• The Korean Journal of Malacology
• /
• v.23 no.1
• /
• pp.25-30
• /
• 2007

In order to estimate the ecological parameters of the population, short-necked clams, Ruditapes philippinarum, were collected from Jindu coast at Hansan Island, from April to December in 2005. The growth of the clam was estimated by von Bertalanffy growth model and each parameters were obtained from a nonlinear regression as $L_{\infty}\;=\;48.8\;mm$, k = 0.28 and $t_0\;=\;-0.88\;(R^2\;=\;0.994)$. Instantaneous coefficient of total mortality (Z) and fishing mortality (F) was calculated to be 0.8614/yr. and 0.6122/yr, respectively. The age at the first capture was estimated to be 2.88 year. Using the present parameter for clam fishing, the yield-per recruit (Y/R) was estimated to be 3.44g. Although the maximum Y/R was obtained under the parameters ($t_c\;=\;3.48\;yr$. and F = 0.9295/yr), it is favorable to maintain the current fishing effort considering the annual fluctuation of the parameters.

• Journal of the Korea Convergence Society
• /
• v.10 no.5
• /
• pp.377-384
• /
• 2019

The purpose of this study was to identify the degree of mortality, appropriateness and continuance willingness of voluntary activities in nursing students and to investigate the effects of their continuance willingness of voluntary activities. This study was carried out from November to Decemer 2018 as a descriptive research study. Data collection was conducted among 174 university nursing students who agreed to the research and completed the questionnaire. The data were analyzed by t-test, ANOVA and Scheffe post-test, Pearson correlation coefficient calculation and multiple regression analysis using SPSS 24.0. The results of the study showed that morality, service appropriateness, service period, and aggressiveness had a significant effect on the continuance willingness. It proposes that a volunteer program that can engage with the majors and participate voluntarily and positively for the continuous service of nursing students.

• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
• /
• v.25 no.3
• /
• pp.318-326
• /
• 2011

The population ecological characteristics of the Crucian carp, Carassius auratus, were determined in order to estimate stock of the mid-upper system of the Seomjin River. The fish ranged in size from 95 to 288mm total length. The age was determined by counting the scale annulus. The scales displayed clear annulus that were used to estimate the age. The oldest fish observed in this study was 5 years old. Age-2 fishes were the most numerous in the sample(n=38), followed in frequency be age-3(n=22). Marginal index analysis validated the formation of a single annulus per year. The relationship between body length and body weight was BW = $0.0038BL^{3.73}$($R^2$=0.96) (p<0.01). The relationship between the scale radius and body length was BL = 2.362R+2.76($R^2$=0.89). The von Bertalanffy growth parameters estimated from a non-linear regression method were $L_{\infty}$=33.2 cm, $W_{\infty}$=1,798.4 g, $K=0.20year^{-1}$ and $t_0$=-0.51year. Therefore, Growth in length of the fish was expressed by the von Bertalanffy's growth equation as $L_t=33.23$($1-e^{-0.20(t+0.51)}$)($R^2$=0.98). The annual survival rate was estimated to be 0.427year$^{-1}$. The instantaneous coefficient of natural mortality of estimated from the Zhang and Megrey method was $0.784year^{-1}$, and instantaneous coefficient of fishing mortality was calculated $0.067year^{-1}$. From the estimates of survival rate, the instantaneous coefficient of total mortality was estimated to be $0.851year^{-1}$.

• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
• /
• v.24 no.1
• /
• pp.1-8
• /
• 1991

Population dynamics of Matted sole Limanda yokohamae($G{\"{U}}NTHER$) in Tokyo bay, Japan has been studied by virtual population analysis (VPA) for multi cohort and experimental fishing. Based on the biological data, the present parameters of the Limanda yekohamae stock at the Tokyo bay, Japan were estimated as follows: natural mortality coefficient(M) were 0.313 for male and 0.250 for female, terminal fishing mortality coefficient(F) were 2.190 for male, and 0.798 for female, rate of exploitation(E) was $30\%\;to\;50\%$. From the result of virtual population analysis for multi cohort, the population size were estimated from 3,5000,000 to 9,200,000 fishes, according to the result of experimental fishing, estimated stock size were 2,400,000 to 8,700,000 fishes. Stock size difference of the two methods were about two times in 1987, however, other years has been showed from 0.8 to 1.5 times. Both method has been showed same increase and decrease tendency of the c. p. u. e. and catches. From the isopleth diagram plot by Beverton and Holt's yield per recruit, the catches could be increase two times for female, 1.3 times for male than present aspects by the fishing management. And further, as reducing fishing effort, extension of mesh size and rising the length at first caputre, are reasonable in order to manage the stock at the optimum level.

