• The Korean Journal of Pain
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• 제10권1호
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• pp.21-27
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• 1997

Background : Previous studies have proven beneficial in labor analgesia to use subarachnoid sufentanil(alone or with adjuvant) on parturients in early first stage of labor. We designed this prospective study to evaluate analgesic efficacy and side effects of subarachnoid sufentanil plus bupivacaine in women with cervical dilatation of 7 cm greater. Methods : This was an open-label, nonrandomized trial of 32 parturients in late first stage labor who requested labor analgesia. After signing the consent form each patient received subarachnoid sufentanil (10 ${\mu}g$) and bupivacaine (2.5 mg). Patients were asked to rate their verbal pain score (0-10 scale) before regional anesthesia and 5 minutes after subarachnoid injection, and every 20 minutes thereafter until delivery or request for additional analgesia. Blood pressure, pruritus, Bromage motor block score, mode of delivery and need for supplemental analgesics were recorded. Results : Thirty women were included in the study. Mean pain scores (mean${\pm}$SD) were $8.7{\pm}1.0$ pre-spinal, $0.7{\pm}1.5$ 5 minutes post-injection, and remained less than 5 for 130 minutes after spinal injection. Of 30 patients, 24 had unassisted vaginal delivery, 4 instrumental vaginal delivery (vacuum), and 2 cesarean delivery. Of 28 patients who delivered vaginally, 19 did not require supplemental analgesics and had a delivery pain score of 5 or lower. Blood pressure decreased in three patients after spinal analgesia (p<0.05), which necessitated treatment. The Bromage motor block score was 0 in 26 patients and 1 in 4 patients. Pruritus was noted in 22 patients. Conclusion : Subarachnoid sufentanil-bupivacaine provides rapid analgesia for an effective duration of approximately 130 minutes in parturients in late first stage of labor.

• The Korean Journal of Pain
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• 제30권3호
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• pp.207-213
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• 2017

Background: Surgeon satisfaction and patient analgesia during the procedure of laparoscopic surgery are important issues. The aim of this work was to study if an intrathecal (IT) Bupivacaine combined with Magnesium sulfate may or may not provide good surgeon satisfaction in addition to improvement of intraoperative and postoperative analgesia. Methods: Sixty female patients were enrolled in this prospective, randomized, double-blind controlled clinical trial study. All patients were operated for gynecological laparoscopic surgery under spinal anesthesia. Patients were divided into two groups (Bupivacaine and Magnesium). Group Bupivacaine (30 patients) received intrathecal Bupivacaine 0.5% only (15 mg), while 30 patients in group Magnesium received intrathecal Bupivacaine (15 mg) in addition to intrathecal Magnesium sulfate (50 mg). The sensory block level, the intensity of motor block, the surgeon satisfaction, the intraoperative visual analog scale (VAS) for pain assessment, the postoperative VAS, and side effects were recorded during the intraoperative period and within the first 24 hours after surgery in the post-anesthesia care unit. Results: Surgeon satisfaction, intraoperative shoulder pain, postoperative pain after 2 h, and perioperative analgesic consumption (ketorolac) were significant better in group Magnesium than in group Bupivacaine. (P < 0.05). The onset of motor and sensory blocks was significant longer in group Magnesium than the other one. The incidence of PONV, pruritus and urinary retention was insignificant statistically between both groups. Conclusions: Magnesium sulfate if used intrathecally as an adjuvant to Bupivacaine would provide a better surgeon satisfaction and would improve the analgesic effect of spinal anesthesia used for gynecological laparoscopic surgery.

• The Korean Journal of Pain
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• 제29권3호
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• pp.179-184
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• 2016

