• Journal of The Korean Society of Integrative Medicine
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.155-167
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• 2022

Purpose : Accumulation of accurate data regarding the use and adequacy of subsidies is important to provide optimal development rehabilitation services. However, no reports have discussed the status regarding the use and adequacy of subsidies available for motor development rehabilitation as a part of development rehabilitation services in children and adolescents with cerebral palsy. In this study, we investigated the current use and subsidy adequacy of motor development rehabilitation as an essential part of development rehabilitation services in children and adolescents with cerebral palsy. Methods : The study included parents of children and adolescents with cerebral palsy, who underwent motor development rehabilitation of development rehabilitation services (n=148). The participants were administered a questionnaire to investigate the current use and subsidy adequacy of the motor development rehabilitation part of development rehabilitation services. Results : Most respondents indicated that 310,000-410,000 /month was an appropriate subsidy and agreed that the subsidy should be extended to adults with cerebral palsy. We observed a significant difference in the appropriate subsidy based on age groups (p=.029), as well as type of development rehabilitation service most needed (p=.005) and whether or not agree to extend the subsidy to adults according to gross motor function classification system level (p=.015). There were significant relations of appropriate subsidy (p<.001) and appropriateness of copay (p=.004) according to degree of transportation cost burden. Moreover, there were significant relations of appropriateness of current subsidy (p=.015) and appropriate subsidy (p<.001) according to degree of inconvenience of using transportation. Conclusion : This study highlights the need to increase subsidies for motor development rehabilitation of development rehabilitation services and that the subsidy should be determined based on the burden of transportation costs and the inconvenience of using transportation. Development rehabilitation service for adults with cerebral palsy should also be supported.

• The Journal of Korean Academy of Orthopedic Manual Physical Therapy
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.88-92
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• 2009

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of exercise on functional status in stroke patients. The understanding of the course of recovery after stroke and factors affecting outcomes are important in planning and evaluation of stroke rehabilitation. Methods: To predict the outcom of stroke patient, we measured in the beginnig of rehabilitation, on 36 patients. The variables were gender, age, duration of rehabilitation treatment, motor assessment scale(MAS). Results: The patient age in 50-59 years was 41.7%. The stroke left side motor weakness were found 55.6%. The duration of rehabilitation treatment in 2-3 months was 50.0%. In the difference 24.63 for motor assessment scale after a rehabilitation treatment had significantly higher than 10.86 for motor assessment scale at initial. Gender by motor assessment scale after a rehabilitation treatment was 25.7 in male and 23.2 in female(P<0.05). Past history by motor assessment scale after a rehabilitation treatment was 26.7 in hypertension, 24.6 in cardiac disorder and 21.8 in diabetes mellitus(P<0.05). Conclusion: The subjective symptoms of motor assessment scale after a rehabilitation treatment was significantly associated with gender.

• Journal of Korean Physical Therapy Science
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.333-352
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• 2000

The objective of this study was to identify the effects of the cognitive performance of stroke patients on their motor function recovery after comprehensive rehabilitation management. The subjects of this study were 41 stroke in-patients of the Rehabilitation Hospital, College of Medicine, Yonsei University, hospitalized during the period from September 1, 1997 to May 5, 1998. The cognitive performance was measured using a Mini-Mental State Examination(MMSE) and the motor function recovery using Motor Assessment Scale(MAS). The data were analyzed by the paired t-test, independent t-test, a one way ANOVA, and Pearson's correlation coefficiency. The findings were as follows: 1. There was a significant difference found in the motor function recovery level after the comprehensive rehabilitation management. 2. There was no significant difference found in relation to sex, age, cause of stroke, laterality of paralysis and the level of spasticity. However, there was a big difference between pre- and post-treatment regarding the treatment period. 3. In line with the cognitive performance level, there was a significant difference found in the motor function recovery level after the comprehensive rehabilitation management. 4. The correlation between the elements of the cognitive performance and the motor recovery was found to be high in orientation, attention, calculation, and language. Those elements were expected to give larger effects on motor recovery after the comprehensive rehabilitation management. Based on this study, the cognitive performance level was found to play an important role in bringing effects on motor recovery after the comprehensive rehabilitation management of stroke patients. And the evaluation on the motor recovery based on quality would be also expected to be examined, as well as the cognitive performance level test accompanied by Intelligence Quality(IQ) test.

• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.433-444
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• 2001

This review highlights the ontogenesis and the differentiation of motor neuron in spinal cord, and introduce the survival motor neuron(SMN) which is associated with growth and survival of motor neurons. The differentiation of floor plate cells and motor neurons in the vertebrate neural tube appears to be induced by signals from the notochord. This signal is Sonic hedgehog(Shh). The early development of motor neurons involves the inductive action of Shh. The SMN gene is essential for embryonic viability. SMN mRNA is also expressed in virtually all cell types in spinal cord, including large motor neurons. The SMN protein is involved in RNA processing and during early embryonic development is necessary fer cell survival. Two SMN genes are present in 5q 13 in humans: the telomeric gene(SMNt), which is the SMA-determining gene, and the centromeric analog gene(SMNc). The majority of transcripts from the SMNt gene are full length but, major transcripts of the SMNc gene have a high degrees of alternative splicing and tend to have little or no exon 7. The SMN is involved in the RNA processing(the biogenesis of snRNPs and pre-mRNA splicing), the anti-apoptotic effects, and regulating gene expression.

