age consciousness has tried to change to a social movement for the culture, the peace, the happiness of mankind and the healing society rather than a religion idea because of the limitation of the theory itself. Nevertheless, the new age culture contains the characteristics of the religion, and the characteristics has been easily borrowed to the mess media and infiltrated to us. In a broad sense, the religion includes both own religion beliefs and behavior and the social movements and tendencies about the established religion which pursues the holy and the highest value. The religion is valued as a complex culture phenomenon, which the religion presents the right direction and the meaning of life as well as contributes to the maintenance of social order and the social unification. For this reason, the religion and the culture have a deep relationship between mess media and needs to be captured and listen to religious longing lurking deep within the human consciousness in order to give the audience impressed and fun. In the study, the characteristics of New age such as reincarnation, illusion, meditation, monism and pantheism is analyzed for what affects students studying mess media and the popular culture. And then the study is analyzed the characteristics of new age consciousness in the animation through 'Avatar'. This study shed new light on the influence of religion which is ideological identity of popular culture, and I expect to be a little help to have the insight to examine the mess media with a various angles.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.34 no.5
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• pp.644-651
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• 2005

Dietary supplement mainly made of herb and fiber was examined whether it could reduce body weight and fat, modify blood lipid concentrations and bowel habits in 30 collegians without intentional diet restriction or lifestyle change for 5 weeks. Free-living subjects were required to take diet pills 2 times daily 30 minutes before meals. Before the study began, 24 hr recall diet record and the questionnaires had been collected. Anthropometric measurements (height, weight, waist and hip circumferences, triceps and abdomen skinfold thickness, and body fat) were performed and blood samples were withdrawn before and after the study. Blood lipid fractions analyzed were total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG), HDL-cholesterol and LDL-cholesterol. After the trial, body weight, body mass index, and percent ideal body weight of the subjects were reduced to mean of 0.5 kg, 0.2 and $0.9\%$, respectively (p<0.05). Percent body fat, triceps and abdomen skinfold thickness, and waist and hip circumferences were all reduced significantly except for $\%$ abdominal fat, but $\%$ body muscle mass increased from $36.5\%$ to $37.4\%$ (p=0.000). TC and TG were remarkably diminished (p<0.01) and LDL-cholesterol tended to decrease, but no change was observed in HDL-cholesterol. Bowel movements were also increased (p<0.01). In conclusion, this specific herb and fiber-rich dietary supplement reduced body weight and body fat indices, improved anthropometric indices, modified blood lipid fractions and bowel movement desirably. The study suggest that herb and fiber-rich dietary supplement might help control body weight, body fat loss and adult diseases positively.

• The Korean Journal of Financial Studies
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• v.3 no.1
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• pp.233-265
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• 1996

