• Animal Systematics, Evolution and Diversity
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• v.39 no.3
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• pp.99-113
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• 2023

The nudibranch is one of the most colorful gastropod species found in oceans worldwide. Unlike many other gastropod groups, the nudibranch loses an external shell in the adult stage, but instead develops various chemical defense systems. More than 2,500 nudibranch species have been reported worldwide, and 73 species are currently recorded in Korean waters. In this study, we present morphological descriptions, DNA barcode information of mtDNA cox1 sequence, and taxonomic review for five nudibranch species: Apata pricei (MacFarland, 1966), Doto rosacea Baba, 1949, Janolus toyamensis Baba and Abe, 1970, Polycera abei (Baba, 1960), and Trinchesia sibogae (Bergh, 1905). Of these, we also provide in-depth discussion of taxonomic issue of A. pricei that was previously subdivided into two subspecies, A. pricei pricei and A. pricei komandorica. Our morphological examination and molecular analyses of the mtDNA cox1 sequences indicate that these two subspecies are not taxonomically warranted. The phylogenetic information for the other nudibranch species from mtDNA cox1 sequence analysis is also included, providing a molecular basis for species identification and inferring their local phylogenies within each of the species groups discussed herein.

• Journal of Food Hygiene and Safety
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.55-61
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• 1993

Soil samples and the intestinal contents of arthropods, mollusca, pisces, aves, and mammals were examined for the presence of Clostridium botulinum. Demonstration of Clostridium botulimun was accomplished by identifying its toxin in liquid cultures inoculated with soil or material from the alimentary tract of tested animals with toxin neutralization tests in addition to morphological, cultural and biochemical tests. Incidences of Clostridium botulinum in tested samples were 5.0% in soil, 6.7% in mammal and 8.7% in fish, respectively. All of the positive cultures were identified as Clostridium botulinum type E and any other type was not demonstrated throughout the survey. Canned foods and solid ham/sausage mixture formulated as can with distilled water were inoculated with Clostridium botulinum type E and checked for toxin production by using the mouse bioassay. Clostridium botulinum type E toxin was produced as a large quantity in canned foods of fish, shell, meat and ham and, however, no significant toxin was detected in sausages and fruit samples.

• Mycobiology
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• v.48 no.3
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• pp.184-194
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• 2020

Macrofungi play important roles in forest ecology as wood decayers, symbionts, and pathogens of living trees. For the effective forest management, it is imperative to have a comprehensive overview of macrofungi diversity in specific areas. As a part of the National Institute of Biological Resources projects for discovering indigenous fungi in Korea, we collected macrofungi in Gayasan National Park from 2017 to 2018. These specimens were identified based on morphological characteristics and sequence analysis of internal transcribed spacer (ITS) or the nuclear large subunit rRNA (LSU) region. We discovered 17 macrofungi new to Korea: Butyrea japonica, Ceriporia nanlingensis, Coltricia weii, Coltriciella subglobosa, Crepidotus crocophyllus, Cylindrobasidium laeve, Fulvoderma scaurum, Laetiporus cremeiporus, Lentinellus castoreus, Leucogyrophana mollusca, Marasmius insolitus, Nidularia deformis, Phaeophlebiopsis peniophoroides, Phanerochaete angustocystidiata, Phlebiopsis pilatii, Postia coeruleivirens, and Tengioboletus fujianensis. We described their detailed morphological characteristics.

• The Korean Journal of Malacology
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• v.27 no.4
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• pp.395-400
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• 2011

Phylogenetic analyses on the Phylum Mollusks has so far been conducted by many researchers in the world. However, there was no report on taxonomic analysis on Acila divaricata vigila which is belonging to Class Bivalvia, Subclass Protobranchia. In this study, we performed molecular phylogenetic analysis on Acila divaricata vigila using 16S rRNA sequence through maximum likelihood method. As a result, it is clearly divided into the legion of mollusk classification unit (when you zoom in order) and represented to support the current classification in the Phylum Mollusca belong to Class Bivalvia, Subclass Protobranchia, Subclass Pteriomorphia, Subclass Paleoheterodonta, Subclass Heterodonta and Subclass Anomalodesmacea. To our knowledge, this is the first report of molecular phylogenetic analysis on Acila divaricata vigila using 16S rRNA gene and these data suggests that 16S rRNA gene will be useful for analyzing the phylogenetic relationship of Subclass Protobranchia.

