• 한국산림과학회지
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• 제96권5호
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• pp.510-514
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• 2007

The main purpose of this study was to develop Mountain Search and Rescue System for enhancing search and rescue operations in the mountains. This study also focused on presenting an alternative to using a cellular phone for requesting rescue due to their unreliability in remote areas. This system is designed to help in the search and rescue of people in emergency situations in the mountains. It is composed of buzzer sensors, environmental information sensors, and a statistical analysis program. A key feature of this system is that it does not require an infrastructure of internet or CDMA networks for its operation in the mountains. The measure for the study was conducted by using a zigbee protocol analyzer, RF module and 433MHz Helical antenna to analyze the rate of data reception in relation to the distance between nodes. This system is applicable to mountains provided the distance between nodes is over 100 m and under 150 m.

• 한국산림과학회지
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• 제96권1호
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• pp.70-76
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• 2007

본 연구의 목적은 유비쿼터스 센서 네트워크 기반 산악조난구조시스템의 산악지형 적용 가능성을 평가하기 위하여 수행되었다. 이를 위하여 본 연구에서는 계룡산국립공원 동학사 탐방로 코스의 은선폭포에서 관음봉 구간에 10대의 산악조난구조시스템을 설치하여 조난구조 요청 신호의 송 수신율과 유비쿼터스 센서 네트워크의 안전성 파악을 위한 현장조사를 실시하였다. 조사결과 데이터 수신율은 최소 90.0% 이상으로 매우 높게 나타났으며, 유비쿼터스 센서 네트워크의 안전성 검증을 위해 설치된 10대의 조난구조시스템의 2개의 센서 중 1개의 센서를 임의로 오작동 상태로 설정하여 측정한 결과 데이터 수신율이 매우 안정적인 것으로 나타났다.

• 한국시뮬레이션학회논문지
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• 제31권3호
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• pp.55-61
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• 2022

현재 경찰과 소방이 범죄신고, 긴급출동과 같은 구조 상황발생 시 통화권영역 내에서는 이동통신 사업자가 구축한 네트워크,와이파이,GPS기반의 긴급 구조용 측위시스템을 활용하여 요구조자의 단말과 직접 연동하여 예상위치를 정밀 측위를 하고 있다. 그러나 산악구조의 경우 조난자가 산악지형의 음영지역에 위치하거나 단말의 방전(power off) 시에는 단말과 직접 연동하여 정밀 측위가 불가능하며 마지막 접속 기지국 정보만을 받고 있어 수색의 위치를 한정할 수 없으므로 구조 골든타임 확보가 어려운 상황이다. 본 논문에서는 개선방안으로 시계열 기지국 정보, 위치정보 및 조난자의 성별, 나이, 행동적 특성을 반영한 이동성 모델과 지능형 추론을 기반으로 하는 전파분석 및 위치추정 시뮬레이션과 같은 이동통신 포렌식 기술을 통해 조난자의 예상 위치정보의 확률에 따른 히트맵 방식의 시각화를 통해 위치정보의 정확성을 높여 소방, 수색대의 수색지역을 축소하여 신속하고 정확한 인명구조에 기여할 수 있기를 기대한다.

• Journal of Trauma and Injury
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• 제25권4호
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• pp.230-240
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• 2012

Purpose: We aimed to compare the transport time, the proportion of direct hospital visit and the emergency procedures between the current mountain rescue helicopter emergency medical service (HEMS) and physician-staffed mountain-rescue HEMS. Methods: During weekends from October 2, to November 21, 2010, 9 emergency physicians participated as HEMS staff in the mountain-rescue HEMS program of the Seoul fire department. Patient demographic data, transport time, proportion of direct hospital visits, and emergency procedures were recorded. We also collected data on HEMS mountain-rescued patients from June 1, to September 1, 2010, and we compared them to those for the study patients. After an eight-week trial of the HEMS, we performed a delphi survey to determine the attitude of the physician staff, as well as the feasibility of using a physician staff. Results: Twenty-four(24) patients were rescued from mountains by physician-staffed HEMS during the study period, and 35 patients were rescued during the pre-study period. Patient demographic findings were not statistically different between the two groups, but the transport time and the emergency procedures were. During the study period, the time from call to take-off was $6.1{\pm}4.1min$ (vs. $12.1{\pm}8.9min$ during the pre-study period, p-value=0.001), and the time from call to arrival at the scene was $15.0{\pm}4.8min$ (vs. $22.3{\pm}8.1min$ during the pre-study period, p-value=0.0001). The proportions of direct hospital visit were not different between the two groups, but more aggressive emergency procedures were implemented in the study group. The delphi survey showed positive agreement on indications for HEMS, rapidity of transport and overall satisfaction. Conclusion: A pilot trial of physician-staffed HEMS for mountain rescue showed rapid response and more aggressive performance of emergency procedures with high satisfaction among the attending physicians.