We examine the impact of public and private information on price movements using the thirty DJIA stocks and twenty-one NASDAQ stocks. We find that the standard deviation of daily returns on information days (dividend announcement, earnings announcement, insider purchase, or insider sale) is much higher than on no-information days. Both public information matters at the NYSE, probably due to masked identification of insiders. Earnings announcement has the greatest impact for both DJIA and NASDAQ stocks, and there is some evidence of positive impact of insider asle on return volatility of NASDAQ stocks. There has been considerable debate, e.g., French and Roll (1986), over whether market volatility is due to public information or private information-the latter gathered through costly search and only revealed through trading. Public information is composed of (1) marketwide public information such as regularly scheduled federal economic announcements (e.g., employment, GNP, leading indicators) and (2) company-specific public information such as dividend and earnings announcements. Policy makers and corporate insiders have a better access to marketwide private information (e.g., a new monetary policy decision made in the Federal Reserve Board meeting) and company-specific private information, respectively, compated to the general public. Ederington and Lee (1993) show that marketwide public information accounts for most of the observed volatility patterns in interest rate and foreign exchange futures markets. Company-specific public information is explored by Patell and Wolfson (1984) and Jennings and Starks (1985). They show that dividend and earnings announcements induce higher than normal volatility in equity prices. Kyle (1985), Admati and Pfleiderer (1988), Barclay, Litzenberger and Warner (1990), Foster and Viswanathan (1990), Back (1992), and Barclay and Warner (1993) show that the private information help by informed traders and revealed through trading influences market volatility. Cornell and Sirri (1992)' and Meulbroek (1992) investigate the actual insider trading activities in a tender offer case and the prosecuted illegal trading cased, respectively. This paper examines the aggregate and individual impact of marketwide information, company-specific public information, and company-specific private information on equity prices. Specifically, we use the thirty common stocks in the Dow Jones Industrial Average (DJIA) and twenty one National Association of Securities Dealers Automated Quotations (NASDAQ) common stocks to examine how their prices react to information. Marketwide information (public and private) is estimated by the movement in the Standard and Poors (S & P) 500 Index price for the DJIA stocks and the movement in the NASDAQ Composite Index price for the NASDAQ stocks. Divedend and earnings announcements are used as a subset of company-specific public information. The trading activity of corporate insiders (major corporate officers, members of the board of directors, and owners of at least 10 percent of any equity class) with an access to private information can be cannot legally trade on private information. Therefore, most insider transactions are not necessarily based on private information. Nevertheless, we hypothesize that market participants observe how insiders trade in order to infer any information that they cannot possess because insiders tend to buy (sell) when they have good (bad) information about their company. For example, Damodaran and Liu (1993) show that insiders of real estate investment trusts buy (sell) after they receive favorable (unfavorable) appraisal news before the information in these appraisals is released to the public. Price discovery in a competitive multiple-dealership market (NASDAQ) would be different from that in a monopolistic specialist system (NYSE). Consequently, we hypothesize that NASDAQ stocks are affected more by private information (or more precisely, insider trading) than the DJIA stocks. In the next section, we describe our choices of the fifty-one stocks and the public and private information set. We also discuss institutional differences between the NYSE and the NASDAQ market. In Section II, we examine the implications of public and private information for the volatility of daily returns of each stock. In Section III, we turn to the question of the relative importance of individual elements of our information set. Further analysis of the five DJIA stocks and the four NASDAQ stocks that are most sensitive to earnings announcements is given in Section IV, and our results are summarized in Section V.

• Sleep Medicine and Psychophysiology
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.107-112
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• 2001

Introduction: Narcolepsy, a sleep disorder characterized by excessive daytime sleepiness and cataplexy, is known to be closely associated with the human leukocyte antigen (HLA) DQB1*0602. Several studies have suggested that HLA-DQB1*0602 is strongly linked with narcolepsy-cataplexy. However, no studies have yet been made on whether HLA DQB1*0602 is associated with Korean patients with narcolepsy. This study was designed to investigate the frequency of HLA-DQB1*0602 of Korean patients with narcolepsy. Methods: Twenty patients were selected (mean age: $28.2{\pm}3.0$, 11 men and 9 women). The patients were confirmed to have narcolepsy by the overnight polysomnography and multiple sleep latency test (MSLT) in addition to their clinical history and symptoms at St. Vincent's Hospital and Korea University Hospital Sleep Disorders Clinic. Any subjects co-morbid with other hypersomnic sleep disorders such as sleep apnea or periodic limb movements during sleep were excluded. Clinical data was collected through a semi-structured interview for narcoleptic patients. All patients and 21 control did HLA typing for the presence of DQB1*0602. Results Obtained were as Follows: 1) Mean sleep latency was 2.4 (${\pm}2.0$ minutes) and mean frequency of sleep-onset REM period was 3.0 (${\pm}1.6$) by MSLT. 2) Characteristic symptoms of narcolepsy investigated were as follows: excessive daytime sleepiness (100%), cataplexy (100%), sleep paralysis (60%), hypnagogic hallucination (70%) and disrupted nocturnal sleep (75%). 3) Strong emotional expression such as laughing (80%) and joking (70%) triggered cataplexy which affects the knee and leg region (80%) and jaw region (30%). 4) HLA-DR2 was found in 90% of patients and 35% in controls. The frequency of HLA-DQB1*0602 in patients and controls was 90%, and 24%, respectively. Conclusions: These results, which exhibit high HLA-DQB1*0602 expression in Korean patients with narcolepsy, suggest that HLADQB1*0602 could be a strong genetic marker in narcolepsy.

