• 한국정보과학회논문지:컴퓨팅의 실제 및 레터
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• 제9권3호
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• pp.322-331
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• 2003

3차원 게임은 게임 시나리오의 다양한 요소에 의한 복잡도가 증가함에 따라 게임 객체들의 상호 관계를 제어하기 위한 문제점을 가진다. 그러므로, 게임 시스템은 각 게임 객체들의 응답을 조정하는 방법의 필요성을 가진다. 또한, 게임 시나리오의 결과에 따라 게임 객체들의 행동 애니메이션을 제어하기 위한 개념들도 필요하다. 사실적 게임 시뮬레이션을 생성하기 위해 시스템은 게임 객체들의 상호작용을 디자인 할 수 있는 구조를 포함해야 한다. 본 논문에서 게임 시나리오상에 게임 객체들의 상호작용 설계를 위해 동적 제어를 디자인하는 기법을 소개한다. 이 방법을 위해 특정 규칙을 이용한 의사결정이 가능한 지능적 에이전트 기반 구조로써 게임 에이전트 시스템을 제안한다. 게임 에이전트 시스템은 환경 데이터 처리, 게임 객체 시뮬레이션, 게임 객체들간의 상호작용 제어, 게임 객체들의 다양한 상호 관계를 정의할수 있는 시각 저작 인터페이스를 제공하기 위해 이용되어진다. 이들 기술들은 게임 객체의 자율성과 연관된 충돌 회피 기법 등을 처리한다. 또한, 장면의 변경으로부터 게임 객체들의 일관된 의사 결정력을 가능하게 한다. 본 논문에서는 규칙기반 행동 제어가 게임 객체의 시뮬레이션을 안내하기 위해 디자인되어졌다. 시각적 요소들로 구성된 에이전트 상태 결정 네트워크는 정보전달과 게임 객체들 사이의 현상태를 추론할 수 있다. 이들 기법들은 실시간으로 게임 객체들간의 동작 상태 변이를 체크하고 모니터링 할 수 있다. 마지막으로 간단한 사례 연구 예와 함께 제어 기법의 타당성을 제시한다.

• 복식문화연구
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• 제23권4호
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• pp.554-568
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• 2015

Technological change leads to a value shift in human society. Various cultural experiences through the digital paradigm influence the expression of fashion. This article considers fashion film as a new form for presenting fashion and explores the distinctiveness of expression in digital fashion film. For the methodology, a literature review was conducted to examine the concepts and features of digital fashion film and metareality. Empirical research was also performed by drawing from Nick Knight's digital films, "Sans Couture", "#asif", and "The Elegant Universe" and by specifically analyzing the classification of the themes, visuals, and auditory expression. The results are as follows. The proliferation of fashion film has accelerated in the internet environment. New media in the digital era allows images to become more realistic and variable through immaterial conversion. Metareality is the notion of a reality beyond existence. A metarealistic image maintains the metaphysical nature of an object and transcends empirical appearance. It possesses immaterial, transboundary, and multidimensional features, and the image is realized by digital technology. The expression analysis identifies the metareality expressed in contemporary fashion film appearing as atypical forms, irrational combinations, and the playfulness of motion. It shows a positive attitude, transcending the immaterial limit of reality toward fashion. This study indicates how fashion as products challenges the metaphysical transformation in the digital era. The exploration of metareality in digital fashion film promotes a wider perspective and understanding of the concept of fashion.

• 한국환경복원기술학회지
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• 제22권6호
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• pp.1-14
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• 2019

Carbon storage is one of the regulating ecosystem services provided by urban street trees. It is important that evaluating the economic value of ecosystem services accurately. The carbon storage of street trees was calculated by measuring the morphological parameter on the field. As the method is labor-intensive and time-consuming for the macro-scale research, remote sensing has been more widely used. The airborne Light Detection And Ranging (LiDAR) is used in obtaining the point clouds data of a densely planted area and extracting individual trees for the carbon storage estimation. However, the LiDAR has limitations such as high cost and complicated operations. In addition, trees change over time they need to be frequently. Therefore, Structure from Motion (SfM) photogrammetry with unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) is a more suitable method for obtaining point clouds data. In this paper, a UAV loaded with a digital camera was employed to take oblique aerial images for generating point cloud of street trees. We extracted the diameter of breast height (DBH) from generated point cloud data to calculate the carbon storage. We compared DBH calculated from UAV data and measured data from the field in the selected area. The calculated DBH was used to estimate the carbon storage of street trees in the study area using a regression model. The results demonstrate the feasibility and effectiveness of applying UAV imagery and SfM technique to the carbon storage estimation of street trees. The technique can contribute to efficiently building inventories of the carbon storage of street trees in urban areas.

