• Korean Journal of Environmental Biology
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• v.37 no.3
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• pp.426-432
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• 2019

The aim of the present study was to investigate the temporal changes of moth communities in two forest types of the agroecosystem in the southwestern part of Korea, an isolated hillock forest and a continuous mountain forest. Temporal changes in the numbers of moth species and individuals at both forests showed no significant difference, although the numbers of individuals in the isolated hillock forest were decreased. The relationship between changes in moths and body size based on wingspan revealed that the larger moths decreased more in the isolated hillock forest, whereas no effect of body size on change of moths was observed in continuous mountain forest samples. Non-metric multidimensional scaling resulted in the grouping of moth communities by forest types and 10-year time intervals. In the future, long-term monitoring is needed to track the changes in moth communities in agroecosystems. Additionally, we need to investigate the effect of other ecological variables on changes in moth diversity.

• The Korean Journal of Pesticide Science
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• v.16 no.4
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• pp.387-390
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• 2012

Beet armyworm (Spodoptera exigua), diamondback moth (Plutella xylostella) and tobacco cutworm (S. litura) are insect pests causing damage in many economically important vegetables in Korea. Bacillus thuringiensis, commonly known as Bt, has been available as an alternative insecticide for many years. Five commercial Bt products and the mixtures evaluate the control efficacy against three kinds of moths. These commercial Bt products had high control efficacy against $2^{nd}$ instar of diamondback moth, but didn't show high mortality against beet armyworm and tobacco cutworm. Mixtures of Bt products didn't have synergistic effects to the tested moths. Also application of twice and four times the recommended concentration didn't improve the control effects against the tested three species of moths.

• Korean journal of applied entomology
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• v.21 no.1 s.50
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• pp.38-48
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• 1982

This study was conducted to investigate the changes in moth occurrence of striped rice barer, Chilo suppressalis (Walker), in relation to climatic factors, rice varieties, and cultural practices. The light trap data from 41 forecasting stations for 14 years from 1966 to 1979 were analyzed by means of the changes in the time and amount of borer occurrence in connection with the introduction of new rice varieties, the accumulated effective day-degree and its variation for completing one generation, and the climatic factors affecting the moth occurrence. The total number of moths caught by light traps in both spring and summer generations were considerably decreased with the wide cultivation of new rice varieties. In fact, the spring moths were remarkably decreased since the new varieties were introduced in 1972. The occurrence ratio of summer moths against the preceeding spring moths was higher in the middle region and middle southern mountainous area than the other regions. Its high ratio of regions was annually expanded from the middle region to the southern region. The $50\%$ emergence dates of both generations were later in the southeastern region than in the middle region. The ecological characteristics were clearly shown between the northern and southern region of Chupungryeong in terms of the occurrence of summer moths, the ratio of occurrence of summer moths to the preceeding spring moths, and $50\%$ emergence dates of the summer moths during the years of $1977\~1979$. The ratio of the summer moth occurrence to the preceeding generation was negatively correlated with the average temperature in lune and July, respectively, and the average precipitation in late June. The ratio of spring moth occurrence over the preceeding generation was positively correlated with the average temperature in September, October, November, and March, respectively, whereas it was negatively correlated with the average precipitation in early September and March, and the average humidity in early May. The effective day-degree for one generation was in the range from 600 to 900 DD at upper threshold $30^{\circ}C$ and lower threshold $10^{\circ}C$.

