• Journal of Korean Society of Disaster and Security
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.37-44
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• 2022

As the frequency of torrential rains and typhoons increases due to climate change, the frequency of occurrence of debris flow is also increasing. In particular, in the case of Kangwon-do, the occurrence of damage caused by mountain disasters is increasing as it has a topographical characteristic where the mountains and the coast are in contact. In order to analyze the flow characteristics in the sedimentary part of the debris flow, input data were constructed through numerical maps and field data, and a two-dimensional model, FLO-2D, was simulated. The damaged area was divided into the inflow part of the debris flow, the village center, and the vicinity of the port, and the flow center and flow velocity of the debris flow were simulated and compared with field survey data. As a result, the maximum flow depth was found to be 2.4 m at the debris flow inlet, 2.7 m at the center of the village, and 1.4 m at the port adjacent to the port so the results were similar when compared to the field survey. And in the case of the maximum flow velocity, it was calculated as 3.6 m/s at the debris flow inlet, 4.9 m/s in the center of the village and 1.2 m/s in the vicinity of the port, so It was confirmed that the maximum flow center occurred in the section where the maximum flow rate appeared.

• Journal of the Korean GEO-environmental Society
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• v.24 no.10
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• pp.41-49
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• 2023

Structures such as bridge columns installed on the asymmetric ground such as mountain areas and sloping ground are subject to various loads such as wind, temperature, earthquake, and etc. The pile foundation is generally applied to bridge columns on the asymmetric ground in order to stably support structures. The behavior of the pile foundation supporting bridge columns changes due to various load conditions. In particular, ground-pile-structure interactions should be studied to analyze the behavior of the pile foundation that supports bridge columns effected by dynamic loads such as earthquakes. The pile foundation installed on the asymmetric ground effected by the earthquake has the complicated dynamic interaction between the foundation and the ground due to the ground slope, the difference in soil resistance according to the shaking direction, and the ground movements. In this study, the 1g shaking table tests were conducted to confirm the effect of the slope of the sloping ground on the dynamic behavior of group piles supporting the superstructure installed at the berm of the sloping sandy soil which is the asymmetric ground. The result shows that the acceleration of the pile cap and the superstructure decrease as the slope of the sloping ground increase, and the slope of the dynamic p-y curve of the pile decrease.

• Journal of the Korean Geotechnical Society
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• v.23 no.3
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• pp.25-40
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• 2007

Excessive earth pressure is one of the major mechanical factors in the deformation and damage of Cut-and-Cover Tunnel lining in shallow tunnels and portals of mountain tunnels (Kim, 2000). Excessive earth pressure may be attributed to insufficient compaction and consolidation of backfill material due to self-weight, precipitation and vibration caused by traffic (Komiya et al., 2000; Taylor et al., 1984; Yoo, 1997). Even though there were a lot of tests performed to determine the earth pressure acting on the tunnel lining, unfortunately there were almost no case histories of studies performed to determine remedial measures that reduce differential settlement and excessive earth pressure. In this study the installation of geotextile mat was selected to reduce the differential settlement and excessive earth pressure acting on the cut-and-cover tunnel lining. In order to determine settlement and earth pressure reduction effect (reinforcement effect) of geotextile mat reinforcement, laboratory tunnel model tests were performed. This study was limited to the modeling of rigid circular cut-and-cover tunnel constructed at a depth of $1.0D\sim1.5D$ in loose sandy ground and subjected to a vibration frequency of 100 Hz. Model tests with varying soil cover, mat reinforcement scheme and slope roughness were performed to determine the most effective mat reinforcement scheme. Slope roughness was adjusted by attaching sandpaper #100, #400 and acetate on the cut slope surface. Mat reinforcement effect of each mat reinforcement scheme were presented by the comparison of earth pressure obtained from the unreinforced and mat reinforced model tests. Soil settlement reduction was analyzed and presented using the Picture Analysis Method (Park, 2003).

• KSCE Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering Research
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• v.26 no.1C
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• pp.63-72
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• 2006

Due to rapid development of many cities in Korea, many public facilities are required to be built as well as complementary civil structures. Consequently, a number of tunnel constructions are currently carried out throughout the country, and many more tunnels are planned to be constructed in the near future. Tunnel excavation in a city often causes serious damage to above-ground structures and sewer system because of unexpected settlement. In order to prevent the destruction, the tunnel, which bypasses the center of a city, must be specially evaluated for its influence to other structure. In addition, since a slight disturbance of above-ground structure causes numerous public complaints and civil appeals, it must be approached with different method than the mountain tunnels. In this paper, the evaluation method using the Artificial Neural Network (ANN) has been studied. The method begins with an analysis of the minimal sectional area. If its result can be used to approximate the general influence of the whole section, the actual evaluation using ANN will take off. In addition, it also studies the construction management method which reflects the real time soil behavior and environment influence during construction using Geographic Information System (GIS).

