• The Korean Journal of Ecology
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• v.15 no.4
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• pp.355-363
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• 1992

Nitrate reductase activity(NRA) and induced NRA were compared in 4 species of moss ctenidium molluscum, homalothecium, tortella tortusa and neckera crispa collected from limestone in england. the NRA and dry weight of the c. molluscum were also measured after spraying with acidic deposition adjusted to ph 5.6, 4.6, 3.6 and 2.8 with one of two molar ratios of nitric to sulfuric acid, i.e. 1:0(N alone) and 1:2(1N+2S) for 20 days. All 4 species showed high NR leavels in the upper part of cut shoots and occurred maximum inducation of NRA within 6h. c. molluscum had the highest NRA levels among 4 species. after daily spraying of acidic deposition, NRA of c. molluscum was increased much more largely at ph 6 and ph 3.6 derived from N alone than from 1N+2S. However that was decreased at ph 2.8 derived both from N alone and 1N+2S . Decline of dry weight had occurred at ph 3.6 and 2.8 derived both from N alone and 1N+2S. Whereas substantial fertilization effect was observed at ph 4.6 derived from N alone. the data suggest that c. molluscum are able to utilize nitrate more effectivery than any other species, and NRA induction are more sensitive than growth response to nitrogen content of acidicdeposition in a short- term. however toxic effects was detected at high $NO_3$ supply and low phacidic deposition.

• Journal of Energy Engineering
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• v.27 no.2
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• pp.61-69
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• 2018

Rare earth elements together with Y and Sc (REEs) are essential in the development of technology for clean and efficient use of energy. In recent years coal deposits have much attention and attracted as a promising alternative raw sources for rare earth elements, not only because the REEs concentrations in many coals or coal ashes are equal to or higher than those found in conventional types of REEs ores but also because of the world wide demand for REEs in recent years has been greater than supply. In the coal ashes, REEs are mainly associated with carbonates, silicates and aluminosilicates in ashes at 800 and $1100^{\circ}C$. These elements are known to be powerful environmental tracers in natural biogeochemical compartments. In this study, to reviewed the REEs originating and distribution patterns in coal ash samples from the bedrock and/or soil weathering that were entrapped by lichens and mosses was investigated. The REEs patterns of different organisms species allowed minor influence of the species to be highlighted compared to the regional lithology.

• Korean Journal of Plant Taxonomy
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• v.41 no.3
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• pp.287-297
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• 2011

The objective of this study was to discuss the characteristics of the moss flora of Mt. Deogyu located on the border of the Jeonbuk and Kyungnam provinces in Korea. A total of 21 field surveys were carried out at various sites in the mountain area from August 2007 to September 2008. All the collected materials were processed into voucher specimens and were currently deposited in the herbarium at Chonbuk National University (JNU). In this study, we collected and identified 158 moss taxa, which included 156 species, 1 subsp. and 1 var. of 96 genera and 37 families. Unconfirmed taxa in this study, but previously recorded, belonged to 25 taxa, which included 13 families, 19 genera and 25 species. In addition, 183 taxa were found on Mt. Dreogyu, which belonged to 37 families, 101 genera, 1 subsp. and 1 var. The habitat of each collection was examined and the classification system of Ignatov et al. (2006) was used. New vernacular names of 6 families and 11 genera were then determined. Six species, formerly thought be only in North Korea, were shown to be present on Mt. Deogyu, which included Bucklandiella laeta, Anomobryum filiforme var. concinnatum, Herzogiella turfacea, Brachythecium rutabulum, Eurhynchium angustirete and Campylidium hispidulum.