• Journal of Ecology and Environment
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• v.32 no.2
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• pp.129-135
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• 2009

We investigated the moth diversity on an island of southern sea of Korea. We collected moths at three sites on the island of Bogildo, Wando-gun, Jeonnam using a 22-watt ultraviolet light trap from May to October, 2008, and identified a total of 272 species and 948 individuals in 13 families. Species of Noctuidae was the most abundant, with 107 species and 318 individuals, followed by Geometridae (62 species and 147 individuals) and Pyralidae (53 species and 269 individuals). The graph of the estimated species richness in Chao 1 (432.25$\pm$37.39) did not reach an asymptote, which suggests that more moth species could be identified on the island through further sampling. An arctiid moth, Miltochrista striata, was the most abundant species captured in this study. Monthly changes in moth species richness and abundance formed M-shaped curves, with peaks in early summer (June) and late summer (August). Cluster analysis of seven sites on three islands (Aphaedo Island, Sinan-gun, Oenarodo Island, Goheung-gun and Bogildo Island) divided the sites into two groups. Distances among sites and habitat types may play an important role in determining the similarities of moth faunas among sites.

• Korean journal of applied entomology
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• v.16 no.1 s.30
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• pp.33-39
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• 1977

The Present survey was conducted to clarify species of moths infesting apple and the general biology of the dominant species as a basis for effective control. From the results of a survey in Suweon area, 24 species of leafrollers, 3 species of fruit-moths, 4 species of leaf-miners, 4 species of fruit-piercing moths and 28 other leaf-feeders were identified as pests of apple or apple trees.

• International Journal of Industrial Entomology and Biomaterials
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.1-7
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• 2009

Quality of seed in the mulberry silkworm, Bombyx mori (L.) is determined by many important factors, wherein unfertilized eggs play an important role. Unfertilization of eggs are caused by several reasons such as, abnormality in the sexual organs of the male and female, abnormal development of the micropylar end of the egg, unfavorable environmental conditions during spinning, cocoon preservation, imperfect handling of moths, mating, ovipostion, cold storing of pupae / moths and indiscriminate use of male moths etc. Though the presence of unfertilized eggs would in no way affect the fertilized ones and their quality directly, the frequency of their occurrence underrates the quality and brings down the hatching percentage. Lower the occurrence of unfertilized eggs, higher is the rating of seed quality. Of the various intrinsic and extrinsic factors and events involved in egg deposition of an adult silk moth, mating is an instinct and a biological obligation for the ultimate perpetuation of the species and a must to provide stimulus for oogenesis and bring about biochemical changes in the spermatophore of the silkworm in order to ensure the presence of sufficient number of normal sperms and testicular fluid in the female reproductive organ, activating ovulation and accelerating oviposition behavior and egg deposition. An attempt has been made in this article to briefly elucidate the characteristics of unfertilized eggs, causes of their occurrence and its impact as well as the significance in silkworm seed production.

• International Journal of Industrial Entomology and Biomaterials
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.81-86
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• 2005

The mode of transmission, effect on fecundity, hatching and tissues specificity of a microsporidian $(Lb_{ms})$ recovered from Lamerin breed of the silkworm Bombyx mori L. was studied and compared with standard strain Nosema bombycis. Peroral inoculation of $Lb_{ms}$ or N. bombycis to zeroday of $4^{th}$ instar larvae of silkworm was the most suitable method for producing information on development of stage specific mortality, pupation and obtaining infected adults for transovarial transmission studies. It was observed that pupal mortality, the percentage of moths emerged and the percentage of moths infected were significantly high in N. bombycis infected batches as compared $(Lb_{ms})$ in all the three tested breeds of the silkworm. However no significant difference was observed in larval mortality. The fecundity and hatchability was not affected significantly in $(Lb_{ms})$ infected adults, however significant reduction in egg production, fecundity, hatchability and increased egg retention was observed in mother moths infected with N. bombycis. The $(Lb_{ms})$ is transmitted both horizontally and vertically at lower rate due to its low rate of proliferation. The trans ovarial transmission of $(Lb_{ms})$ to the $F_1$ progeny generation through eggs averaged only $61.33\pm5.10\%$ whereas N. bombycis was transmitted at $100\%$. The $(Lb_{ms})$ had low oral infectivity and low transovarial transmission in silkworm B. mori.