Background: Recently, ultrasound has been commonly used. Ultrasound-guided interscalene brachial plexus block (IBPB) by posterior approach is more commonly used because anterior approach has been reported to have the risk of phrenic nerve injury. However, posterior approach also has the risk of causing nerve injury because there are risks of encountering dorsal scapular nerve (DSN) and long thoracic nerve (LTN). Therefore, the aim of this study was to evaluate the risk of encountering DSN and LTN during ultrasound-guided IBPB by posterior approach. Methods: A total of 70 patients who were scheduled for shoulder surgery were enrolled in this study. After deciding insertion site with ultrasound, awake ultrasound-guided IBPB with nerve stimulator by posterior approach was performed. Incidence of muscle twitches (rhomboids, levator scapulae, and serratus anterior muscles) and current intensity immediately before muscle twitches disappeared were recorded. Results: Of the total 70 cases, DSN was encountered in 44 cases (62.8%) and LTN was encountered in 15 cases (21.4%). Both nerves were encountered in 10 cases (14.3%). Neither was encountered in 21 cases (30.4%). The average current measured immediately before the disappearance of muscle twitches was 0.44 mA and 0.50 mA at DSN and LTN, respectively. Conclusions: Physicians should be cautious on the risk of injury related to the anatomical structures of nerves, including DSN and LTN, during ultrasound-guided IBPB by posterior approach. Nerve stimulator could be another option for a safer intervention. Moreover, if there is a motor response, it is recommended to select another way to secure better safety.

• 전자공학회논문지S
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• 제35S권8호
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• pp.106-112
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• 1998

최근에 영상 및 음성 데이터의 양은 크게 증가하고 있다. 이러한 경향에 따라 고밀도 자기기록 시스템이 필요하게 되었고 테이프의 트랙은 더욱 더 좁아지게 되었다. 따라서 DVCR(digital video cassette recorder)에서는 재생시에 캡스탄 모터의 속도와 위상을 정밀하게 제어하여, 헤드가 트랙을 따라 정확하게 주행하도록 유지시켜주는 캡스탄 서보시스템이 필요하게 되었다. 이를 위하여 DVCR에서는 ATF(Automatic Track Following)방식을 사용한다. 본 논문에서는 이산 푸리에 변환(discrete Fourier transform)을 이용한 새로운 DVCR용 ATF 블록의 설계방법을 제안하였다. 제안한 ATF 블록을 ALTERA사의 FPGA에 구현하여 실제 DVCR 시스템에서 그 성능을 시험하였다. 실험을 통하여 본 논문에서 제안한 방식이 기존의 디지털 저역통과필터(lowpass filter)를 사용한 구현법에 비해 비용면에서 더 효과적임을 검증하였다. 또한 로직게이트 수가 기존의 방법에 비하여 약 20% 감소함을 확인하였다.

• 대한기계학회논문집
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• 제16권1호
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• pp.156-161
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• 1992

본 연구에서는 이송축 직류 서보 모터의 전류신호와 NC정보를 이용해서 선삭 가공상태를 감시하는 시스템을 개발하였다. 모터 전류는 가공 부하의 상태를 잘 나 타내며, NC 장치에 내장되어 있기 때문에 신호 검출을 위한 별도의 센서가 필요 없어 서 공구가 수시로 바뀌는 NC작업 감시를 위한 유효한 신호이다. 또 NC 정보로부터 작업을 예측함으로써 감시 대상을 명확히 하고 신뢰성을 높이고자 하였다. 전체적인 감시 시스템의 프로그래밍 언어로는 C를 사용하여, 실시간 감시처리를 가능하게 하였 다.

• 한국산학기술학회논문지
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• 제8권2호
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• pp.212-218
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• 2007

본 논문에서는 MATLAB/SIMULINK와 dSPACE DS1104를 이용하여 유도 전동기의 속도 센서리스 벡터제어를 구현하였다. 유도 전동기의 속도 센서리스 벡터제어의 운전특성을 개선하기 위하여 전압 모델 자속 추정방식과 전류 모델 자속 추정방식을 혼합한 자속 추정기 알고리즘을 도입하여 정밀도가 높은 개선된 자속 추정방식을 사용하였다. 또한 추정된 자속을 이용하여 회전자 속도를 추정하고 이를 유도전동기의 속도 제어에 사용하였다. 전체 시스템은 직접벡터제어 방식을 기반으로 일반적인 PI 제어기를 사용한 속도 제어기, 전류 제어기, 자속 제어기로 구성하였다. MATLAB/SIMULINK를 이용하여 블록다이어그램 방식으로 속도 센서리스 벡터제어 알고리즘을 구현하였고, dSPACE DS1104의 제어보드와 Real-Time-Interface(RTI)를 이용하여 실시간 제어를 수행하였다.

