• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.18 no.5
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• pp.739-748
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• 1994

These days the Korean costume becomes the formal dress to be worn on particular occasions. The Westernization of life style, inculding dress, has made the costume of wearing traditional dress disappear from Korean's everyday life. This study is launched to investigate the precious textiles and materials of the past before they vanish; this study deals with the materials of folk costume in the early 20th century, preceding Westernization. The research method adopted in the study was interviews of fifth- five elderly persons living around the Mt. Kumo area in Gyungbuk province. The result was that costume culture in that area was poor because people living in the area were economically less well off due to meager agricultural products. There was no variety in the style of costumes to be worn for various occasions. It was also nothworthy that because of no diversification in naming, only one representative word was used to name several types of costumes. On the other hand, it was discovered that the people in the Mt. Kumo area had religious aspirations stemming from their folk beliefs concerning costumes. They also had an attitude of saving money despite poor economic conditions.

• Korean Journal of Human Ecology
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.99-116
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• 2013

The purpose of this research is to explore the levels of luxury-frugality consumption of the female consumers and classify their types on luxury-frugality consumption behaviors. Total of 479 on-line questionnaires were surveyed nationwide for this research in February, 2012. Statistical analysis was achieved by using t-test, one-way ANOVA, Duncan's multiple range test, ${\chi}^2$, and Ward' hierarchical cluster analysis with a total of 479 questionnaires. The research results are summarized as follows: First, the overall luxury-frugality consumption average mark of female consumers was 2.44. Second, all surveyed female consumers were classified into four types based on the means scores of two dimension luxury-frugality consumption behaviors. A total 26.51% of female consumers belonged to Type 1 (named as luxury consumption group) where females scored high points on two dimension luxury consumption behaviors. Type 2 (named as excessive consumption group) occupied 32.78% and this group scored low on the luxurious consumption but high on the overconsumption. Type 3 (named as prefer prestige group) occupied 28.39% and this group scored low on the overconsumption but high on the luxurious consumption. Type 4 (named as frugal consumption group) had 12.32% of females whose scores of two dimension luxury-frugality consumption behaviors were low.

• Journal of Families and Better Life
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• v.26 no.5
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• pp.377-390
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• 2008

This paper investigated materialism inclination of the parents recognized by the adolescents and analysed the relationships between 5 categorized types about parents' materialism inclination and financial characteristics of the adolescents. Statistical analysis was achieved by using Cronbach'$\alpha$, paired t-test, one-way ANOVA, two-way ANOVA, Duncan's multiple range test, chi-square analysis, and Ward' hierarchical cluster analysis with a total of 801 questionnaires. The results are summarized as follows: First, the adolescents felt that calculated points of father and mother's materialism inclination were lower than median points and mother's inclination for materialism was higher than that of father. Second, five categories were classified according to materialism inclination of parents. First classified category was the type which showed both parents had little interest in materials and the second category was the type which father had strong interest in materials. The third one was the type which mother had strong interest in materials. The last two categories were the ones which both parents had much interest in materials. Final result of this study revealed that attitudes of the adolescents for materialism and money were higher for those whose parents had strong interest in materialism than those whose parents had little materialism interest. They showed not only the behaviors of impulsive and overspending consumption but also low financial satisfaction and high financial stress.

• KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.1105-1117
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• 2017

Financial technology, also known as FinTech, is one of the fast growing global businesses in since its inception in 2008. Fintech is a new economic industry, comprised of companies that adopted the latest technologies to provide more efficient financial services than the traditional financial services. Fintech companies are generally small to medium sized startups trying to disintermediate existing financial systems. FinTech companies can be differentiated in several areas, based on its business solutions and target customers. In Korea, the Peer-to-Peer (P2P) lending companies are the most prominent in the FinTech sector. P2P lending is a method of borrowing or lending money to individuals through online services without the use of an official financial institution as an intermediary. The P2P lending companies operate their services entirely online or mobile environment. Consequently, mobile P2P lending application users are dramatically increasing. Thus, it is worth evaluating the acceptance of the mobile apps of the P2P lending companies from a user's perspective. This paper discusses user acceptance of the mobile P2P lending apps, guided by the Technology Acceptance Model. We conclude that the users' acceptance of mobile P2P lending apps are significantly influenced by perceived ease of use, perceived usefulness, and user satisfaction. These in turn influenced their attitude towards using mobile P2P lending apps and intention to use.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Library and Information Science
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• v.45 no.4
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• pp.287-295
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• 2011

