• East Asian mathematical journal
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.151-164
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• 2003

Throughout this paper, we will consider that R is a near-ring and G is an R-group. We initiate the study of monogenic and strongly monogenic R-groups and their basic properties. Also, we investigate some properties of D.G. R-groups, faithful R-groups and monogenic R-groups and we determine that when near-rings are rings.

• Communications of the Korean Mathematical Society
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• v.19 no.4
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• pp.601-618
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• 2004

Throughout this paper, we will consider that R is a near-ring and G an R-group. We initiate the study of monogenic, strongly monogenic R-groups, 3 types of nonzero R-groups and their basic properties. At first, we investigate some properties of D.G. (R, S)-groups, faithful R-groups, monogenic R-groups, simple and R-simple R-groups. Next, we introduce modular right ideals, t-modular right ideals and 3 types of primitive near-rings. The purpose of this paper is to investigate some properties of primitive types near-rings and their characterizations.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.50 no.3
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• pp.217-224
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• 2017

Purpose: Although it is well known thatmortality and morbidity due to cardiovascular diseases are higher in salt-sensitive subjects than in salt-resistant subjects, their underlying mechanisms related to obesity remain unclear. Here, we focused on salt-sensitive gene variants unrelated to monogenic obesity that interacted with sodium intake in humans. Methods: This review was written based on the modified $3^rd$ step of Khans' systematic review. Instead of the literature, subject genes were based on candidate genes screened from our preliminary Genome-Wide Association Study (GWAS). Finally, literature related to five genes strongly associated with salt sensitivity were analyzed to elucidate the mechanism of obesity. Results: Salt sensitivity is a measure of how blood pressure responds to salt intake, and people are either salt-sensitive or salt-resistant. Otherwise, dietary sodium restriction may not be beneficial for everyone since salt sensitivity may be associated with inherited susceptibility. According to our previous GWAS studies, 10 candidate genes and 11 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) associated with salt sensitivity were suggested, including angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE), ${\alpha}$-adducin1 (ADD1), angiotensinogen (AGT), cytochrome P450 family 11-subfamily ${\beta}$-2 ($CYP11{\beta}$-2), epithelial sodium channel (ENaC), G-protein b3 subunit (GNB3), G protein-coupled receptor kinases type 4 (GRK4 A142V, GRK4 A486V), $11{\beta}$-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type-2 (HSD $11{\beta}$-2), neural precursor cell-expressed developmentally down regulated 4 like (NEDD4L),and solute carrier family 12(sodium/chloride transporters)-member 3 (SLC 12A3). We found that polymorphisms of salt-sensitive genes such as ACE, $CYP11{\beta}$-2, GRK4, SLC12A3, and GNB3 may be positively associated with human obesity. Conclusion: Despite gender, ethnic, and age differences in genetics studies, hypertensive obese children and adults who are carriers of specific salt-sensitive genes are recommended to reduce their sodium intake. We believe that our findings can contribute to the prevention of early-onset of chronic diseases in obese children by facilitating personalized diet-management of obesity from childhood to adulthood.