• Clinics in Shoulder and Elbow
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• 제21권2호
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• pp.59-66
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• 2018

Background: Massive, irreparable rotator cuff tears (RCTs) are a challenging clinical problem in young patients. In recent years, arthroscopic superior capsular reconstruction (ASCR) is a popular treatment in the massive, irreparable RCTs. However, studies reporting clinical results of ASCR are rare in the literature. Methods: Between 2013 and 2015, six patients underwent ASCR. One patient treated with dermal allograft, while five patients with autogenous fascia lata graft. Demographic data, as well as preoperative and last follow-up clinical data including pain, range of motion (ROM), strength, American Shoulder and Elbow Surgeons system, the Constant system, the University of California at Los Angeles system, the Simple Shoulder Test, and the Shoulder Pain and Disability Index system were obtained. Acromiohumeral distances and Hamada classification were measured on standard anteroposterior x-ray. Results: All patients were men, and the average age was $59.5{\pm}4.18years$ (range, 53-65 years).The minimum follow-up was 18 months with a mean follow-up was $27.33{\pm}7.58months$ (range, 18-36). All patients had postoperative improvement in pain scores and functional scores. The ROM and strength did not improve after surgery. The Hamada score progressed of radiographic stage in 2 patients. In the case of dermal allograft, there was graft failure 6 weeks after ASCR. Conclusions: Our results support the ASCR as a viable treatment for surgical salvage in massive, irreparable RCTs. This treatment option may provide patients with decreased pain and increased function. And studying our case of dermal allograft failure provides opportunities to decrease graft failure in ASCR using dermal allograft.

• 한국콘텐츠학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국콘텐츠학회 2006년도 추계 종합학술대회 논문집
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• pp.631-634
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• 2006

우리나라의 국민표준체위조사는 1979년 1차 조사를 시작으로 약 5-6년 주기로 실시되고 있다. 국민체위조사 결과를 기반으로 의류, 신발, 가구 등 관련 산업의 제품 설계에 반영되었다. 본 논문에서는 국민표준 체위조사 결과 자료를 기본으로 성별, 연령별, 체형별로 사용자를 분류한 후 체형별 분류를 위한 인체측정치를 도출하였다. 도출된 인체측정치의 상관관계를 분석, 대표적인 항목 도출 등의 과정을 통하여 3D 캐릭터를 구성하였다. 구성을 위한 과정으로 골프, 테니스 등의 스포츠 동작을 효율적으로 나타낼 수 있는 인체 측정치를 도출하였다. 항목이 결정되면 각 타입의 3D 캐릭터를 구성 할 수 있는 치수를 제시하여 생성하였다. 스포츠의 자세 및 동작 분석에 대한 이론적 접근에서 가시적인 정보제공 및 자세 동작분석 프로토콜을 개발함으로서 자세 및 동작에 대한 정량적, 객관적 평가가 가능해졌다.

• 대한족부족관절학회지
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• 제8권1호
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• pp.86-91
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• 2004

Purpose: To evaluate the methods and results of the surgical treatment in the trimalleolar fracture of the ankle. Materials and Methods: We analysed the results of the ankle trimalleolar fracture which were treated with open reduction and internal fixation from January 1999 till September 2003. There were 45 patients who had at least six months follow up, 16 men, and 29 women. We have analysed the mechanism of injury, methods of operation and postoperative complications. Results: The results were assessed on ankle AP, lateral and mortise X-rays and retrospective chart review. There were 30 supination-external rotation, 13 pronation-external rotation, 2 pronation-abduction in the mechanism of injury by Lauge-Hansen classification. Cases of the posterior malleolar fracture which involved more than 25% of the weight bearing surface were 7 (15.6%). Medial malleolar mono-fixation was done in 5 cases, fibular mono-fixation in 2 cases, bimalleolar fixation in 32 cases, trimalleolar fixation in 6 cases. 38 cases (84.4%) were good or excellent in clincal assessment and 39 cases (86.7%) were good or excellent in radiological assessment according to the criteria of the Meyer. There was no difference of results among the surgical treatment methods. Conclusion: The results of our study indicate that the rigid fixation with early ankle motion and weight bearing is needed in ankle trimalleolar fracture. But minimal fixation is not bad in slight displaced fracture. Both anterior approach and posterior approach were useful methods to stabilization the posterior malleolar fracture. And pre-operative evaluation to detect the hidden soft tissue injuries and fracture mechanism is very important to avoid the failure.

• 대한족부족관절학회지
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• 제1권1호
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• pp.51-58
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• 1997

The purpose of this study is to evalute the efficacy af the Ilizarov external fixation for the surgical treatment. of the tibial plafond fractures. We reviewed retrospectively fourteen cases of tibial plafond fractures with moderate to severe soft. tissue damage, which were fixed with Ilizarov external fixator. Using the AO Muler classification, there were four Type C1 fractures, six Type C2 and four Type C3. In most, of the cases, the ankles were operated on with other associated fractures within a few days after injury. We reduced the fracture indirectly by soft issue taxis and fixed externally across the ankle joint. using the circular external fixator with tensioned wires and ankle hinge. In cases of inadequate closed reduction, we applied limited open reduction and internal fixation. Range of motion exercise began immediately. Postoperative follow-up averaged fourteen months (ranges, 8-30 months). Overall clinical results rated good or excellent in 7 cases, fair in 4 and poor in 3. There were three cases of pin tract infection which were resolved with short-term antibiotics and local care; one delayed wound closure in a patient. whose fracture was associated with Type III open wound; one wound slough in a patient associated with Type II open wound, which was closed later by skin graft; and one osteoarthritis. From this review, we concluded that cross-ankle circular external fixation with tensioned wires with or without. limited open reduction is a reasonable alternative for the treatment of the tibial plafond fractures with severe soft tissue damage.

