• Anatomy and Cell Biology
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• v.56 no.4
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• pp.441-447
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• 2023

One of the suprahyoid muscles is the digastric muscle which comprises anterior and posterior bellies joined by an intermediate tendon. Because of its close relationship with the submandibular gland, lymph nodes, and chief vessels of the neck, detailed knowledge about the morphometry of the digastric muscle is essential. The objective of the current cross-sectional evaluative study is to record morphometry along with the digastric muscle's origin, insertion, and variability. Forty human cadavers (25 males and 15 females) were dissected, and the head and neck regions were studied in detail. The attachment of the digastric muscle anterior belly to the digastric fossa of the mandible was noted, and the distal attachment of the posterior belly to the mastoid notch was traced. The length of the anterior belly from the digastric fossa to its intermediate tendon and the length of the posterior belly from the intermediate tendon to its mastoid attachment were measured. There is a fair correlation between the length of the neck and the length of the anterior and posterior belly. The study also identified two cases of bilateral accessory bellies of the anterior belly of the digastric. Normal morphometric data is provided by this study on details of the digastric muscle. It is significant from a clinical and surgical point of view as the muscle lies in proximity to the important structures of the neck.

• 한국전자현미경학회:학술대회논문집
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• 1996.11a
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• pp.30-42
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• 1996

• Annals of Clinical Neurophysiology
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.13-24
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• 2008

Functional neuroimaging, especially positron emission tomography (PET) and functional magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), is the main tool that allows the unveiling of the neurovascular events during a migraine attack. In migraine with aura, functional neuroimaging has contributed greatly to the understanding of the fundamental pathophysiology of the visual aura, whereas in migraine without aura, the PET findings of brainstem activation suggest a pivotal role of brainstem in the generation of migraine headache. In addition, voxel-based morphometry (VBM) method has provided an insight into the morphometric changes of the brain, which might be considered as a consequence of repeated migraine attacks. In this article, I will briefly discuss the main neuroimaging findings pertaining to the pathophysiology of migraine.

• Korean Journal of Poultry Science
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• v.27 no.3
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• pp.259-266
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• 2000

This study was carried out to investigate the embryonic developmental changes of the pineal gland during incubating period in the Korean pheasant. The pheasant embryos and fetuses were killed after 3, 4, 6, 9, 12, 15, 19 and 23 (hatching) days of incubation. The morphological characteristics of a pineal gland were determined in all embryos and fetuses using the whole - mount technique, light microscopy and morphometry. The time of the first apparition of the pineal anlage, as a derivative of the roof of the third ventricle, was fixed at 3 days of incubation. The pineal vesicles appeared as solid mammilliform projections, which subsequently presented a central lumen, at 4 days of incubation. The pineal parenchyma was composed of the tubular pineal recess, the lobules surrounded with septum originating from the capsule and the follicles possessed central lumen at 23 days of incubation. The length, width and area of the pineal gland were increased markedly at 9 and 15 days of incubation. These results suggest that the pineal recess has an important role in the pineal development after hatching.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Plant Pathology Conference
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• 2005.04a
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• pp.92.1-92.1
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• 2005

• Korean Journal of Biological Psychiatry
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.20-27
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• 2015

Objectives It is increasingly thought that the human cerebellum plays an important role in emotion and cognition. Although recent evidence suggests that the cerebellum may also be implicated in fear learning, only a limited number of studies have investigated the cerebellar abnormalities in panic disorder. The aim of this study was to evaluate the cerebellar gray matter deficits and their clinical correlations among patients with panic disorder. Methods Using a voxel-based morphometry approach with a high-resolution spatially unbiased infratentorial template, regional cerebellar gray matter density was compared between 23 patients with panic disorder and 33 healthy individuals. Results The gray matter density in the right posterior-superior (lobule Crus I) and left posterior-inferior (lobules Crus II, VIIb, VIIIa) cerebellum was significantly reduced in the panic disorder group compared to healthy individuals (p < 0.05, false discovery rate corrected, extent threshold = 100 voxels). Additionally, the gray matter reduction in the left posterior-inferior cerebellum (lobule VIIIa) was significantly associated with greater panic symptom severity (r = -0.55, p = 0.007). Conclusions Our findings suggest that the gray matter deficits in the posterior cerebellum may be involved in the pathogenesis of panic disorder. Further studies are needed to provide a comprehensive understanding of the cerebro-cerebellar network in panic disorder.