• Journal of Trauma and Injury
• /
• v.26 no.3
• /
• pp.198-206
• /
• 2013

Purpose: This study was performed to calculate and analyze the effective radiation doses from computed tomography (CT) and radiologic intervention in patients in the emergency department (ED) with trauma critical pathway (CP) activation and further to estimate the lifetime attributable risks (LARs) for the incidence of and mortality from cancers induced by the radiation dose. Methods: Through a retrospective electrical chart review of 104 injured patients who trauma critical pathway were activated from November 2012 to March 2013, we calculated effective radiologic doses by taking the product of the dose-linear product of the scan and the conversion coefficient. After a determination of the image results, we divided the patients into two groups, negative or positive, and calculated the effective dose for each group. With these results, we estimated the LARs for the incidence of and the mortality from cancers by using the table in the Biologic Effects of Ionizing Radiation (BEIR)-VII report. Results: A total of 76 patients were enrolled. The mean age was $49.0{\pm}8.5$ years. The mean injury severity score (ISS) was $12.7{\pm}8.4$. The cumulative effective dose (CED) for individual patients varied from 2.8 mSv to 238.8 mSv, and the mean was $47.6{\pm}39.9$ mSv. The CED in patients with an $ISS{\geq}16$($63.2{\pm}26.6$ mSv) was higher than that of patients whose ISS<16($33.5{\pm}23.1$ mSv) (p<0.001). The CED in patients who were treated with surgery or intervention($69.0{\pm}45.2$ mSv) was higher than that of patients who were treated conservatively($33.6{\pm}22.4$ mSv) (p<0.001). The LARs for cancer incidence and mortality were $328.5{\pm}308.6$ and $189.0{\pm}159.3$ per 100,000 people, respectively. Conclusion: The CED and the LAR for trauma CP-activated patients in the ED were significant, so efforts should be made to decrease the effective dose received by severely injured patients.

• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
• /
• v.8 no.2
• /
• pp.47-60
• /
• 1975

For the calculation of population parameter and estimation of recruitment of a fish population, an application of multiple regression method was used with some statistical inferences. Then, the differences between the calculated values and the true parameters were discussed. In addition, this method criticized by applying it to the statistical data of a population of bigeye tuna, Thunnus obesus of the Indian Ocean. The method was also applied to the available data of a population of Pacific saury, Cololabis saira, to estimate its recuitments. A stock at t year and t+1 year is, $N_{0,\;t+1}=N_{0,\;t}(1-m_t)-C_t+R_{t+1}$ where $N_0$ is the initial number of fish in a given year; C, number o: fish caught; R, number of recruitment; and M, rate of natural mortality. The foregoing equation is $$\phi_{t+1}=\frac{(1-\varrho^{-z}{t+1})Z_t}{(1-\varrho^{-z}t)Z_{t+1}}-\frac{1-\varrho^{-z}t+1}{Z_{t+1}}\phi_t-a'\frac{1-\varrho^{-z}t+1}{Z_{t+1}}C_t+a'\frac{1-\varrho^{-z}t+1}{Z_{t+1}}R_{t+1}......(1)$$ where $\phi$ is CPUE; a', CPUE $(\phi)$ to average stock $(\bar{N})$ in number; Z, total mortality coefficient; and M, natural mortality coefficient. In the equation (1) , the term $(1-\varrho^{-z}t+1)/Z_{t+1}$s almost constant to the variation of effort (X) there fore coefficients $\phi$ and $C_t$, can be calculated, when R is a constant, by applying the method of multiple regression, where $\phi_{t+1}$ is a dependent variable; $\phi_t$ and $C_t$ are independent variables. The values of Mand a' are calculated from the coefficients of $\phi_t$ and $C_t$; and total mortality coefficient (Z), where Z is a'X+M. By substituting M, a', $Z_t$, and $Z_{t+1}$ to the equation (1) recruitment $(R_{t+1})$ can be calculated. In this precess $\phi$ can be substituted by index of stock in number (N'). This operational procedures of the method of multiple regression can be applicable to the data which satisfy the above assumptions, even though the data were collected from any chosen year with similar recruitments, though it were not collected from the consecutive years. Under the condition of varying effort the data with such variation can be treated effectively by this method. The calculated values of M and a' include some deviation from the population parameters. Therefore, the estimated recruitment (R) is a relative value instead of all absolute one. This method of multiple regression is also applicable to the stock density and yield in weight instead of in number. For the data of the bigeye tuna of the Indian Ocean, the values of estimated recruitment (R) calculated from the parameter which is obtained by the present multiple regression method is proportional with an identical fluctuation pattern to the values of those derived from the parameters M and a', which were calculated by Suda (1970) for the same data. Estimated recruitments of Pacific saury of the eastern coast of Korea were calculated by the present multiple regression method. Not only spring recruitment $(1965\~1974)$ but also fall recruitment $(1964\~1973)$ was found to fluctuate in accordance with the fluctuations of stock densities (CPUE) of the same spring and fall, respectively.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
• /
• v.15 no.11
• /
• pp.4595-4599
• /
• 2014

