• International Journal of Aeronautical and Space Sciences
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• 제17권1호
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• pp.37-44
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• 2016

Optical fiber temperature sensing systems have incomparable advantages over traditional electrical-cable-based monitoring systems. However, the fiber optic interrogators and sensors have often been rejected as a temperature monitoring technology in real-world industrial applications because of high cost and over-specification. This study proposes a multiplexed fiber optic temperature monitoring sensor system using an economical Optical Time-Domain Reflectometer (OTDR) and Hard-Polymer-Clad Fiber (HPCF). HPCF is a special optical fiber in which a hard polymer cladding made of fluoroacrylate acts as a protective coating for an inner silica core. An OTDR is an optical loss measurement system that provides optical loss and event distance measurement in real time. A temperature sensor array with the five sensor nodes at 10-m interval was economically and quickly made by locally stripping HPCF clad through photo-thermal and photo-chemical processes using a continuous/pulse hybrid-mode laser. The exposed cores created backscattering signals in the OTDR attenuation trace. It was demonstrated that the backscattering peaks were independently sensitive to temperature variation. Since the 1.5-mm-long exposed core showed a 5-m-wide backscattering peak, the OTDR with a spatial resolution of 40 mm allows for making a sensor node at every 5 m for independent multiplexing. The performance of the sensor node included an operating range of up to $120^{\circ}C$, a resolution of $0.59^{\circ}C$, and a temperature sensitivity of $-0.00967dB/^{\circ}C$. Temperature monitoring errors in the environment tests stood at $0.76^{\circ}C$ and $0.36^{\circ}C$ under the temperature variation of the unstrapped fiber region and the vibration of the sensor node. The small sensitivities to the environment and the economic feasibility of the highly multiplexed HPCF temperature monitoring sensor system will be important advantages for use as system-integrated temperature sensors.

• 천문학회지
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• 제48권5호
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• pp.267-275
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• 2015

Simultaneous time monitoring observations of H₂O and SiO maser lines were performed toward the D-type symbiotic binary system V407 Cyg with the Korean VLBI Network single dish radio telescope. These monitoring observations were carried out from March 2, 2010 (optical phase ϕ = 0.0), 8 days before the nova outburst on March 10, 2010 to June 5, 2014 (ϕ = 2.13). Eight days before the nova outburst, we detected the SiO v = 1, 2, J = 1–0 maser lines which exhibited values of 0.51 K (∼ 6.70 Jy) and 0.71 K (∼ 9.30 Jy), respectively, while after the outburst we could not detect them on April 2 (ϕ = 0.04), May 5 (ϕ = 0.09), May 8 (ϕ = 0.09), or on June 5, 2010 (ϕ = 0.13) within the upper limits of our KVN observations. After restarting our monitoring observations, we detected SiO v = 2, J = 1–0 masers starting on October 20, 2011 (ϕ = 0.83) and detected SiO v = 1, J = 1–0 masers starting on December 22, 2011 (ϕ = 0.92). These results provide clear evidence of the interaction between the shock from the nova outburst and the SiO maser regions of the Mira envelope. The peak emission of SiO v = 1, 2, J = 1–0 masers always occurred at blueshifted velocities with respect to the stellar velocity except for that of SiO v = 1 at one epoch. These phenomena may be related to the redistribution of SiO maser regions after the outburst. The peak velocity variations of SiO masers associated with stellar pulsation phases show an increasing blueshifted trend during our monitoring interval after the outburst.

• 한국물환경학회지
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• 제28권2호
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• pp.224-231
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• 2012

It is necessary to develop flow duration curve (FDC) on each unit watershed in order to analyze flow conditions in the stream for the management of Total Maximum Daily Loads (TMDLs). This study investigated a simple method to develop FDC for the general use of the curve. A simple equation for daily flow estimation was derived from the regression analysis between the 8-day interval flow data of a unit watershed and the daily flow monitoring data of an adjacent upstream region. FDC can be prepared with the calculation of daily flow by the equation for each unit watershed. An annual and a full-period FDC were drawn for each unit watershed in Guem river basin. Standard flow such as low and ordinary flow can be obtained from the annual FDC. Major percentile of flow such as 10, 25, 50, 75 or 90% can be obtained from the full-period FDC. It is considered that this simple method of developing FDC can be utilized more widely for the calculation of standard flow and the assessment of water quality in the process of TMDLs.