• 대한한방내과학회지
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• 제39권2호
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• pp.147-153
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• 2018

Objective: The purpose of this case report is to evaluate the effect of electroacupuncture on Pal-sa (EX-UE9) for unilateral motor disturbance of the hand after cerebral infarction. Methods: One patient with unilateral motor disturbance of the hand following cerebral infarction (right basal ganglion and corona radiata) was treated with acupuncture, herbal medication, and electroacupuncture on Pal-sa (EX-UE9) once daily from June 30, 2016 to July 4, 2016. We evaluated improvement using the Box and Block Test (BTT) and 10-seconds Test, including the Finger Individual Movement Test (FIMT), the Hand Pronation and Supination Test (HPST), and the Finger Tapping Test (FTT). Results: After five days of treatment, increase of FIMT and FTT scores was observed after electroacupuncture on Pal-sa (EX-UE9). However, no increase was observed in BBT or HPST scores. Conclusions: This study suggests that electroacupuncture on Pal-sa (EX-UE9) can help treat motor disturbance of the hand after cerebral infarction.

• The Korean Journal of Pain
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• 제12권1호
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• pp.48-53
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• 1999

Background: Despite the popularity of epidural bupivacaine-morphine infusions for postoperative pain management, the optimum concentrations and dosages of bupivacaine have not been determined. At present, due to the disadvantages conferred by intense motor block and the increased risk of toxicity, many trials focus on reducing bupivacaine concentration and thus the evaluation of concentrations less than 0.1% may be warranted. Methods: Forty patients having epiduro-general anesthesia for hysterectomy were randomly assigned to one of two study groups. As a mean of postoperative pain control, all received 2 mg of epidural morphine bolusly 1 hr before the end of surgery and continuous epidural infusion was started using a two-day Infusor containing 4 mg of morphine in 100 ml of 0.125% bupivacaine (Group 0.125B, n=20) or 100 ml of 0.0625% bupivacaine (Group 0.0625B, n=20). Study endpoints included visual analog scales (VAS) for pain during rest and movement, sensory change and motor blockade. They were assessed at 2, 4, 8, 16, 24, 32, 40 and 48 hrs postoperatively. Results: For VAS during rest, no significance could be found between two groups over the course of study. But for VAS during movement, the 0.125B group showed more satisfactory results especially during early postoperative periods. For the incidence of complications, the 0.125B group revealed greater frequency of sensory change (25.0%) and motor blockade (10.0%) compared with the 0.0625B group. Conclusion: This study suggests that 0.0625% bupivacaine with morphine via epidural route was sufficient for pain control during rest but it was not satisfactory during movement especially in early postoperative periods. We also recommend that careful attention to motor blockade should be paid when using 0.125% bupivacaine.

• The Korean Journal of Pain
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• 제14권1호
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• pp.118-122
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• 2001

Complex regional pain syndrome type I of vascular origin is difficult to detect unless the classic symptoms and signs exist and/or overt extremity trauma has precipitated the pain. The diagnosis is confirmed by relief of pain following a sympathetic nerve blockade. A 36-year-old woman with arterial occlusive disease of the right lower extremity presented with burning pain and hyperesthesia after sprain had occurred which was accompanied by motor weakness of right ankle. A lumbar sympathetic ganglion blockade with 2% lidocaine 10 ml and triamcinolone 80 mg produced prompt improvement of the pain and motion.

• 한국산업융합학회 논문집
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• 제22권6호
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• pp.711-719
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• 2019

At present, wind power is the fastest growing technology in the world. The domestic market depends heavily on imports for wind tower lift. so it manage through the overseas maker. The lift manufacture, establishment and maintenance utility is increasing, localization development of one wind tower lift is necessary with domestic fundamental base technique. In this paper, we will study the components necessary for the development of onshore offshore wind tower elevators, which are currently dependent on total imports, in line with the high growth of the wind market and the enlargement of the wind power generators. First of all, endless winders and cabins, which are the core components of the offshore wind tower lift, were examined for the components that affect the structural safety. Structural analysis was performed on Sheave, which is responsible for most of the lift lifting loads, and Block Stop, a safety device that prevents the cabin from falling in an emergency. The structural suitability was evaluated by comparing with the safety factor. In addition, the on-board control panel combines the control panel of the elevator and the drive motor driving the endless winder for efficient control of the offshore wind tower lift. The addition of features improves ride comfort at departure.