• Korean Journal of Biological Psychiatry
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• v.16 no.3
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• pp.190-197
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• 2009

Objectives : The purpose of this study was to examine structural abnormalities of brain in patients with pathological gambling(PG) using voxel-based morphometry. Methods : We compared gray matter(GM) volumes between 10 patients with PG and 14 age- and IQ-matched healthy controls and examined the relationship of GM volumes with clinical variables in patients with PG. Results : We found significant increase of GM volume in the superior, middle, and inferior frontal gyri, the midbrain, the middle temporal gyrus, the precuneus, and the fusiform gyrus of patients with PG. A significant decrease of GM volume was observed in the parahippocampal gyrus and the lingual gyrus of the patient group. In addition, GM volumes in some of these regions were positively associated with South Oaks Gambling Screen score and negatively with age of onset in patients with PG. Conclusion : Current findings indicate that structural abnormalities in the fronto-temporal cortex, the midbrain, and the precuneus might be involved in the pathophysiology of PG, and contribute to some of the behavioral changes observed in patients with PG.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• v.46 no.4
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• pp.317-321
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• 2009

Objective : In the thoracic spine, insertion of a pedicle screw is annoying due to small pedicle size and wide morphological variation between different levels of the spine and between individuals. The aim of our study was to analyze radiologic parameters of the pedicle morphometry from T1 to T8 using computed tomographic myelography (CTM) in Korean population. Methods : For evaluation of the thoracic pedicle morphometry, the authors prospectively analyzed a consecutive series of 26 patients with stable thoracic spines. With the consent of patients, thoracic CTM were performed, from T1 to T8. We calculated the transverse outer diameters and the transverse angles of the pedicle, distance from the cord to the inner cortical wall of the pedicle, and distance from the cord to the dura. Results : Transverse outer pedicle diameter was widest at T1 ($7.66{\pm}2.14\;mm$) and narrowest at T4 ($4.38{\pm}1.55\;mm$). Transverse pedicle angle was widest at T1 ($30.2{\pm}12.0^{\circ}$ and it became less than $9.0^{\circ}$ below T6 level. Theoretical safety zone of the medial perforation of the pedicle screw, namely, distance from the cord to inner cortical wall of the pedicle was more than 4.5 mm. Conclusion : Based on this study, we suggest that the current pedicle screw system is not always suitable for Korean patients. Computed tomography is required before performing a transpedicular screw fixation at the thoracic levels.

• Anatomy and Cell Biology
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• v.51 no.4
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• pp.232-235
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• 2018

Portal vein provides about three-fourths of liver's blood supply. Portal vein is formed behind the neck of pancreas, at the level of the second lumbar vertebra and formed from the convergence of superior mesenteric and splenic veins. The purpose of this study is to review the normal distribution and variation, morphometry of portal vein and its branches for their implication in liver surgery and preoperative portal vein embolization. It is also helpful for radiologists while performing radiological procedures. A total of fresh 40 livers with intact splenic and superior mesenteric vein were collected from the mortuary of Forensic Department, JSS Medical College and Mysuru Medical College. The silicone gel was injected into the portal vein and different segments were identified and portal vein variants were noted. The morphometry of portal vein was measured by using digital sliding calipers. The different types of portal vein segmental variants were observed. The present study showed predominant type I in 90% cases, type II 7.5% cases, and type III 2.5% cases. Mean and standard deviation (SD) of length of right portal vein among males and females were $2.096{\pm}0.602cm$ and $1.706{\pm}0.297cm$, respectively. Mean and SD of length of left portal vein among males and females were $3.450{\pm}0.661cm$ and $3.075{\pm}0.632cm$, respectively. The difference in the Mean among the males and females with respect to length of right portal vein and left portal vein was found to be statistically significant (P=0.010). Prior knowledge of variations regarding the formation, termination and tributaries of portal vein are very helpful and important for surgeons to perform liver surgeries like liver transplantation, segmentectomy and for Interventional Radiologists.

• Journal of Gastric Cancer
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• v.23 no.3
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• pp.388-399
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• 2023

Gastric cancer remains a significant global health concern, coercing the need for advancements in imaging techniques for ensuring accurate diagnosis and effective treatment planning. Artificial intelligence (AI) has emerged as a potent tool for gastric-cancer imaging, particularly for diagnostic imaging and body morphometry. This review article offers a comprehensive overview of the recent developments and applications of AI in gastric cancer imaging. We investigated the role of AI imaging in gastric cancer diagnosis and staging, showcasing its potential to enhance the accuracy and efficiency of these crucial aspects of patient management. Additionally, we explored the application of AI body morphometry specifically for assessing the clinical impact of gastrectomy. This aspect of AI utilization holds significant promise for understanding postoperative changes and optimizing patient outcomes. Furthermore, we examine the current state of AI techniques for the prognosis of patients with gastric cancer. These prognostic models leverage AI algorithms to predict long-term survival outcomes and assist clinicians in making informed treatment decisions. However, the implementation of AI techniques for gastric cancer imaging has several limitations. As AI continues to evolve, we hope to witness the translation of cutting-edge technologies into routine clinical practice, ultimately improving patient care and outcomes in the fight against gastric cancer.