• Physical Therapy Korea
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• v.12 no.3
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• pp.31-38
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• 2005

The purpose of this study was to investigate the characteristics of cognitive development and motor development in children with developmental delays. Subjects were 43 children with a mean corrected age of 19.19 month (SD=7.48). The Gross Motor Function Measure (GMFM) and the Bayley Scale of Infant Development-second edition (BSID-II) were administered to the total children. Statistical analysis was done by paired t-test and Pearson correlation, using SPSS software. The results were as follows: 1) Most of the children with developmental delays showed statistical delays on the mental scale rather than on the motor scale. 2) The correlation coefficients of cognitive performance and motor performance were ranged between r=.38 and r=.83 in children with developmental delays. 3) Lower motor performance showed significant association with lower cognitive score. The findings suggest that cognitive and motor performance in children with developmental delays was significantly correlated.

• Journal of Electrodiagnosis and Neuromuscular Diseases
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.98-105
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• 2018

Objective: To evaluate whether the increase of the amplitude of motor evoked potentials (MEPs) during surgery can imply favorable prognosis postoperatively in spinal cord tumor surgery. Method: MEPs were monitored in patients who underwent spinal cord tumor surgery between March 2016 and March 2018. Amplitude changes at the end of monitoring compared to the baselines in limb muscle were analyzed. Minimum and maximum changes were set to $MEP_{min}$ (%) and $MEP_{max}$ (%). Strengths of bilateral 10 key muscles which were documented a day before ($Motor_{pre}$), 48 h ($Motor_{48h}$) and 4 weeks ($Motor_{4wk}$) after the surgery were reviewed. Results: Difference of $Motor_{48h}$ from $Motor_{pre}$ ($Motor_{48h-pre}$) and $Motor_{4wk}$ from $Motor_{pre}$ ($Motor_{4wk-pre}$) positively correlated with $MEP_{min}$, suggesting that smaller the difference of MEPs amplitude, less recovery of muscle strength. There was a negative correlation between the amount of bleeding and $MEP_{min}$, indicating that the greater the amount of bleeding, the smaller the $MEP_{min}$, implying that MEPs amplitude is less likely to improve when the amount of bleeding is large. It also showed significant difference between patients with improved or no change of motor status and patients with motor deterioration after surgery according to anatomical tumor types. Conclusion: Improve of muscle strength was less when the increase of MEPs amplitude was small, and improvement of MEPs amplitude was less when the amount of bleeding was large. Correlation between changes of status of muscle strength after surgery and tumor types was observed. With amplitude increase in MEPs monitoring, restoration of muscle strength can be expected.

• PNF and Movement
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• v.7 no.4
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• pp.45-53
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• 2009

Purpose : The purpose of this article was to review the literature on mirror neuron system with reference to its functional diversity in stroke rehabilitation.. Method : This review outlines scientific findings regarding different neurophysiological properties in mirror neurons, and discusses their involvement in process of stroke rehabilitation. Result & Conclusions : Mirror neurons were first discovered in macaque monkey. These neurons, like most neurons in F5 areas in premotor cortex, fired when an individual performs an action, as well as when he/she observes a similar action done by another individual, although originally fired only during action execution. Mirror neurons form a network for motor planning and initiating of motor action. Thus, in stroke rehabilitation based on the mirror neuron-action observation, motor imagery, observation with intent to imitate and imitation-may help activate mirror neuron system for improved outcome of physical therapy. These studies provide a scientific theoretical basis and discuss for the use of mirror neuron system as a complement to clinical physical therapy in stroke rehabilitation.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Precision Engineering
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• v.28 no.8
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• pp.992-999
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• 2011

The recent power add-on drive wheelchairs (PADWs) provide greater physical activity, are easier to transport, and may be an excellent alternative for the typical manual or electric wheelchairs. The development of in-wheel motor for a PADW is the principal issues. In this paper, design, implementation, and testing of the permanent magnet synchronous motor (PMSM) for a PADW are presented. To design output power and torque of the motor, the equation of motion has been investigated. The design parameters were calculated and the dimension and shape of the motor which was limited by the In-wheel mechanism of the PADW were done by applying FEM and optimal design technique. The prototype of the motor mentioned above was fabricated with precise machining and assembling. Then the motor tested on dynamometer and the measured results of the motor were verified by comparing the design results. The fabricated motor was 80 mm in length with a diameter of 110 mm and small enough to be attached the driving unit of the PADW.

• Physical Therapy Korea
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.97-106
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• 2001

Physical therapists should under stand motor control models and apply various models to evaluation and treatment of neurologically impaired patients. Thus, this paper reviews motor control models and applications in clinical settings. Assumptions and limitations of reflex models, hierarchical models, and systems models are presented. This paper also delineates goals and dissatisfaction of neurologic rehabilitation approaches for neurologically impaired patients. Muscle reeducation approach, neurotherapeutic facilitation approach, and contemporary task-oriented approach are explained.

• The Journal of the Korea institute of electronic communication sciences
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• v.14 no.5
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• pp.1009-1018
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• 2019

This paper describes the design and implementation of a rehabilitation medical device based on a EMG measurement. Rehabilitation systems are controlled using BLDC motors and motor drives. The BLDC motor drive controls the operation and the speed controls the drive through the external servo motor. In addition, potentiometer coupled to the outside of the motor transmits information about the position of the load being rotated by the motor. The rehabilitation algorithm is controlled by limiting the maximum angle of 0 to 120 by utilizing the motor according to the user setting stage during the rehabilitation exercise. The walking algorithm compensates motor control for the low leg of the signal using the difference value of the signal obtained with the surface denser attached to both inner muscles. The motor and surface denser are utilized for the walk motion to control the maximum angle of 0 to 80.