The Five Laws of Library Science was introduced into Japan in 1935. After World War II, it was widely disseminated among young librarians by the education for librarianship developed in the 1950's. Its concept, "Books for All," met a serious opposition from local authorities based on their long continued concept of "preservation." After they realized that people eagerly use local libraries, they interpreted that the duty of public library was "lending books." They introduced "Privatization" of libraries into quite a few local libraries in order to save money. For overcoming problems, it is important to disseminate the library concept among the public, the assembly members and government officials planning to change their attitude of disregarding libraries. As the fundamental library philosophy, the Five Laws of Library Science is important. In the commentary of the Five Laws written by the present writer, he included an illustration of triangle pyramid showing the structure of the Five Laws. He included here the spiral of study on the library and the library science, based on the Section 814 of the Five Laws. He welcomes discussions on his Japanese angle from different viewpoints in order to develop further understanding of the Five Laws.

• The Journal of Korean Academic Society of Nursing Education
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.129-140
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• 2015

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to analyze the types of attitudes of nursing students in Korea toward bucket lists. Methods: The Q-methodology, which provides a method for analyzing the subjectivity of each item was used. From each of the 37 subjects, 34 selected Q-statements were classified into the shape of a normal distribution, using a 9-point scale. The collected data were analyzed using a QUANL PC program. Results: Four types of attitudes toward the bucket list of subjects were identified in Korean nursing students. Type I is a pursuit of money type, Type II is a pursuit of relationship type, Type III is a pursuit of self-centered type, and TypeIV is a pursuit of others-centered type. Conclusion: The results of this study indicate that different approaches toward educational programs for students in the human service area are recommended based on the four types of nursing students' attitudes toward the bucket list.

• The Research Journal of the Costume Culture
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• v.7 no.4
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• pp.111-126
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• 1999

Apparel purchase behaviors were investigated for the high school girls grouped by attitude toward fashion. Differences in attitudes toward fashion were also investigated among the groups determined by demographic characteristics. Data were collected by a self-administered questionnaire survey to 600 high school girls living in Seoul, and 480 were used for the data analysis. Cluster analysis, Chi-sguare analysis, ANOVA, and Duncan\`s multiple range test were used for data analysis. Technical school students and those who spending higher amount of monthly allowances showed favorable attitudes toward fashion. Based on the attitudes toward fashion, respondents were classified into 3 groups : fashion-oriented(32.3%), fashion-conformed(47.3%), and unconcerned(20.4%). Among the 3 groups, the Fashion-oriented tended to make purchase decision for clothing based on there own, or peer\`s opinions, to use personal sources for information search, to spend more money for clothing, and to consider design and brand names as the most important criteria when purchasing apparel products than the less fashion-oriented did. Among clothing styles popular to students, the most appropriately perceived for student wear were semi-formal style, and the least appropriate ones were wearing bold colored and patterned underwear for the purpose of showing out. Most of the popular styles among high school girls were perceived less than appropriate student\`s attire.