• The Korean Journal of Malacology
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• v.26 no.1
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• pp.19-31
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• 2010

Seogundo is a small island adjacent to the southern coast of Jeju Island and connected to it by a boulder beach at low tide Surveys of this area were conducted from 2001 to 2009 to enumerate the mollusks there and also to examine their diversity, relative abundance, and ecological relationships. Both the boulder beach itself and several large tide pools were studied, including the coarse sand substrate and several species of seaweed and coralline algae found in the tide pools. Of the 121 species obtained or observed, there were 97 gastropods, 16 bivalves, and 8 polyplacophorans. Live specimens were obtained for about half of those species. About one third were found on rocky substrate, with the most common species being Nodilittorina radiata and Nerita japonica in the upper intertidal zone, N. radiata and Littorina brevicula in the middle intertidal, and Turbo (Lunella) coronata coreensis and Acanthopleura japonica in the lower intertidal and shallow subtidal. The seaweeds and coralline algae contained about 40% of all mollusk species. The most common mollusks in two species of brown seaweed were Ittibittum parcum, Musculus nanus, and Euplica scripta. In a species of red seaweed, Komaitrochus pulcher was the most frequent, as in the coralline algae, along with M. nanus. The coarse sand in the tidepools contained about 25% of the species, with the Cerithiidae having the largest number. A sample of beach drift contained 17 species, with Bittium aleutaceum and Rissoina (Phosinella) pura being most common. Most species, about 60%, were found in a variety of habitats, especially the marine flora; few species exhibited any habitat preferences. Biographically, Jeju Island is part of the Warm Temperate Northwest Pacific Province and the East China Sea ecoregion with a strong faunal affinity with southern Japan, eastern China, and northeastern Taiwan. Zonal-geographical groupings reveal that the fauna is mainly subtropical-low boreal, preferring moderately warm water, with a somewhat smaller number of tropical-subtropical species.

• Journal of environmental and Sanitary engineering
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• v.14 no.4
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• pp.50-68
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• 1999

The present study was performed to examine on the fauna and standing crops of benthic macroinvertebrates in Pongwha and Youngwol region of upper parts of south han river and Naktons river. The Actual site suvry was caried out on the two times during the April·June to October·November, 1988. Main five areas are Mt. Awrawe(1,067m), Mt. Sontal (1,236m), Mt. Munsu(1,206m), Peak Okyopong(357m) and Mt. Pungnak(760m) area. Total taxa of benthic macroinvertebrates of the study area were 118 species, 45families12 orders, 5 classes in 4 phyla. Occurrence species according to the major taxa of aquatic insects were 35 species (29.66%) in ephemeroptera, 25 species(21.19%) in trichoptera, 25 species(21.19%) hemiptera, 1 species(0.85%) in megaloptera. Non-aqautic insect were 5 species in mollusca, 3 ratio was 8.5 percent. Occurrence species(plecoptera) at clean waters were appeared 12 species at Mt. Awrawe and Sontal area. Occurrence species at each survey area was 67 species at Mt. Awrawe area, 60 species at Mt. Sontal area, 43 species at Mt. Munsu area, 37 species at Mt. P'ungnak area and 34 species at Peak Okyo area, respectively. Species diversity indices were 2.96~3.80 at Mt. Awrawe area, 2.79~3.62 at Mt. sontal area, but 2.64~3.12, 1.59~2.46 and 1.98~2.59 at, Mt. Munsu, P'ungnak and Peak Okyo area, respectively. In this region, occurrence species and individual density were smaller than that of Dong river with good habitat, but those were more abundant than that of Poseong river with similar environment conditions. Therefore, occurrence species and individual density of the present survey region were appeared as somewhat abundant.

• The Korean Journal of Malacology
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• v.31 no.3
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• pp.243-247
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• 2015

A stand-alone BLAST server is available that provides a convenient and amenable platform for the analysis of molluscan sequence information especially the EST sequences generated by traditional sequencing methods. However, it is found that the server has limitations in the annotation of molluscan sequences generated using next-generation sequencing (NGS) platforms due to inconsistencies in molluscan sequence available at NCBI. We constructed a web-based interface for a new stand-alone BLAST, called PANM-DB (Protostome DB) for the analysis of molluscan NGS data. The PANM-DB includes the amino acid sequences from the protostome groups-Arthropoda, Nematoda, and Mollusca downloaded from GenBank with the NCBI taxonomy Browser. The sequences were translated into multi-FASTA format and stored in the database by using the formatdb program at NCBI. PANM-DB contains 6% of NCBInr database sequences (as of 24-06-2015), and for an input of 10,000 RNA-seq sequences the processing speed was 15 times faster by using PANM-DB when compared with NCBInr DB. It was also noted that PANM-DB show two times more significant hits with diverse annotation profiles as compared with Mollusks DB. Hence, the construction of PANM-DB is a significant step in the annotation of molluscan sequence information obtained from NGS platforms. The PANM-DB is freely downloadable from the web-based interface (Malacological Society of Korea, http://malacol.or/kr/blast) as compressed file system and can run on any compatible operating system.