• 한국융합학회논문지
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• 제9권9호
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• pp.53-60
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• 2018

고도의 경제성장에 지속되고 있는 가운데 에너지를 효과적으로 사용하는 연구와 기술은 꾸준히 개발되고 있으며, 에너지를 효율적으로 관리하기 위해서는 에너지의 사용량을 분석하여 에너지 사용량에 관여한 요인들의 특성을 파악하여야 한다. 따라서 에너지 사용 데이터의 정확한 측정은 에너지 관리측면에서 중요한 요소로 작용한다. 본 연구에서는 데이터 측정의 중요성을 인식하여 전기에너지 모니터링 시스템의 신뢰성 평가방안을 제시한다. 전통적인 통계 기법에 따라 측정오차 값을 확률변수로 하여 통계량으로 정하고, 이 통계량의 분포를 생각하여 임의의 신뢰구간을 적용하고 측정 정확도의 신뢰수준을 결정하는 절차 및 방법을 제시한다. 제안된 절차는 모집단의 평균과 표준편차 정보가 없을 때 그리고 적은 표본자료에도 용이하게 이용될 수 있도록 t-분포의 누적분포함수를 사용하여 에너지 측정장비의 신뢰도를 평가하는 방안을 활용하였다.

• 산업경영시스템학회지
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• 제35권4호
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• pp.118-125
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• 2012

When monitoring an instrumental process, one often collects a host of data such as characteristic signals sent by a sensor in short time intervals. Characteristic data of short time intervals tend to be autocorrelated. In the instrumental processes often the practice of adjusting the setting value simply based on the previous one, so-called 'adjacent point operation', becomes more critical, since in the short run the deviations are harder to detect and in the long run they have amplified consequences. Stochastic modelling using ARIMA or AR models are not readily usable here. Due to the difficulty of dealing with autocorrelated data conventional practice is resorting to choosing the time interval where autocorrelation is weak enough then to using I-MR control chart to judge the process stability. In the autocorrelated instrumental processes it appears that using the Shewhart chart and the time interval data where autocorrelation is relatively not existent turns out to be a rather convenient and very useful practice to determine the process stability. However in the autocorrelated instrumental processes we intend to show that one would presumably do better using the EWMA control chart rather than just using the Shewhart chart along with some arbitrarily intervalled data, since the former is more sensitive to shifts given appropriate weights.

• 한국물환경학회지
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• 제32권2호
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• pp.149-162
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• 2016

In recent years, there has been demand for precise estimations of pollutant loads on nationwide scale for the development of appropriate site specific (watershed specific) policies to reduce the negative impact of pollutant loads. River flow data and water quality data that were previously collected by various research institutes and universities for specific research purposes for a limited period was utilized in this study. However, only TMDL 8-day interval flow and water quality data were available in national scale. Three watersheds were selected and pollutant loads were calculated by two methods i.e., Numeric Integration (NI) method and Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT). Subsequently, the results were compared to determine the appropriate method for monitoring nonpoint source networks nationwide. The SWAT model was calibrated and its estimated daily flow data were used in the NI method with estimated sediment data for 8-day monitoring data for three watersheds. The results indicated that the quantity of pollutant loads estimated with the NI and SWAT are different to some degrees especially during the summer season for all the three study watersheds. Thus, more frequent sampling of water quality is needed for nonpoint source pollutant estimation.

• 한국해안·해양공학회논문집
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• 제26권5호
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• pp.285-291
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• 2014

연안의 수온 모니터링 자료는 이상자료 및 결측을 포함하고 있기 때문에 통계정보를 왜곡할 수 있다. 다양한 이상자료 감지 기법이 제안되고 있으나 결측이 없고 이상자료에 대한 사전정보를 가정하고, 어떤 적용기법은 과도한 계산시간이 소요되기 때문에 적용에 제한이 따른다. 본 연구에서는 방대한 자료에서도 효과적으로 이상자료를 감지할 수 있는 실용적인 Robust 모형을 제안하였다. 이 모형은 계산시간을 크게 저감하는 부분자료 추출기법을 이용한 어림성분 추정과정 및 어림성분으로부터 계산되는 잔차성분으로부터 이상자료를 반복적으로 진단하여 제거하는 부분으로 구성되어 있다. 이 모형의 성능평가는 새만금호에서 5분 간격으로 관측한 2년 동안의 수온 자료를 이용하여 수행하였다. 모형 적용결과, 이상자료가 전체자료에서 차지하는 비율은 1.6-3.7% 정도로 파악되었으며, 전체적으로 대부분의 이상자료가 제거되는 것으로 파악되었다. 또한 어림성분 추정과정의 반복적용은 Long-span 조건을 먼저 적용하는 것이 효과적인 것으로 파악되었다.