• Journal of Intelligence and Information Systems
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• v.22 no.4
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• pp.177-192
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• 2016

Machine learning is a field of artificial intelligence. It refers to an area of computer science related to providing machines the ability to perform their own data analysis, decision making and forecasting. For example, one of the representative machine learning models is artificial neural network, which is a statistical learning algorithm inspired by the neural network structure of biology. In addition, there are other machine learning models such as decision tree model, naive bayes model and SVM(support vector machine) model. Among the machine learning models, we use SVM model in this study because it is mainly used for classification and regression analysis that fits well to our study. The core principle of SVM is to find a reasonable hyperplane that distinguishes different group in the data space. Given information about the data in any two groups, the SVM model judges to which group the new data belongs based on the hyperplane obtained from the given data set. Thus, the more the amount of meaningful data, the better the machine learning ability. In recent years, many financial experts have focused on machine learning, seeing the possibility of combining with machine learning and the financial field where vast amounts of financial data exist. Machine learning techniques have been proved to be powerful in describing the non-stationary and chaotic stock price dynamics. A lot of researches have been successfully conducted on forecasting of stock prices using machine learning algorithms. Recently, financial companies have begun to provide Robo-Advisor service, a compound word of Robot and Advisor, which can perform various financial tasks through advanced algorithms using rapidly changing huge amount of data. Robo-Adviser's main task is to advise the investors about the investor's personal investment propensity and to provide the service to manage the portfolio automatically. In this study, we propose a method of forecasting the Korean volatility index, VKOSPI, using the SVM model, which is one of the machine learning methods, and applying it to real option trading to increase the trading performance. VKOSPI is a measure of the future volatility of the KOSPI 200 index based on KOSPI 200 index option prices. VKOSPI is similar to the VIX index, which is based on S&P 500 option price in the United States. The Korea Exchange(KRX) calculates and announce the real-time VKOSPI index. VKOSPI is the same as the usual volatility and affects the option prices. The direction of VKOSPI and option prices show positive relation regardless of the option type (call and put options with various striking prices). If the volatility increases, all of the call and put option premium increases because the probability of the option's exercise possibility increases. The investor can know the rising value of the option price with respect to the volatility rising value in real time through Vega, a Black-Scholes's measurement index of an option's sensitivity to changes in the volatility. Therefore, accurate forecasting of VKOSPI movements is one of the important factors that can generate profit in option trading. In this study, we verified through real option data that the accurate forecast of VKOSPI is able to make a big profit in real option trading. To the best of our knowledge, there have been no studies on the idea of predicting the direction of VKOSPI based on machine learning and introducing the idea of applying it to actual option trading. In this study predicted daily VKOSPI changes through SVM model and then made intraday option strangle position, which gives profit as option prices reduce, only when VKOSPI is expected to decline during daytime. We analyzed the results and tested whether it is applicable to real option trading based on SVM's prediction. The results showed the prediction accuracy of VKOSPI was 57.83% on average, and the number of position entry times was 43.2 times, which is less than half of the benchmark (100 times). A small number of trading is an indicator of trading efficiency. In addition, the experiment proved that the trading performance was significantly higher than the benchmark.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.39 no.2
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• pp.40-51
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• 2011

Recently, the public's interest in quality of life and good design has increased, and the opportunities for their participation in space planning and the design process are expanding. However, the public still lacks understanding of the role(and importance) of space and environment and is not experienced in expressing their opinion on improving the urban environment. At this point, 'Built Environment Education for Kids' will be the key to understanding space and environment as future citizens and to developing the ability of problem-solving and expressing their opinions. This study aims to change the awareness of the public as well as experts, and to make a better urban space through comparison and analysis of domestic and foreign 'Built Environment Education.' In 27 countries around the world(more than 110 institutions), 'Built Environment Education' from childhood is being implemented. Such movements aim to make people participate in the space design and decision-making process by understanding a fundamental element of the built environment and space perception. In this study, the United States, Britain, Finland, Japan and South Korea's 'Built Environment Education' are discussed Above all, the definition, range and target of 'Built Environment Education' are discussed For each case, the purpose and effect, laws and educational processes, systems and roles, and examples of programs are analyzed. Through reviewing each attribute and their implications, a conclusion is drawn on the aspects we have to consider in laying the foundation for implementing the 'Built Environment Education' in Korea, such as consideration of the locality, organizing systematic networks and composing a pool of experts, building proper institutions, and establishing the role of the government. This case study of 'Built Environment Education' can help increase the awareness of the public and build their strength in establishing a better future space. Through the analysis of the purpose, laws, systems, and contents, this case study is expected to provide and build the foundation for an educational system and develop an appropriate program that best suits our society.