• Journal of Environmental Impact Assessment
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• v.32 no.6
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• pp.407-418
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• 2023

This study conducted an analysis of terrain change indicators in major development projects in Korea, examining the correlation between terrain change indicators to derive foundational terrain change metrics based on different land use and slope types. The aim is to contribute to sustainable development by enhancing the efficiency of land utilization and landscaping, while minimizing environmental impacts in future development endeavors. Additionally, to apply the research findings in practical contexts, domestic regulations related to terrain were surveyed, and the compatibility and usability between these regulations and research analysis results were discussed. Based on this, the study seeks to explore strategies for more accurate and useful utilization of terrain change indicators in future research. As a result, in the tourism development, terrain changes predominantly occur in the order of flat land, hillly land, and mountain land, with the analysis indicating higher terrain changes in undulating hilly and mountainous lands compared to flat land. Furthermore, in industrial complex development, very steep (20°-30°) and extreme (30°-40°) slopes; in urban development projects, steep slope (15°-20°); in athletic service facility and tourist development, steep (15°-20°) and very steep (20°-30°) exhibit higher average terrain change indicators compared to other slope categories. The findings of our study can contribute to the formulation of strategies aimed at minimizing terrain disturbance in future domestic development projects and serve as foundational data for environmental impact assessments.

• Journal of the Korean GEO-environmental Society
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• v.24 no.12
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• pp.5-11
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• 2023

Economic damage is occurring due to landslides and debris flows that occur when the ground artificially created for roads or photovoltaic power generation facilities is weakened by rainfall such as torrential rain. In order to understand the stability of the artificially created ground, it is very important to check the ground information such as the compositional state and mechanical characteristics of the stratum. However, since most of the investigation sites are steep slopes or there are no access roads, it is not easy to enter the drilling equipment commonly used to check ground information and perform standard penetration tests. In this study, a dynamic cone penetration test (DCP) device using a miniaturized auger drilling equipment and an automatic drop device was developed to check the cone resistance value and the dynamic cone penetration test value and analyze the correlation with the standard penetration test value to confirm its applicability at the mountain solar power generation site. As a result, the cone resistance value is q_d = 0.46 N and the dynamic cone penetration test value is N_d = 1.58 N, confirming a value similar to the results of existing researchers to secure its reliability.

• Korean Journal of Agricultural and Forest Meteorology
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• v.25 no.3
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• pp.117-128
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• 2023

Tree dieback in Geumgang pine forest has occurred in Uljin and Bonghwa since the 2010s. In order to identify status of tree dieback and prevent further damages, a monitoring project for tree dieback in Geumgang pine forest had been launched by Southern regional office of forest service in 2020. This study was conducted to understand the characteristics of tree dieback occurrence and assess the high risk areas using the occurrence data in the project. Pine tree dieback occurred frequently in areas with mountain ridges in high elevation, dry south-facing slopes, mature stands, and high temperature rise in winter. Furthermore, the result of risk assessment showed that 6.2 percent(5,294ha) of Geumgang pine forest(85,000 ha) in total study area are at high risk of tree dieback. As the pine trees in the high risk area are prone to experience the dieback due to temperature and drought-related extreme weather events, regular forest management activities are needed to reduce the drought stress of pine trees. Forest health management for the pine forest with high protection priority can be also useful strategy to counter the risk of decline. This results can be used as the basic information for the adaptive forest management to climate change.

• Journal of Korean Society of Rural Planning
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• v.30 no.3
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• pp.19-28
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• 2024