• Journal of the Korean Home Economics Association
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• v.34 no.5
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• pp.307-325
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• 1996

The purpose of this study is to examine aspects stressors experienced by adolescents and make a comparison of their coping in terms of criteria of average and delinquent, male and female. The subjects were 506 adolescents of 2nd grade high school in Taejon and delinquent in D,A city. The data was analyzed by mean, standard deviation, two way ANOVA, and correlation analysis. The main results of this study were as follows: (a) It was found that regardless and behavior patterns, adolescents feel stress by pocket maney problem, relationship with teachers, and mental health(in the descending order). It is interesting to note that the stress from girl and boy friends proved to be much higher with delinquent adolescents than with average ones. In the case of subcategories of health, family relationship, and school life, it was found that average adolescents feel more stress than delinquents ones, whereas the reverse is case with the problem of relationship with relatives, school friends, and girl or boy friends. On the other hand, it was discoved that for the problem of physical and mental health, pocket money, parent and school friend relationships, females feel more stress than males. (b) With the differences of the coping og stress, it was found that while average adolescents as a whole tend to rely upon logical analysis and positive attitude, delinequent counterparts expect alternative reward and reveal the avoidance coping of emotional discharge. (c) The correlation between the stressors and coping showed partial differences, as the differences in the relation between average and delinquent adolescents, males and females in each sub-category.

• Journal of Global Scholars of Marketing Science
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.89-111
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• 2008

Due to the development of digital technology, studies regarding smart wear integrating daily life have rapidly increased. However, consumer research about perception and attitude toward smart clothing hardly could find. The purpose of this study was to identify innovative characteristics and perceived risk of smart clothing and to analyze the influences of theses factors on product attitudes and intention to adopt. Specifically, five hypotheses were established. H1: Perceived attributes of smart clothing except for complexity would have positive relations to product attitude or purchase intention, while complexity would be opposite. H2: Product attitude would have positive relation to purchase intention. H3: Product attitude would have a mediating effect between perceived attributes and purchase intention. H4: Perceived risks of smart clothing would have negative relations to perceived attributes except for complexity, and positive relations to complexity. H5: Product attitude would have a mediating effect between perceived risks and purchase intention. A self-administered questionnaire was developed based on previous studies. After pretest, the data were collected during September, 2006, from university students in Korea who were relatively sensitive to innovative products. A total of 300 final useful questionnaire were analyzed by SPSS 13.0 program. About 60.3% were male with the mean age of 21.3 years old. About 59.3% reported that they were aware of smart clothing, but only 9 respondents purchased it. The mean of attitudes toward smart clothing and purchase intention was 2.96 (SD=.56) and 2.63 (SD=.65) respectively. Factor analysis using principal components with varimax rotation was conducted to identify perceived attribute and perceived risk dimensions. Perceived attributes of smart wear were categorized into relative advantage (including compatibility), observability (including triability), and complexity. Perceived risks were identified into physical/performance risk, social psychological risk, time loss risk, and economic risk. Regression analysis was conducted to test five hypotheses. Relative advantage and observability were significant predictors of product attitude (adj $R^2$=.223) and purchase intention (adj $R^2$=.221). Complexity showed negative influence on product attitude. Product attitude presented significant relation to purchase intention (adj $R^2$=.692) and partial mediating effect between perceived attributes and purchase intention (adj $R^2$=.698). Therefore hypothesis one to three were accepted. In order to test hypothesis four, four dimensions of perceived risk and demographic variables (age, gender, monthly household income, awareness of smart clothing, and purchase experience) were entered as independent variables in the regression models. Social psychological risk, economic risk, and gender (female) were significant to predict relative advantage (adj $R^2$=.276). When perceived observability was a dependent variable, social psychological risk, time loss risk, physical/performance risk, and age (younger) were significant in order (adj $R^2$=.144). However, physical/performance risk was positively related to observability. The more Koreans seemed to be observable of smart clothing, the more increased the probability of physical harm or performance problems received. Complexity was predicted by product awareness, social psychological risk, economic risk, and purchase experience in order (adj $R^2$=.114). Product awareness was negatively related to complexity, meaning high level of product awareness would reduce complexity of smart clothing. However, purchase experience presented positive relation with complexity. It appears that consumers can perceive high level of complexity when they are actually consuming smart clothing in real life. Risk variables were positively related with complexity. That is, in order to decrease complexity, it is also necessary to consider minimizing anxiety factors about social psychological wound or loss of money. Thus, hypothesis 4 was partially accepted. Finally, in testing hypothesis 5, social psychological risk and economic risk were significant predictors for product attitude (adj $R^2$=.122) and purchase intention (adj $R^2$=.099) respectively. When attitude variable was included with risk variables as independent variables in the regression model to predict purchase intention, only attitude variable was significant (adj $R^2$=.691). Thus attitude variable presented full mediating effect between perceived risks and purchase intention, and hypothesis 5 was accepted. Findings would provide guidelines for fashion and electronic businesses who aim to create and strengthen positive attitude toward smart clothing. Marketers need to consider not only functional feature of smart clothing, but also practical and aesthetic attributes, since appropriateness for social norm or self image would reduce uncertainty of psychological or social risk, which increase relative advantage of smart clothing. Actually social psychological risk was significantly associated to relative advantage. Economic risk is negatively associated with product attitudes as well as purchase intention, suggesting that smart-wear developers have to reflect on price ranges of potential adopters. It will be effective to utilize the findings associated with complexity when marketers in US plan communication strategy.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.95-115
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• 1980