• The Korean Journal of Ecology
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• v.22 no.5
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• pp.299-303
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• 1999

Studies were conducted in Mt. Namsan, Seoul, during the summer of 1997 and 1998 using racemic disparlure to determine seasonal occurrence and circadian activity in male gypsy moth, and size of egg mass and wing length of male moth. Male gypsy moths occurred from middle part of July until middle part of August and peaked in late part of July. Circadian activity of male moths initiated from 12: 00h and continued until 21: 00h, and the peak time was between 14: 00h and 17: 00h. Mean number of moths captured per trap in 1997 was larger than that in 1998, however, eggs per mass, egg size and wing length were not significantly different between the two years, 1997 and 1998.

• Korean journal of applied entomology
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• v.56 no.3
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• pp.261-265
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• 2017

Currently, clearwing moths and peach fruit moths are considered economically important pests of jujube in Boeun, Chungbuk, Korea. However, until now, specific studies on occurrence of the major pests of jujube in Boeun area, which could be useful for pest control, have not been carried out. In this study, seasonal occurrence of three pest moths (Synanthedon bicingulata, S. haitangvora, and Carposina sasakii) in jujube orchards was monitored using sex pheromone traps. Synanthedon bicingulata and S. haitangvora were monitored from 2013 to 2015. Adults of both species were captured from May to October, with two peaks in their occurrence: mid-June and mid-September for S. bicingulata, and mid- to late-June and mid- to late-September for S. haitangvora. However, S. haitangvora occurred in lower numbers than S. bicingulata. Adults of C. sasakii were captured from 2014 to 2016. From May to October, two peaks were observed in their occurrence in mid-June and in late-August to mid-September and the second peak was lower than the first. Thus, the life histories of these pest moths of jujube should be studied in detail for an effective pest control.

• Journal of Sericultural and Entomological Science
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• v.5
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• pp.25-38
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• 1965

I. Breeding of tussah silkworm(preliminary report). The preliminary examination for bleeding has been carried out since 1963 in tussah silkworms. 1) The strain(l-MG-B)of the heaviest silk quantity was the green silkworm and brown cocoon in univoltine, and the strains(2-G-B, 2-MG-B) of the heaviest silk quantity were also the green silkwom and brown cocoon in bivoltine in both spring and fall in 1965. 2) It looks like the voltinism, the body color and the cocoon color have reached to pure line up to 1965. II. Best place for the winter of tussah pupa. This work was aimed to find out good ways for the winter of tussah pupa. 1) The hatch of bivoltine was better than that of univoltine. 2) The cocoons covered with the leaves were good in the emergence of moth. 3) The cocoons which were kept at natural temperature till the first emergence of moths would show bad in both hatch and emergence. 4) If some of the pupae kept under natural condition were controled at proper temperature for a few days, hatch and laying eggs were best. 5) The best places for the winter were the egg storage and the rearing room. III. Relation between incubation temperature and voltinism. 1) When the tussah pupa are kept at natural temperature during winter, the moths do not come out of the pupa. 2) There is no difference between about 18$^{\circ}C$ and about 25$^{\circ}C$ during incubation in hatching ratio. 3) The tussah silkworms of univoltine in mortality are stronger than that of bivoltine. 4) There is not any relation between voltinism and high or low temperature for pupa and eggs. IV. Induced mutation by gamma-ray and neutron in tussah silkworm. This work was carried out in order to induce the mutation by treating the pupa or the eggs of tussah silkworm with gamma my and neutron. The results obtained are as follows. 1. Though the whole pupa treated with neutron become moths, the moths have no ability to copulate each other. The only moths emerged from pupa treated with neutron, 4000${\gamma}$ are able to lay all un-fertilized eggs, some of which have a hole on the surface and nothing of contents. 2. The non-diapause eggs are treated with neutron in spring, but the hatching ratio is 50∼60 percent, but the whole eggs treated with gamma ray are never hatched. 3. The sensitivity of the pupa to neutron is weaker than that of the eggs. 4. The hatching ratio is in direct proportion to the gamma ray dose. 5. Author find out a new mutant which is excellent in the cocoon quality, so he will do the progeny test next hear.