• 산업기술연구
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• 제27권B호
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• pp.53-58
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• 2007

In this paper, we propose a design of the implementation for a search and rescue system for mountain climbers and evaluate the performance of the system. Search and rescues of people in emergency situations in mountain areas have been difficult due to lack of information about their location. In the proposed design, several small and commonly-available RF-based sensors, some amount of storage and processing devices are used. Infestations offer geographically intermittent coverage at high speeds. The proposed mountain climber tracking system use the directed diffusion scheme combined with infostation system. We also analyze the performance of the proposed system with NS-2 simulation package. From the performance analysis results, we expect that the proposed system will be very useful to early detect climbers' locations in emergency situations in Korea mountain areas.

• 한국정보통신학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국정보통신학회 2016년도 춘계학술대회
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• pp.529-530
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• 2016

산악사고 발생 시 사고자는 위치정보와 사고 상황을 신속하게 알려야 한다. 하지만 산악사고 발생 시 해당 지역이 GPS, 3G/4G, 무선통신 등이 불가능한 음영지역에서 구조대에 신고할 수 없다. 본 논문에서는 산악 사고 시 음영지역에서 사고자가 신고할 수 없는 상황에서 긴급구조요청 알림서비스를 제안한다. 제안하는 서비스는 BLE(Bluetooth Low Energy)를 통해 음영지역에서 사고 발생 시 긴급구조요청 메시지를 보내는 서비스이다.

• 한국측량학회지
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• 제37권5호
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• pp.293-302
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• 2019

In mountain accident events, it is important for the search team commander to determine the search area in order to secure the Golden Time. Within this period, assistance and treatment to the concerned individual will most likely prevent further injuries and harm. This paper proposes a method to determine the search priority area based on missing persons behavior and missing persons incidents statistics. GIS (Geographic Information System) and MCDM (Multi Criteria Decision Making) are integrated by applying WLC (Weighted Linear Combination) techniques. Missing persons were classified into five types, and their behavioral characteristics were analyzed to extract seven geographic analysis factors. Next, index values were set up for each missing person and element according to the behavioral characteristics, and the raster data generated by multiplying the weight of each element are superimposed to define models to select search priority areas, where each weight is calculated from the AHP (Analytical Hierarchy Process) through a pairwise comparison method obtained from search operation experts. Finally, the model generated in this study was applied to a missing person case through a virtual missing scenario, the priority area was selected, and the behavioral characteristics and topographical characteristics of the missing persons were compared with the selected area. The resulting analysis results were verified by mountain rescue experts as 'appropriate' in terms of the behavior analysis, analysis factor extraction, experimental process, and results for the missing persons.

• 한국농촌건축학회논문집
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• 제21권4호
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• pp.53-60
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• 2019

The purpose of this study is to investigate the change of Hidden gates form with the times. Fortresses position is constructed on the Korea mountain ranges. Hidden gate, one of facilities to construct fortress among various factors, represents as route of supplies way, ask for rescue, or counterattack plan to come in. The shape of hidden gate changes depend on land form, function, and time period. Previous research partially based on archeology or history. This research analyze Namhan mountain Namhansansung, one of the highest hidden gates count in Korea, distributive by main fortress, Bong-am fortress, Hanbong fortress. Nahhan Mountain fortress repeatedly affected by King Injo in Joseon Dynasty. As a result, Nahhan Mountain fortress consist of hidden gates alternation depend on the time of establishment or extension which makes different shape or size.

• 산업기술연구
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• 제27권B호
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• pp.37-42
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• 2007

A mobile ad hoc network (MANET) is a kind of wireless ad hoc network. It is a self-configuring network of mobile nodes connected by wireless links. Infostation is a lower cost and low power system that provides very high bit rate with limited coverage. In this study, we propose search and rescue system that combines MANET of climbers with Infostations. A climber shares location information of climbers with other climbers while climbing, and delivers the information to Infostations. This system is an intermittent network due to the mobility of nodes. From the system, we can track the locations of missing climbers. Ultimately, proposed system achieves low cost and reduces memory requirement using Infestations. We also analyze the performance of the proposed system by simulation. From the performance analysis results, we expect that the proposed system will be very useful to early detect climbers' locations in emergency situations in Korea mountain areas.

• 한국정보통신학회논문지
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• 제23권11호
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• pp.1428-1433
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• 2019

국내 재난 사고의 기술동향 중 산악사고에 대한 관심 또한 지속적으로 증가 추세에 있다. 사고 발생 시 보편적인 방법으로는 스마트폰을 이용한 위치 추적 및 사고신고 등이며, 이를 이용하여 구조 활동을 진행 하고 있으나, 산악지역의 특성상 음영현상의 발생하는 구역에 대한 해결책이 요구되고 있는 실정이다. 이에 본 논문에서는 447 MHz 대역 FSK방식을 이용한 무선 통신 기반 산행 안전 휴대 시스템을 제시하였다. 447 MHz 대역 송·수신기를 이용하여 이상 현상 발생 시 위치 전송 및 구조 신호 전송을 통한 위치좌표 전송 및 데이터를 축적하며, 송신자가 설정된 구역범위의 임계치를 벗어날 경우 위험 경고 알림을 발생하여 위험지역을 신속히 벗어날 수 있는 서비스를 제공한다. 또한 송신자의 건강 상태를 지속적으로 체크하여, 지정된 임계치를 상위 할 경우 수신자에게 경고를 함으로, 송신자의 재난에 대응할 수 있을 것이라고 사료된다.