Current statistics reveal remarkable prolongation of the average longevity in this country for the past decade. Welfare of the aged is no longer sole concern of the person or/and family. but has aroused social concern on the community and national level. This study was designed to assess social, economic and emotional needs of the aged. and to identify problems they are confronting. Data were gathered through questioning 273 subjects living in Seoul from July 25, to August 31. 19 80. Frequencies and percentile scores were analysed to describe the fact. and the significance of int or-variable differences was tested by Chi-square method. Results are : 1. Majority of the subjects (male : 65.38%). (female : 62.13%)“talk about past experiences”to re-collect their past days, the difference between male and female respondents was not significant. 2. Except few who earn their pocket money (4.21%). majority were doing household errands (34.52% ) and looking after their garnd children (29.26 ％）. Main sources of their pocket money revealed to be their children (84.02%) and their own savings (24.64% ). Except few (15％）engaged with social activities directly or indirectly. leisure hours are spent in chatting with aged neighbors (44.81%). Highest in the rank order on the joyous moments for the aged revealed to be when the members of family living apart paying a visit (male : 37.5%, female : 63.72%)difference of male and female was significant ( P<0.05). Among female respondents. significant difference between age group was revealed (p<0.05). 3. Majority prefered sin91e houses (84.30% ). as residential environment. the suburban (36.26% ) area was the filet in the rank order : difference between age group and the educational status were not significant. Majority of respondents revealed to have their own room in the house. The first preference was given to live with their children (68.86%). Memory of the past (37.36% )revealed to be the highest in the rank order among the reasons why they dislike moving the house. 4. Majority favored current welfare benefts provided for the old age. however. the ideal way to live at their old age they responded was to live on their own savings (50.54%). 5. Majority revealed to be daunted occasionally (62.27%) by not being less active (34.16%) socially and by poor physical health(29.75%). Male and female differ in the causes of loneliness significantly (P <0.001) : retirement (37.89%) in ale and helpessness (43.05%) in female revealed the highest in the rank order. Majority talk over their feelings with aged neighbors to overcome the loneliness. 6 Majority were in favor of planting and looking after pet animal in the house. however. male and female differ in the kind significantly (p <0.001), 7. Majority think about death and dying occasionally or more (84.11% ). Many of the respondents believes in the life after life (53.49%) : female revealed to be significantly higher (p <0.01). and subjects with christian belief were significantly higher than non-christians (P<0.001). Attitude towards death and dying differs significantly between male and female (P <0. 001) and between christians ans and nonchristians (p <0.001). Highest preference was given to simple funeral (69.85%). Precious heritage that they would pass on to their descendants was onoscience and ethical value(57. 51%) : christian response as the first value was christian belief (52.38%).