• 한국물환경학회지
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• 제34권1호
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• pp.1-9
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• 2018

In this study, the load of the river was calculated by using the actual data of the Yeong-bon C1, Yeong-bon C2, Yeong-bon C3 monitoring points of the Yeong-san river watershed to determine the excess. As a result, the BOD is 75.83 % at the Yeong-bon C1 and the five-year average value is higher than at other points. The Yeong-bon C3 was 72.15 % and Yeong-bon C2 was analyzed as 68.78 %. The five-year average of the T-P was 71.95 % for the Yeong-bon C2 and 69.86 % for the Yeong-bon C3 and 69.16 % for Yeong-bon C1; these levels exceeded the target water quality standards of 50 %. As a result of analyzing the pollutant load, we found that the Yeong-bon C1 has been highly affected by the nonpoint pollution source because the excess rate is high in the upper section of the flow rate. The Yeong-bon C2 showed a high excess rate in the lower part of the flow rate, and it was estimated that the influence of the point pollution source was large. The excess rate of the Yeong-bon C3 is small in the interval deviation, and it was evaluated as being affected by both point and non-point pollution sources. The TMDL monitoring network data were used to estimate the exceed ratio for the target water quality assessment, and the implementation evaluation was made by the flow exceedance probability interval to analyze the monitoring data so that the data could be utilized according to the purpose of the measurement network.

• 지구물리와물리탐사
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• 제8권2호
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• pp.156-162
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• 2005

연안지역의 해수침투와 관련된 연구에서 전기전도도의 변화를 파악하는 것은 매우 중요한 문제 중에 하나이며, 특히 염/담수 영역에서의 전기전도도 모니터링은 양수로 인한 염수의 이동을 효과적으로 파악할 수 있기 때문에 양수 설계 최적화에 매우 유용하게 이용될 수 있다. 특히, 공내수의 수직적인 전기전도도 분포는 해수침투대의 특성에 따라서 변하기 때문에 여러 심도에 걸친 동시 모니터링이 필요하다. 본 연구에서는 상업용 모니터링 장비에 비하여 계측장비의 구성비용이 상대적으로 저렴하며 장기간 연속 모니터링 및 측정 변수들을 실시간으로 제어할 수 있는 원격 다채널 모니터링 시스템을 개발하였으며, 전남 영광지역의 해수침투 조사 시추공에 적용하여 양수에 따른 지하수의 전기전도도 변화 및 그 양상을 고찰하였다. 양수를 병행하면서 수행한 모니터링 결과, 일정 심도에서 전기전도도의 증가 또는 감소는 사질층 또는 암반의 균열을 따라 유동하는 지하수의 복합적인 영향임을 파악할 수 있었으며 이와 같은 결과는 양수 전$\cdot$후에 실시한 물리검층 결과와도 잘 일치하였다. 양수에 의한 공내수의 전기전도도 변화 특성을 심도에 따라서 실시간으로 측정할 수 있는 다채널 모니터링 시스템은 염분농도를 고려한 연안지역 지하수자원 확보에 유용하게 이용될 것으로 판단된다.

• 대한환경공학회지
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• 제38권4호
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• pp.184-192
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• 2016

수심에 따른 수질 변동을 모니터링할 수 있는 수심 프로파일 모니터링시스템을 개발하여 대하천의 현장에 적용하고자 하였다. 이를 위하여 하천의 수생태 및 수환경 변화를 반영할 수 있는 핵심 항목을 도출하고, 수심별 실시간 모니터링 기법 및 시스템을 개발하였다. 모니터링 항목은 수질, 유황 및 기상 항목을 포함하도록 구성하였다. 대하천의 수심을 고려하여 1.0 m 간격으로 모니터링이 가능한 시작품을 제작하고, 한강 수질의 실시간 수심별 변동특성을 파악하기 위하여 양화선착장을 test-bed 대상지로 선정하여 모니터링시스템을 구축 운영하였다. 춘계를 대상으로 상세분석을 실시한 결과, 수온, pH, 용존산소량(DO) 및 클로로필 a 등의 항목에서 뚜렷한 일주변화 및 수심별 변화가 관찰되어 수심별 실시간 모니터링이 하천 수환경의 적절한 관리를 위한 매우 유효한 수단인 것으로 나타났다.