• Korean Journal of Plant Taxonomy
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• v.50 no.3
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• pp.262-278
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• 2020

We investigated the bryophyte flora of Taebaeksan Mountain National Park in Korea by conducting a total of ten field surveys from April of 2017 to October of 2019 at various mountainous sites in the park. During the surveys, we recorded 274 taxa belonging to 68 families, 143 genera, 267 species, 3 subspecies, and 4 varieties. Among these, 92 species were reported as new to the flora of the Taebaeksan Mountains. A checklist based on a study of 990 specimens is provided as well. The most remarkable species were Sphagnum capillifolium (Ehrh.) Hedw, Sphagnum girgensohnii Russow, Buxbaumia punctata P.-C. Chen et X.-J. Li, Pleuroziopsis ruthenica (Weinm.) Kindb., Ptilium crista-castrensis (Hedw.) De Not., and Douinia plicata (Lindb.) Konstant. et Vilnet.

• Journal of Environmental Science International
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• v.25 no.9
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• pp.1289-1297
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• 2016

The walls of guard cells have many specialized features. Guard cells are present in the leaves of bryophytes, ferns, and almost all vascular plants. However, they exhibit considerable morphological diversities. There are two types of guard cells: the first type is found in a few monocots, such as palms and corn, and the other is found in most dicots, many monocots, mosses, ferns, and gymnosperms. In corns, guard cells have a characteristic dumbbell shape with bulbous ends. Most dicot and monocot species have kidney-shaped guard cells that have an elliptical contour with a pore at its center. Although subsidiary cells are common in species with kidney-shaped stomata, they are almost always absent in most of the other plants. In this study, there were many different stomatal features that were associated with kidney-shaped guard cells, but not dumbbell shaped guard cells, which are present in most grasses, such as cereals. Each plant investigated exhibited different characteristic features and most of these plants had kidney-shaped guard cells. However, the guard cells of Chamaesyce supina Mold, were often more rectangular than kidney-shaped. In contrast, Sedum sarmentosum guard cells were of the sink ensiform type and in Trifolium repens, the guard cells exhibited a more rhombic shape. Therefore, kidney-shaped guard cells could be divided into a number of subtypes that need to be investigated further.

• Plant Biotechnology Reports
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• v.3 no.2
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• pp.111-126
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• 2009

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are endogenous, non-coding, small RNA molecules consisting of 21-24 nucleotides (nts) that regulate target genes at the posttranscriptional level in plants and animals. In plants, miRNAs negatively regulate target mRNAs containing a highly complementary sequence by either mRNA cleavage or translational repression. MiRNAs are processed from single-stranded precursors containing stem-loop structures by a Dicer-like enzyme and are loaded into silencing complexes, where they act on target mRNAs. Although plant miRNAs were first reported in Arabidopsis 10 years later than animal miRNAs, numerous miRNAs have since been identified from various land plants ranging from mosses to flowering plants, and their roles in diverse aspects of plant developmental processes have been characterized. Furthermore, most of the annotated plant miRNAs are evolutionarily conserved in various plants. In particular, recent functional studies using Arabidopsis mutants have contributed a great deal of information towards establishing a framework for understanding miRNA biogenesis and functional roles. Extensive appraisal of miRNA-directed regulation during a wide array of plant development and plant responses to environmental conditions has confirmed the versatile roles of miRNAs as a key component of plant molecular biology.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture International Edition
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• no.2
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• pp.109-113
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• 2004

It is important to consider urban parks and greenery not only from the viewpoint of amenity or aesthetics but also from the viewpoint of biodiversity. In this study, we focused on bryophytes (mosses), and analyzed how existence of artificial structures in urban greeney, such as concrete curbs and stone walls, affect species diversity of bryophytes. Kyoto Gyoen in Kyoto City, western Japan, was selected as the study site. In consideration of kinds of substrates on which bryophytes grow, microhabitats of Kyoto Gyoen were divided into ten types including concrete curbs and stone walls. In each type of microhabitats, we selected the area where bryophyte diversity was highest, and established a quadrat for bryophyte flora survey. Our results showed that the number of bryophyte species and growth forms and the value of diversity indices on concrete curbs or stone walls were higher than the averages of those. The bryophyte species were divided into the four groups by TWINSPAN as follows: Group A (epiphyte species), Group B (rocky species), Group C (roadsides, grassland or forest species), and Group D (waterside species). Bryophytes classified into Group B (rocky species) were mainly recorded on concrete curbs or stone walls. It was considered that the existence of artificial structures (concrete curbs and stone walls) provided favorite habitats for the bryophytes classified into Group B (rocky species), which mainly grows on concrete or rocks, and enhanced species diversity of bryophytes in Kyoto Gyoen.

