• Journal of the Korean Society for Precision Engineering
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• v.18 no.10
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• pp.194-199
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• 2001

In this paper, we propose a new locomotive mechanism using impulsive force for microcapsule-type endoscope. It has the compact size for movement in the colon and actuating mechanisms for hi-directional movement. The actuating mechanism resembles a pneumatic cylinder and consists of body, inertia mass(piston). spring. pneumatic source and calve. When valve is ON, the pneumatic impulsive force between piston and body drives them in two opposite direction. As the air in the body is passed away, the contrary movements are occurred by spring reaction. Therefore, the direction of body's motion is determined by the relative magnitude of two opposite impulsive forces, i.e., pneumatic and spring force. The effect of two impulsive forces can simply be controlled by On-Off time of solenoid valve.

• Fire Science and Engineering
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.21-30
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• 1999

In this paper, the smoke filling process for the three types of atrium spaces are simulated u using the two types of deterministic fire model; zone models and field models. The zone models u used are the FffiST, CFAST, and CCFM.VENTS m떠els develo야퍼 at the Building and Fire R Research Laboratories, NIST, USA and the NBTC one-room model of FIR.ECAIι delveloped at C CSffiO, Austr;외ia. The field models used are the fire field model developed by W. K Chow and a a self-developed Sl\1EP(Smoke Movement Estimating Program) based on computational fluid d dynamics the$\alpha$1es. The results pn려icted by the two approaches are very similar. The field model u using SIl\1PLE algorithm or SIl\1PLER algorithm requires much more computing time compared w with the use of Sl\1EP using PISO algorithm.

• KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
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• v.3 no.3
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• pp.266-284
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• 2009

The challenges of rapidly growing numbers of mobile nodes in IPv6-based networks are being faced by mobile computing researchers worldwide. Recently, IETF has standardized Mobile IPv6 and Fast Handover for Mobile IPv6(FMIPv6) for supporting IPv6 mobility. Even though existing literatures have asserted that FMIPv6 generally improves MIPv6 in terms of handover speed, they did not carefully consider the details of the whole handover procedures. Therefore, in conventional protocols, the handover process reveals numerous problems manifested by a time-consuming network layer based movement detection and latency in configuring a new care of address with confirmation. In this article, we study the impact of the address configuration and confirmation procedure on the IP handover latency. To mitigate such effects, we propose a new scheme which can reduce the latency taken by the movement detection, address configuration and confirmation from the whole handover latency. Furthermore, a mathematical analysis is provided to show the benefits of our scheme. In the analysis, various parameters are used to compare our scheme with the current procedures, while our approach is focused on the reduction of handover latency. Finally, we demonstrate total handover scenarios for the proposed techniques and discussed the major factors which contribute to the handover latency.

• Journal of The Korean Association For Science Education
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• v.24 no.1
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• pp.129-145
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• 2004

Since science was first taught in schools, maybe during the 18th century, school science education has experienced many substantial changes in its goals and nature over the period. The historical changes are usually referred to by some key terms, like, mechanics' institutes, object lessons, heuristics, general science, inquiry, STS, misconceptions. To characterize these changes, science educators frequently use some slogan-like analogies, referring to parts of the human body to indicate the movement of science education during a particular period of time: for example, 'Hands-On' for inquiry movement during 1960s-70s, 'Minds-On' for constructivist movement during 1980s-90s. In this paper, we briefly summarize the overall historical development of science education in Britain, then further expand the analogies to cover the overall process, that is, Ears-On ${\to}$ Eyes-On ${\to}$ Hands-On ${\to}$ Minds-On. To illustrate future directions of the 21st century, we propose a new analogy, 'Hearts-On', and also discuss the meanings and implications of a 'Hearts-On' analogy by illustrating how this new paradigm can be applied to reflect various current trends of science education, particularly in Korea. In addition, a parallel historical change between school science and science museums & centres is discussed.

• The Korean Journal of Rehabilitation Nursing
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.52-60
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• 2017

Purpose: This study aimed to evaluate the effects of lifestyle modifications on the constipation relief, the time required to see the effects, and the effective lifestyles for constipation in older adults admitted to a geriatric hospital. Methods: Nonequivalent control group pre-post test design was used. The subjects consisted of 25 elderly in the control group and 23 in the experimental group. Constipation was measured with symptoms of constipation, number of bowel movement and use of laxatives. Life style modification consisted of drinking water before breakfast, having a breakfast, scheduled toileting after breakfast and walking everyday for 3 weeks. Results: Symptoms of constipation (t=2.23, p=.030) and number of bowel movement per week (t=-2.55, p=.014) were significantly different between two groups after 3 weeks. Drinking water, scheduled toileting and walking might contribute to the results. Conclusion: Lifestyle modification was effective on constipation in older adults admitted to a geriatric hospital. However, the effects were produced after 3 weeks. Nevertheless, it is recommended that nurses continuously encourage older adults for drinking water, regular trying for bowel movement and walking to relieve constipation, since the lifestyle modification does not need any special education and skill.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• v.50 no.1
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• pp.105-119
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• 2014

This study presents a steel container crane movement analysis and assessment based on structural health monitoring (SHM). The accelerometers are used to monitor the dynamic crane behavior and a 3-D finite element model (FEM) was designed to express the static displacement of the crane under the different load cases. The multi-input single-output nonlinear autoregressive neural network with external input (NNARX) model is used to identify the crane dynamic displacements. The FEM analysis and the identification model are used to investigate the safety and the vibration state of the crane in both time and frequency domains. Moreover, the SHM system is used based on the FEM analysis to assess the crane behavior. The analysis results indicate that: (1) the mean relative dynamic displacement can reveal the relative static movement of structures under environmental load; (2) the environmental load conditions clearly affect the crane deformations in different load cases; (3) the crane deformations are shown within the safe limits under different loads.

• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
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• v.7 no.11
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• pp.117-126
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• 2020

This paper is aimed to explore the co-movement capital market in Southeast Asia and analysis the correlation of conventional and Islamic Index in the regional and global equity. This research become necessary to represent the risk on the capital market and measure market performance, as investor considers the volatility before investing. The time series daily data use from April 2012 to April 2020 both conventional and Islamic stock index in Malaysia and Indonesia. This paper examines the dynamics of conditional volatilities and correlations between those markets by using Multivariate Generalized Autoregressive Conditional Heteroscedasticity (MGARCH). Our result shows that conventional or composite index in Malaysia less volatile than Islamic, but on the other hand, both drive correlation movement. The other output captures that Islamic Index in Indonesian capital market more gradual volatilities than the Composite Index that tends to be low in risk so that investors intend to keep the shares. Generally, the result shows a correlation in each country for conventional and the Islamic index. However, Internationally Indonesia and Malaysia composite and Islamic is low correlated. Regionally Indonesia's indices movement looks to be more correlated and it's similar to Malaysian Capital Market counterparts. In the global market distress condition, the diversification portfolio between Indonesia and Malaysia does not give many benefits.

• Transactions of The Korea Fluid Power Systems Society
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• v.7 no.4
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• pp.32-38
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• 2010

A semi-active suspension is an automotive technology that controls the vertical movement of the vehicle while the car is driving. The system therefore virtually eliminates body roll and pitch variation in many driving situations including cornering, accelerating, and braking. This technology allows car manufacturers to achieve a higher degree of both ride quality and car handling by keeping the tires perpendicular to the road in corners, allowing for much higher levels of grip and control. An onboard computer detects body movement from sensors located throughout the vehicle and, using data calculated by opportune control techniques, controls the action of the suspension. Semi-active systems can change the viscous damping coefficient of the shock absorber, and do not add energy to the suspension system. Though limited in their intervention (for example, the control force can never have different direction than that of the current speed of the suspension), semi-active suspensions are less expensive to design and consume far less energy. In recent time, the research in semi-active suspensions has continued to advance with respect to their capabilities, narrowing the gap between semi-active and fully active suspension systems. In this paper we are studied the characteristics of vehicle movement during the field test with conventional and semi-active suspension system.

• Korean Institute of Interior Design Journal
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.83-90
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• 2008

This study attempts to understand the arrangement and spatial requisites of art pieces by materializing the visitors' path of movement in the exhibition space, as well as researching their behavior. The purpose of the research is to the guideline for planning the exhibition layout and visitors' circulation can be derived in order to correspond to the visitors' characteristic of movement and circulation-path choice. Although such guideline may have limited use, it is still significant enough to be studied. Taking three Korean art galleries as the subjects of research, this study observes the arrangement of art pieces, movement path of visitors, characteristics of the visitors' behavior and the duration time a visitor takes to view an art piece without moving around in order to understand the arrangement and spatial requisites of art pieces which correspond to the visitors' behavior. The following results have been drawn in this research and analysis; First, when there is an island type exhibition other than the ordinary on-the-wall display in the exhibition space, the visitors' choice of path changes. In short, an island type exhibition seems to be a factor that changes the visitors' path. Second, in the entrance of an exhibition space unit, most of the visitors seem to choose a path which moves counter-clockwise. Third, it is considered that well-known art pieces or art pieces with a big size shall not be displayed on the comer of the exhibition room.

• Elastomers and Composites
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• v.55 no.2
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• pp.88-94
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• 2020

Automobile industry, along with the automobile steering system, is rapidly changing and developing. The constant velocity joint transmits power to the wheels of vehicles without changing their angular velocity based on the movement of the steering wheel. Moreover, it controls their movement to act as a buffer. In order to prevent the excessive increase in temperature caused by the movement of vehicles, boots are attached to the constant velocity joint and lubricant is injected into the boots. The boots maintain the lubrication and protect the constant velocity joint from sand, water, and so on. As the wheels of the vehicle rotate, the boots are acted upon by forces such as bending, compression, and tension. Additionally, self-contact occurs to boots. Therefore, their durability deteriorates over time. To prevent this problem, polychloroprene rubber was initially used however, it was replaced by thermoplastic polyester elastomers due to their excellent fatigue durability. In this study, the structural analysis of boots was conducted. The results showed the deformation patterns of the boots based on the translation and rotation of the constant velocity joint. Moreover, it confirmed the location that was vulnerable to deformation. This study can be used to potentially design high-quality constant velocity joint boots.