Background: Colorectal cancer is a serious health problem. Early detection of colorectal cancer is crucial for treatment and reducing mortality. Beliefs related to colorectal cancer have been found to be a factor in a person's decision about colorectal cancer screening programs. To determine such beliefs, a valid and reliable instrument is necessary. Objective:The aim of this study was to adapt and determine the psychometric properties of the Persian version of Champion's Health Belief Model Scale of breast cancer screening in the measurement of beliefs toward colorectal cancer (CRC) screening. Materials and Methods: The 'forward-backward' procedure was applied to translate the instrument from English into Persian. This study was conducted in Iran from June 2012 to May 2013. A convenience sample of 200 individuals aged 50 years and older was recruited from the population at the outpatient clinics in the three teaching hospitals. Validity was assessed using content, face and construct validity. To test reliability, the internal consistency was assessed by using Cronbach's alpha coefficient and test-retest (intraclass correlation coefficient) analyses. Exploratory factor analysis was used to assess the construct validity and determine the factors of adapted Champion's Health Belief Model Scale. Results: The mean age of the participants were 62.5 years (SD=10.8 years) and the majority of them (75.5 percent) were female. The results of exploratory factor analysis indicated a six-factor solution for the questionnaire (benefits, motivation and confidence, seriousness, susceptibility, emotional barriers and background barriers) that jointly accounted for 55.52% of variance observed. Cronbach's alpha of the subscales ranged from 0.57 to 0.89 and test-retest reliability ranged from 0.81 to 0.93 indicating a good range of reliability. Conclusions: The findings of this study suggest that the Persian version of Champion's Health Belief Model Scale of CRC screening has good psychometric properties and could be an appropriate measure for health beliefs related to CRC screening in national and international studies.

• Journal of Korean Society of Environmental Engineers
• /
• v.33 no.4
• /
• pp.275-280
• /
• 2011

In the present work, the aerobic particle's characteristics were enhanced. A polymer was used to make aerobic granular sludge in short period of time. And operation parameters were calculated for organic matter removal in domestic wastewater using a sequencing batch reactor (SBR). The experiment for sewage (Influent concentration of 63~72 mg COD/L) by using mature aerobic granular sludge showed the organic matter removal rate k and oxygen utilization coefficient a', b' were $10.161d^{-1}$ and 0.87 mg $O_2/mg$ $COD_r$, 0.11 mg $O_2/mg$ MLVSS d respectively. Therefore, it was more effective than K value $5{\sim}8d^{-1}$ of conventional activated sludge process. The sludge synthetic value and sludge auto-oxydation value were 0.45 mg VSS/mg $COD_r$ and 0.05 mg VSS/mg MLVSS d respectively. Consequently, mortality rates of microorganisms was lower than conventional activated sludge process.

• Health Policy and Management
• /
• v.11 no.1
• /
• pp.1-18
• /
• 2001

The purpose of the present study was to assess the agreement of survival probability estimated by International Classification of Diseases l0th Edition(ICD-10) based International Classification of Diseases based Injury Severity Score(ICISS) with professional panel's judgment on preventable death. ICISS has a promise as an alternative to Trauma and Injury Severity Score(TRISS) which have served as a standard measure of trauma severity, but requires more validation studies. Furthermore as original version of ICISS was based ICD-9CM, it is necessary to test its performance employing ICD-10 which has been used in Korea and is expected to replace ICD-9 in many countries sooner or later. Methods : For 1997 and 1998 131 trauma deaths and 1,785 blunt trauma inpatients from 6 emergency medical centers were randomly sampled and reviewed. Trauma deaths were reviewed by professional panels with hospital records and survival probability of trauma inpatients was assessed using ICD-10 based ICISS. For trauma mortality degree of agreement between ICISS survival probability with judgment of professional panel on preventable death was assessed and correlation between W-score and preventable death rate by each emergency medical center was assessed. Results : Overall agreement rate of ICISS survival probability with preventable death judged by professional panel was 66.4%(kappa statistic 0.36). Spearman's correlation coefficient between W-score and preventable death rate by each emergency medical center was -0.77(p=0.07) and Pearson's correlation coefficient between them was -0.90(p=0.01). Conclusions : The agreement rate of ICD-10 based ICISS survival probability with of professional panel's judgment on preventable death was similar to TRISS. The W-scores of emergency medical centers derived from ICD-10 based ICISS were highly correlated with preventable death rates of them with marginal statistical significance.

• International Journal of Industrial Entomology and Biomaterials
• /
• v.11 no.2
• /
• pp.107-111
• /
• 2005

Impact of microsporidian infection and season on reproductive potential of Bombyx mori L. was investigated in the laboratory. Microsporidian infection significantly (P<0.01) reduced fecundity and hatching and increased sterility and mortality of eggs. Among the microsporidia, Nosema sp. 2 infected silkworm produced eggs with least fecundity and hatching percent as well as highest dead and sterile eggs followed by Nosema sp. 1 and N. bombycis. Microsporidia, in general, significantly reduced fecundity and hatching percent of eggs and increased number of dead and sterile eggs in all the three seasons except N. bombycis in July - August (S3) and Nosema sp. 2 in January February (S1). Since, seed production is the anchor sheet of mulberry sericulture, coefficient of egg lying is considered as an important aspect and the industry quite often facing shortage of disease free layings. The present study indicates that B. mori is more susceptible to microsporidia during S2 followed by S3 and S1 and Nosema sp2. is most virulent followed by Nosema spl. and N. bombycis.