• Natural Product Sciences
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• v.13 no.4
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• pp.394-397
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• 2007

Investigation of the chemical constituents of the dichloromethane extract from the moss Hylocomium splendens has led to the isolation of $5{\alpha},8{\alpha}$-epidioxy-24(S)-ethylcholesta-6,22-dien-$3{\beta}$-ol (1), diploptene (2), ${\beta}-sitosterol$ (3), and 1-hexacosanol (4). The chemical structures of 1 - 4 were established by spectroscopic methods including extensive 1D and 2D NMR analysis. This is the first isolation of compound 1 from the mosses, although it has been isolated from marine sponge.

• Animal Systematics, Evolution and Diversity
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• v.24 no.1
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• pp.81-88
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• 2008

Two oxytrichid ciliates collected from the mosses and estuarine littoral in Korea were identified as Oxytricha longigranulosa Berger and Foissner, 1989 and O. marina Kahl, 1932. These species are reported for the first time from Korea. The description was based on living and protargol impregnated specimens. Diagnostic characters for each species are as follows. Oxytricha longigranulosa: Cell in vivo $80-115{\times}30-50{\mu}m$, mostly $90{\times}40{\mu}m$. Length/width ratio about 2.4/1. Cortical granules about $1{\times}1.5{\mu}m$ in size, colorless, arranged in short and discontinued longitudinal rows. Four frontoventral cirri. Adoral zone of membrane lies (AZM) covering 30-50% of cell length with 25-27 adoral membranelles (AM). Buccal area flat, typical Oxytricha pattern. Five transverse cirri, 19-23 right marginal cirri, 19-24 left marginal cirri, three caudal cirri, five dorsal kineties. Two macronuclear nodules 2 in number and spherical in shape, two micronuclei in number. Oxytricha marina: Cell in vivo $100-150{\times}30-60{\mu}m$. Cytoplasm colorless without cortical granules. Four frontoventral cirri. AZM covering 50% of cell length with 28-44 AMs, Buccal area flat, typical Oxytricha pattern. Five transverse cirri, 23-38 right marginal cirri, 19-25 left marginal cirri, three caudal cirri, five dorsal kineties. Two macronuclear nodules and spherical in shape, 1-5 micronuclei, mostly two in number.

• Mycobiology
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• v.50 no.6
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• pp.399-407
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• 2022

Endophytic fungi occupy inner plant tissues, which results in various interactions between the fungus and host. Studies on endophytic fungi have been conducted in Korea for over 30 years. This paper summarizes the published results of those studies. The endophytic fungi of approximately 132 plant species in Korea have been studied since the 1990s, resulting in over 118 publications. The host plants featured in these studies comprised 3 species of mosses, 34 species of woody plants, and 95 species of herbaceous plants. At the family level, the most studied plants were members of the Poaceae family, covering 18 species. Regionally, these studies were conducted throughout Korea, but over half of the studies were conducted in Gyeongsangbuk-do, Gangwon-do, and Chungcheongnam-do. Relatively few studies have been conducted in a metropolis such as Seoul. We confirmed 5 phyla, 16 classes, 49 orders, 135 families, 305 genera, and 855 taxa of endophytic fungi, excluding Incertae sedis, whose relationship with others are unknown. Most of the endophytic fungi belonged to Ascomycota (93.2%), and a few belonged to Basidiomycota (3.6%). Since the diversity of endophytic fungi differs depending on the host plant, plant tissue, and distribution region, future studies should be conducted on multiple host plants and in various regions. Future studies on endophytic fungi are expected to broaden, including genomics and taxonomic and ecological studies of secondary metabolites.