• The korean journal of orthodontics
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• v.34 no.5 s.106
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• pp.417-428
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• 2004

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the stress distributions at the periodontal ligament (PDL) and displacements of the maxillary first molar when mesially directed force was applied under various molar angulations and rotations. A three dimensional finite element model of the maxiilary first molar and its periodontal ligament was made Upright position, mesially angulated position by $20^{\circ}$ and distally angulated position of the same degree were simulated to investigate the effect of molar angulation. An anteriorly directed force of 200g countertipping moment of 1,800gm-mm (9:1 moment/force ratio) and counterrotation moment of 1,000gm-mm (5:1 moment/force ratio) were applied in each situation. To evaluate the effect of molar rotation on the stress distribution, mesial-in rotation by $20^{\circ}$ and the same amount of distal-in rotation were simulated. The same force and moments were applied in each situation. The results were as follows: In all situations, there was no significant difference in mesially directed tooth displacement Also, any differences in stress distributions could not be found, in other words. there were no different mesial movements. Stress distributions and tooth displacement of the $20^{\circ}$ mesially angulated situation were very similar with those of the $20^{\circ}$ distal-in rotated situation. The same phenomenon was obserned between the $20^{\circ}$ distally angulated situation and $20^{\circ}$ mesial-in rotated situation. When the tooth was mesially angulated, or distal-in rotated, mesially directed force made the tooth rotate in the coronal plane. with its roots moving buccally, and its crown moving lingually. When the tooth was distally angulated, or mesial-in rotated, mesially directed force made the tooth rotate in the coronal plane, with its roots moving lingually and its crown moving buccally. When force is applied to au angulated or rotated molar, the orthodontist should understand that additional torque control is needed to prevent unwanted tooth rotation in the coronal plane.

• Journal of Oral Medicine and Pain
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• v.36 no.3
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• pp.169-176
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• 2011

Oromandibular dystonia (OMD) is a form of focal dystonia that affects the masticatory, facial and lingual muscles in any variety of combinations, which results in repetitive involuntary and possibly painful jaw opening, closing, deviation or a combination of these movements. This study aimed to investigate clinical features and treatment type of OMD patients. By retrospective chart review, the study was conducted to consecutive OMD patients who visited a department of Oral Medicine and Orofacial Pain Clinic in a university dental hospital during Aug 2007 to Apr 2010. 78 OMD patients were identified with female preponderance (M:F=1:3.6) and a mean age of 72 years. Their mean duration of OMD was about 10 months. The most common chief complaints at the first visit was jaw ache, followed by uncontrolled, repetitive movement of the jaw and/or oral tissues, pain in the oral region(p=0.000). The most common subtype of OMD was lateral jaw-deviation dystonia, followed by combination and jaw-closing dystonia(p=0.001). While no apparent cause was recognized in over 60% of the OMD patients, peripheral trauma including dental treatment such as prosthetic treatment and extraction was the most frequently reported as precipitating factor(p=0.000). Medication was the 1st line therapy for our patients and anxiolytics such as clonazepam was given to most of them. Based on the results of this study, OMD is the disease of the elderly, particularly of women and causes orofacial pain and compromises function of orofacial region. Some patients considered dental treatment a precipitating factor. Dentists, therefore, should have knowledge of symptoms and treatment of OMD.

• Sleep Medicine and Psychophysiology
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.106-114
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• 2002