• Clinics in Shoulder and Elbow
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• 제20권4호
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• pp.217-221
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• 2017

Background: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the clinical and radiographic outcomes of internal fixation with locking T-plates for osteoporotic fractures of the proximal humerus in patients aged 65 years and older. Methods: From January 2007 through to December 2015, we recruited 47 patients aged 65 years and older with osteoporotic fractures of the proximal humerus. All fractures had been treated using open reduction and internal fixation with a locking T-plate. We classified the fractures in accordance to the Neer classification system; At the final follow-up, the indicators of clinical outcome-the range of motion of the shoulder (flexion, internal rotation, and external rotation) and the presence of postoperative complications-and the indicators of radiographic outcome-the time-to-union and the neck-shaft angle of the proximal humerus-were evaluated. The Paavolainen method was used to grade the level of radiological outcome in the patients. Results: The mean flexion was $155.0^{\circ}$ (range, $90^{\circ}-180^{\circ}$), the mean internal rotation was T8 (range, T6-L2), and the mean external rotation was $66.8^{\circ}$ (range, $30^{\circ}-80^{\circ}$). Postoperative complications, such as plate impingement, screw loosening, and varus malunion were observed in five patient. We found that all patients achieved bone union, and the mean time-to-union was 13.5 weeks of the treatment. The mean neck-shaft angle was $131.4^{\circ}$ at the 6-month follow-up. According to the Paavolainen method, "good" and "fair" radiographic results each accounted for 38 and 9 of the total patients, respectively. Conclusions: We concluded that locking T-plate fixation leads to satisfactory clinical and radiological outcomes in elderly patients with proximal humeral fractures by providing a larger surface area of contact with the fracture and a more rigid fixation.

• 한국감성과학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국감성과학회 2003년도 춘계학술대회 논문집
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• pp.134-140
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• 2003

우리나라의 국민표준체위조사는 1979년 1차 조사를 시작으로 약 5∼6년 주기로 실시되고 있으며, 1997년 제4차 조사가 실시되었다. 국민체위조사 결과를 기반으로 의로, 신발, 가구 등 관련산업에 제품설계에 반영되었다. 본 논문에서는 국민표준체위조사 결과 자료를 기본으로 성별, 연령별, 체형별로 사용자를 분류한 수 체현별 분류를 위한 인체측정치를 도출하였다. 도출된 인체측정치의 상관관계를 분석, 대표적인 항목 도출 등의 과정을 통하여 3D캐릭터를 구성하였다. 구성을 위한 과정으로 골프, 테니스 등의 스포츠 동작을 효율적으로 나타낼 수 있는 치수를 제시하여 생성하였다. 스포츠의 자세 및 동작 분석에 대한 이론적 접근에서 가시적인 정보제공 및 자세·동작 분석 프로토콜을 개발함으로서 자세 및 종작에 대한 정략적, 객관적 평가가 가능해졌다.

• Archives of Reconstructive Microsurgery
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• 제2권1호
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• pp.13-19
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• 1993

Although the etiology of $Kienb\"{o}ck's$ disease is clearly related to avascular changes in the lunate, but the actual cause leading to this vascular impairment has remained elusive. Therefore, a great many different surgical procedures have been proposed for the correction of the multiple factors leading to lunate collapse or for the treatment of the lunatomalacia. The treatment modalities includes lunate excision, intercarpal arthrodesis, lunate implant resection arthroplasty, joint levelling operation(e.g ulnar lengthening & radial shortening), pronater quadratus pedicle graft and vascular loop graft. In the period from Jan. 1981 to Dec. 1992, we performed operative treatment in 19 cases of $Kienb\"{o}ck's$ disease. Among them, 6 cases were treated with vascular loop graft. We analysed all patients who were treated with vascular loop graft after followed up of 4 year 6 months, on an average(range from 1 year to 8 year 10 months). The results analysed are as follows, 1. All cases were stage III according to Lichtman's classification. 2. Ulnar variance was -1.5(range$-2{\sim}0$), on an average. 3. The average age of patients were 37.7years old(range 31-41). 4. Postoperatively, there were considerable restoration of range of motion and complete relief of pain in all cases, but continued decrease of grip power in one case. 5. Decreased sclerosis, loss of fragmentation and new bone formation were appeared in the last follow up film, in all cases. The vascular loop graft considered as a useful method for the treatment of the $Kienb\"{o}ck's$ disease.