• Korean Journal of Agricultural Science
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• v.45 no.4
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• pp.725-732
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• 2018

The vaccination for foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) is an effective way to control FMD. However, the injection of FMD vaccine causes abnormalities in pork meat by the incidence of lesions at the injection site. This study was conducted to investigate the inhibition effects of dietary bromelain, a natural protease derived from pineapple stems, on the incidence of lesions at the vaccination site on pigs. A total of 335 pigs (LYD [Landrace ${\times}$ Yorkshire ${\times}$ Duroc]; 7-week-old) were randomly allotted to two dietary treatments: control (basic diet) and bromelain treatment (diet supplemented with bromelain 1 kg/ton). The injection of FMD vaccine was conducted on 56- and 84-day-old pigs. Pigs with the bromelain treatment were fed a diet supplemented with bromelain for 14 days from 5 days before the vaccine injection. After slaughtering the pigs, the number of carcasses that had abnormal meat at the injection site of the vaccine and the amount of abnormal meat, discarded meat, and trimmings were recorded. Pork from the bromelain treated pigs had a lower incidence of abnormal meat caused by vaccine injection as well as a lower amount of abnormal meat, discarded meat, and trimmings than those of the control (p < 0.05). Our result suggests that dietary bromelain could improve the quality of pork meat by inhibiting incidence of lesions at the vaccine injection site.

• Reproductive and Developmental Biology
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• v.28 no.3
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• pp.203-207
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• 2004

The transgenic mice carrying human Interleukin-10 (hIL-10) gene in conjunction with bovine (3 -casein promoter express hIL-10 in milk during lactation. In this study, stability of germ line transmission and expression of hIL-10 transgene integrated into host chromosome were monitored up to generation F8 of transgenic mice. When male mouse of generation F8 was crossbred with normal females, approximately half of offspring (50.9±5.8%) were identified as transgenic mice. Generation F9 to F15 mice also showed similar transmission rates (66.0±20.1%, 61.5±16.7%, 41.1±8.4%, 40.7±20.3%, 61.3±10.8%, 49.2±18.8% and 43.8±25.9%, respectively), implying that hIL-10 transgene can be transmitted stably up to long term generation in the transgenic mice. Expression levels of human IL-10 from milk of generation F9 to F14 mice were 3.6± 1.2 mg/ml, 4.2±0.9 mg/ml, 5.7±1.5 mg/ml, 6.3±3.5 mg/ml, 6.8±4.5 mg/ml and 6.8±3.1 mg/ml, respectively, which was showed high-level expression compared with that of generation F1 (1.6 mg/ml) mice. In conclusion, our results suggest that transgenic mice can be continuously passed their transgenes to the progeny through the breeding program with the same productivity of human IL-10 protein in their milk.

• Food Science and Preservation
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• v.18 no.6
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• pp.961-966
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• 2011

This research was carried out to evaluate the value of tofu containing mushroom as a immunomodulator. Tofu was made using $CaSO_4{\cdot}2H_2O$ or Lactobacillus extract as a coagulant after adding powder of fruit bodies or mycelia of Letino edodes and Lepista nuda to soybean milk. Proximate compositions of tofu and tofu containing mushroom were analyzed. Levels of interferon ${\gamma}$ (IFN-${\gamma}$), interleukin 4 (IL-4) and tumor necrosis factor-${\alpha}$ (TNF-${\alpha}$) in culture media of lymphocytes collected from mouse spleens after being injected with mushroom, regular tofu, or tofu made with mushroom were measured by sandwich ELISA. In addition, concentrations of IgG1, IgG2a and IgE in plasma or lymphocyte culture media were analyzed. Crude protein, crude lipid and crude ash were decreased in tofu containing mushroom but phosphorus was increased significantly. IFN-${\gamma}$ concentration was significantly decreased in mice injected with fruit body or tofu alone. IL-4 level was decreased significantly in mice injected with tofu containing fruit body of L. edodes. However, TNF-${\alpha}$ was increased in mice injected with tofu containing fruit body of L. edodes. Plasma levels of IgG1 were increased in almost all groups, while there was no significant change in IgG2a levels among treated mice groups. Concentrations of IgG1 and IgG2a were increased significantly in lymphocyte culture media of mice injected with tofu containing mushroom. Plasma levels of IgE level was significantly increased in mice injected with tofu or fruit body of L. edodes, but not in mice treated with tofu containing mushroom. These results showed that tofu with mushroom affected immune activities, and it seems valuable to consider developing the mixture of tofu and L. edodes as an immunomodulator.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.31 no.3
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• pp.838-847
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• 1999

Based on the results that the extract of Korean mistletoe (KM-110) has immunological and anti-tumor activities and its main component is lectin called KML-U, this study was carried out to investigate the immunostimulatory and anti-tumor activities of FKM-110, fermented KM-110 with lactobacillus, as a basic study for the development of functional food with anti-tumor activity. The amount of lectin after fermentation determined by ELISA was varied with the fermentation time and kinds of lactobacillus. Cytotoxic effects of FKM-110 on the various tumor cells was significant and dependent on the concentration of KML-U and the kinds of lactobacillus. FKM-110 stimulated macrophage and resulted in the secretion of some cytokines such as IL-1 and $IFN-{\gamma}$, but this effect was not correlated with the concentration of lectin. FKM-110 fermented with Marshall Lactobacillus casei showed the most potent antitumor activity in experimental and spontaneous metastasis models. When yoghurt produced with KM-110, Marshall Lactobacillus casei and skim milk was administered orally to mouse, the metastasis of tumor cells was significantly inhibited.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.27 no.4
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• pp.442-449
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• 2017

We analyzed the content of total phenolic and silymarin compounds of Cirsium japonicum (CJ), and its antioxidant activities and Liver protective effects were compared with those of Silybum marianum (SM). The total phenolic content in the aerial part ($97.22{\pm}5.51mg/g$) of CJ is higher than that in the underground part ($85.32{\pm}3.06mg/g$). The total silymarin content of CJ was 55.56% of SM, with the underground part ($0.47{\pm}0.03mg/g$) having higher content than the aerial part ($0.18{\pm}0.02mg/g$). The antioxidant activity of CJ was generally slightly lower than that of milk thistle, and the underground part of CJ generally had higher activity compared to the aerial part. When CJ extracts were processed at 1 mg/ml, DPPH activities were $83.76{\pm}0.60$ and $88.28{\pm}0.17%$, and FRAP activities were $77.63{\pm}0.70$ and $82.83{\pm}0.39%$ for extracts from aerial part and underground part, respectively. ABTS activities were $68.60{\pm}1.24$ and $63.41{\pm}0.57%$ for underground and aerial part respectively when extracts were processed at 0.1 mg/ml. The Liver protective effects of CJ were higher in the extracts from underground part compared to the aerial part, Liver cells were damaged by treating them with t-BHP, $H_2O_2$ and Ethanol, and then they were treated with 0.2 mg/ml CJ extracts. The survival rates of the damaged liver cells were $49.58{\pm}0.34$, $76.87{\pm}1.10$ and $71.73{\pm}0.58%$ respectively, which were higher than the cells not treated with extracts.