Objectives: Daytime sleepiness is a common symptom and is associated with sleep behavior, sleep deprivation, and night shift, etc. It is also one of the most important symptoms of sleep disorders like obstructive sleep apnea (OSA). According to our survey on Korean literature, a few studies have dealt with daytime sleepiness, and we have not been able to locate any study comparing normal subjects with polysomnography-proven sleep disorder patients regarding daytime sleepiness. We aimed at comparing daytime sleepiness among normal healthy daytime workers, medical students being expected to have daytime sleepiness due to chronic sleep deprivation, and patients having sleep disorders diagnosed with polysomnography. We also studied the association between subjective daytime sleepiness and objective polysomnographic findings in patients with sleep disorders. Methods: One hundred three hospital workers, 137 medical students, and patients with sleep disorders were studied. Sleep disorders included OSA, periodic limb movements in sleep (PLMS), insomnia, and narcolepsy. The degree of subjective sleepiness in each group was measured by the Korean version of Epworth sleepiness scale and compared. The relationship between polysomnographic findings reflecting severity of sleep disorder in each patient group and subjective sleepiness was analyzed. As for patients with narcolepsy, the relationship between the mean sleep latency and subjective sleepiness was studied. Results: There was a significant difference of ESS score (F=68.190, dF=5.752, p<0.001) among daytime workers, medical students, and sleep disorder patients. In OSA patient group, the degree of the sleepiness had no significant correlation either with mean O2 satuaration (p=0.062) or with RDI (p=0.807). In PLMS patient group, there was no correlation between periodic limb movement index (PLMI) and subjective sleepiness (p=0.761). In narcolepsy patient group, the subjective sleepiness had no correlation with mean sleep latency measured with MSLT (p=0.055). Conclusion: We found a significant difference of subjective sleepiness among daytime workers, medical students, and patients with sleep disorders. However, no consistent correlation was found between severity of subjective sleepiness and objective polysomnographic findings reflecting severity of each sleep disorder. This research confirms that the evaluation of subjective sleepiness is important clinically, but it cannot substitute the objective measures such as nocturnal polysomnography and MSLT.

• Trans-
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• v.3
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• pp.55-86
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• 2017

This study begins with the necessity of the concept of reincarnation of film media and the inclusion of specific tendencies of contemporary films as post - cinema comes. Variable movements around recent films Challenging and experimental films show aesthetics that are difficult to approach with the analysis of classical mise en scene and montage. In this way, I review the dispositif proposed by Martin in films that are puzzling to criticize with the classical conceptual framework. This is because the concept of dispositive is a conceptual pile that extends more than a mise en scene and a montage. Dispositif films tend to be non-reproducible and non-narrative, but not all non-narrativef tendencies are dispositif films. Only the dispositif film is included in the flow. Dispositif movement has increased dramatically in the modern environment on which digital technology is based, but it is not a tendency to be found in any particular age. The movement has been detected in classical films, and the dispositif tendency has continued to exist in avant-garde films in the 1920s and some modernist films. First, for clear conceptualization of cinematic dispositif, this study examines the sources of dispositif debates that are being introduced into film theory today. In this process, the theory of Jean Louis Baudry, Michel Foucault, Agamben, Flusser, and Deleuze will help. The concept of dispositif was discussed by several scholars, including Baudry and Foucault, and today the notion of dispositif is defined across all these definitions. However, these various discussions are distinctly different from the cinematic dispositif or dispositif films that Martin advocates. Martin's proposed concept reminds us of the fundamentals of cinematic aesthetics that have distinguished between the mise-en-scene and the montage. And it will be able to reconsider those concepts and make it possible to view a thing a new light or create new films. The basic implications of dispositif are apparatus as devices, disposition and arrangement, the combination of heterogeneity. Thus, if you define a dispositif film in a word, it is a new 'constraint' consisting of rearrangement and arrangement of the heterogeneous elements that make up the conditions of the classical film. In order for something to become a new design, changes must be made in the arrangement and arrangement of the elements, forces, and forces that make up it. Naturally, the elements encompass both internal and external factors. These dispositif films have a variety of possibilities, such as reflection on the archival possibilities and the role of supervision, the reestablishment of active and creative audience, the reason for the film medium, and the ideological reflection. films can also 'network' quickly and easily with other media faster than any medium and create a new 'devised' aesthetic style. And the dispositif film that makes use of this will be a key keyword in reading the films that present the new trend of modern film. Because dispositif are so comprehensive and have a broad implication, there are certainly areas that are difficult to sophisticate. However this will have a positive effect on the future activation of dispositif studies end for end. Dispositif is difficult to elaborate the concept clearly, so it can be accessed from a wide range of dimensions and has theoretically infinite extensibility. At the beginning and end of the 21st century film, the concept of cinematic dispositif will become a decisive factor to dismantle old film aesthetics.