• Journal of Fisheries and Marine Sciences Education
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• v.28 no.1
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• pp.211-220
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• 2016

Species composition of aquatic organism in the marine ranching area of Gunsan, Korea were investigated using shrimp beam trawl from May to December in 2010. A total of 91 species, $98,127ind./km^2$ and $877.6kg/km^2$ of aquatic organism were collected. Among them, species were included 60 species in Pisces, 21 in Crustacea and 10 in Mollusca. The individual dominant species, occupying over 10% of total individuals, were Latreutes anoplonyx($47,327ind/km^2$, 48.23%), Crangon hakodatei($11,578ind./km^2$, 11.80%) and Trachysalambria curvirostris($10,237ind./km^2$, 10.40%). And the biomass dominant species, occupying over 9% of total biomass, were Paralichthys olivaceus($135kg/km^2$, 15.4%), Okamejei kenojei($98.2kg/km^2$, 11.2%) and Portunus tribuberculatus($84.8kg/km^2$, 9.6%). From the cluster and MDS analysis based on Bray-Curtis similarity matrix of fourth root transformed data of number of species and individuals per unit area collected more than two times during this survey by each month and station was divided into three different groups. Group A showed seasonal similarity of characteristic of distribution in August and November, Group B in December and Group C in May.

• Journal of environmental and Sanitary engineering
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• v.21 no.2 s.60
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• pp.20-29
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• 2006

Analysis of benthic macroinvertebrate community and biological estimation of water quality by the benthic macroinvertebrates were conducted at Olympic Park at its nearby waters in Seoul from December, 2004 to September, 2005. The benthic macrovertebrates were 49 species. Among them, 39 species of aquatic insects were included 11 species in odonata, 9 species in diptera, 7 species in hemiptera, 6 species in coleoptera, 3 species in ephemeroptera, 2 species in trichoptera and 1 species in lepipdoptera, and 10 species of non-insects were 6 species in mollusca, 2 species in hirudinea and 2 species in oligochaeta. Species number of lakes, Seongnae Stream within and outside the Olympic Park was 25 species, 35 species and 33 species, respectively. Individual number of lakes, Seongnae Stream within and outside the Olympic Park was $131\;inds/2.5m^2\;239\;inds/2.5m^2\;556\;inds/2.5m^2$, respectively. Mean dominance indices of lakes, Seongnae Stream within and outside the Olympic Park was 0.74, 0.61 and 0.72, respectively. According to the saprobic system based on the ESB index(Ecological score of benthic macroinvertebrate community), all survey sites are $\beta-mesosaprobic$ waters. To increase of abundance of benthic macroinvertebrates, regular interval monitoring has to be enforced and standard of water quality for the ecological ponds of Olympic Park has to be prepared.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Fisheries and Ocean Technology
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• v.51 no.4
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• pp.493-503
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• 2015

Species composition and bycatch rate of the catches by dredge with bycatch reduction device to reduce bycatch were estimated around Yeongil Bay, Korea at June, 2015. Total catches were collected 31 species as Chordata 10 species, mollusca 8 species, arthropoda 6 species, echinodermata 5 species, sipunculida 1 species, annelida 1 species during the experiment at the Yeongil Bay. The dominant species were Scapharca broughtonii, Callithaca adamsi, and Atrina pectinata and they reached 79.9% of the total catch. The catch rate of Scapharca broughtonii and Callithaca adamsi was 69.6% and 10.4% respectively. The rate of bycatch was 20.1%, consisted with Echinodemata 13.0%, Chordata 3.6%. The catch of ordinary dredge was 27 species 1,307 number 85,052g and that of dredge with escapement device was 21 species 1,690 number 91,648g. In conclusion, the dredge gear with bycatch reduction device has higher catch rate of target species and lower bycatch rate to non-target species than ordinary one.