This study investigated and analyzed the landscape conservation activity promotion process targeting the 'Alassiasdeuli Community Farming Association Corporation', which is carrying out continuous rural landscape conservation activities led by local residents in the area of Yeohang Mountain, Yeohang-myeon, Haman-gun, Gyeongsangnam-do. Through this, the factors necessary to promote rural landscape conservation activities led by residents were identified, and implications necessary for rural landscape conservation activities led by residents were derived. The first factor that allowed Alassiasdeuli to pursue resident-led rural landscape conservation activities was the fact that an economically stable foundation was established before pursuing conservation activities. Rural landscape conservation activities are carried out based on continuous agricultural activities, and agriculture is closely related to the economic aspect. Accordingly, Alassiasdeuli had a small but regular income from the package business, and was able to carry out various rural landscape conservation activities based on this. Second, within the community, a sense of purpose for rural landscape conservation was shared as a common value. It started with common values that were in line with rural landscape conservation, such as an economic community based on agriculture, indigenous seed conservation, and eco-friendly agriculture, and later, awareness of traditional agriculture and rural landscape conservation was gradually established through members' continued empowerment and related experiences. It has been done. Third, various connections and cooperative relationships were established with residents, related organizations, and administration. We established cooperative relationships by recruiting local organizations and residents as active participants beyond program participation, and exchanged information and expanded the scope of activities by establishing networks with organizations such as the 'Gyeongnam Darang-Non Network'. In addition, through connection with administration, we experienced various projects and ensured the sustainability of activities through support. Fourth, there was a keyman who could organize activities and control the scale of support projects, taking into account the awareness and capabilities of members. In particular, it is thought that this was possible because the Secretary General was based on building a relationship of trust with residents before Alassiasdeuli was formed. Therefore, in order for resident-led rural landscape conservation activities to be continuously carried out, an organization must be formed centered on farmers, and the economic sustainability of the organization, sharing of common values, and trust relationships among members are the basis, and the Sustainable activities can be promoted through various cooperative relationships between residents, organizations, and administration.

• Journal of Industrial Convergence
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• v.22 no.7
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• pp.15-21
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• 2024

A hiking stick is generally one of the walking aids that allow hikers to walk while relying on their own bodies when walking. A rechargeable battery must be built into the hiking stick, which is an auxiliary device, in order to perform various functions. A separate power supply is required to charge the rechargeable battery. This study is about a self-generated power supply and develops a power generation device using a screw with higher power generation efficiency than the existing method. It is differentiated from the method suggested in this study by comparing and analyzing it with the existing power generation method, and identifying problems therewith. The screw-type power generation device generates power when the climbing stick comes into contact with the ground and when it is separated from the ground. The built-in power generation device does not require a separate power supply, and it can be used by attaching the role of a mobile phone auxiliary battery and a lighting lamp, and it has the effect of being able to find it through location tracking by embedding a GPS sensor, etc., and using lighting to keep the user safe in emergency situations such as distress. The existing generator with built-in mountain climbing stick is difficult to charge due to very weak current and low practicality, but the generator developed in this research could achieve high efficiency to obtain a sufficient current, so it is possible to charge a battery and practicality.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.37 no.4
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• pp.72-85
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• 2009

This study attempts to examine the principles of landscape composition for a 'Suhwon(書院)' and the meaning and value of its traditional landscape architecture, in order to apply the results to the design of modern landscape architecture. A 'Suhwon' is a vital space containing the form and meaning of human activity. This study analyzes the characteristics of landscape composition in the construction of the Namgea Suhwon, located in Hamyang, by examining the form and meaning of its area and composition. The Namgea Suhwon was constructed with a suitable configuration and harmony in a good location, neither field nor mountain, and which encompasses transcendence and a return after passage through a period of birth and abundance. Its appearance means 'life existence and hidden death(生居死幽)'. Its spatial system is a reflection of the idea of Samshinoje(三神五帝: The three abilities of Providence and its five subjects) connected with Ilsangje -Samshin -Ohje. It was built based on the idea of Biryebudong(非禮不動) meaning that one should follow only good decorum and avoid discourtesy, complying with "the frame of decorum" developed by the family rites of Chu Hsi. The environmental design of the Namgea Suhwon was interrupted by the material confrontation between mountains and water and a binary code system, such as front to rear, length to breadth, and movement to stillness. The design did not adhere to stiff axes, but pursued the harmonic principles of asymmetric balance in the building and the yard, which are very naturalistic. The name 'Namgea Suhwon' is closely related with the view of placement(置) and harmony(和), which are unified with the function and meaning formed by connecting Sung Confucianism with the Pungsu-Sasinsa structure in the layout of the grounds. When examining the D/H ratio of the building and yard, it can be seen that the spaces of Ganghak, Yusang and Jehyang were built appropriately, according to the natural characteristics of each space, such as a sense of openness, enclosure, tension, relief, enhancement, and hierarchical order. The spaces also reflect human scale concepts that take advantage of auditory features. The transition process after the construction of 'Namgea Suhwon' reveals the intentions of the builder to create an ecological landscape composition based on Placement and Harmony. Placement embodies' a purposeful space in which nature and the building are connected naturally, 'incomplete open space pursuing completion', and 'potential beauty in which tension and relaxation are repeated'. Harmony embodies 'order and continuity having a sense of unity with the natural environment' and the 'sharing of daily life and memory'. 'Namgea Suhwon' contains many ideas for landscape planning, land use and the design of a campus environment.