• The Korean Journal of Food And Nutrition
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• v.35 no.1
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• pp.62-73
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• 2022

Omija seed oil was extracted from Omija seeds, a by-product of Omija, using an eco-friendly pressed extraction method. Physicochemical properties and antioxidant activities of 12 extracts using different combinations of seed moisture content (5, 7.5, and 10%) and extraction temperature (25, 49, 75, and 100℃) were then investigated. The highest extraction yield was 31.33% at moisture of 5% and temperature of 75℃. The lowest acid value was 4.18±0.25 at moisture of 5% and temperature of 49℃or moisture of 7.5% and temperature of 25℃. Peroxide value, iodine value, and saponification value were the lowest at 0.64±0.56 meq/kg, 159.38± 6.03, and 57.60±9.40, respectively, at moisture of 5% and temperature of 25℃. The content of total polyphenolics was the highest at 4,413±125 mg TAE/100 g when the moisture content was 10% and the extraction temperature was 25℃. DPPH radical scavenging activities of oil extracts at 20~100 mg/mL were 28.68±7.30~87.65±2.20%. The maximum antioxidant activity and IC₅₀ were 87.65±2.20% and <20 mg/mL, respectively, for extract obtained at moisture of 10% and temperature at 100℃. As a result, the extraction yield, acid value, peroxide value, iodine value, saponification value, and so on were excellent at moisture content of 5% and extraction temperature of 25℃ or 49℃. However, the content of total polyphenolic compounds and antioxidant activity were the highest at moisture of 10% and extraction temperature of 100℃. In conclusion, extracting Omija seed oil from Omija seeds, a by-product of Omija, is effective with a pressed extraction method.

• Magazine of the Korean Society of Agricultural Engineers
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• v.26 no.3
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• pp.81-89
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• 1984

To examine the moisture adsorption and permeability characteristics, weathered granite soils of different degrees of weathering, cultivated upland soils and sands of Han-river were sampled. The results are as follows: 1. In case that the mother rock was same, the pF values under same moisture content decreased according as the grain size of soil became finer by the weathering process. 2. In case that the mother rock was different, the pF value varied by the behavior of clay minerals, and the cultivated upland soils showed more sensitive reaction than sands and fresh granite soils. 3. The pF value changed by the difference of primary moisture content and also influenced by soil structure, testing method and etc. 4. The pF value and compaction curve had close relation, however under same moisture content, the pF value decreased by the increment of density. 5. The permeability depend on the available void ratio between the soil particles according to the degree of weathering, and the pF value of available void water between the soil particles which related directly to permeability was about 3.3 except the void water holded in the soil particles. 6. As the above, the pF value and permeability were differentiated by degree of weathering, primary moisture content, density and etc. Therefore it is considered unreasonable to define uniformly by soil texture.

• Journal of Electrical Engineering and Technology
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• v.3 no.3
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• pp.444-449
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• 2008

This study aims at compensation of the skin moisture level using skin impedance and SR factor. SR factor is related with the current diffusion into the skin layer. To efficiently analyze the current diffusion on the skin model, we used an electromagnetic simulation program called Ansys 10.0 Emag. We confirmed that the measured value decreases as the electric current gets more diffused to the layer below the horny layer. In order to conduct actual experiments based on the simulated result, we manufactured special electrodes with 24 pins by arranging 0.8mm-diameter electrodes every 0.5mm, in a $3{\times}8$ array. By simultaneously achieving both impedance value and SR value of skin with the manufactured electrodes, we compared the skin moisture level using the existing equipment to the skin moisture level applied using the skin impedance as well as the SR factor developed in this study. The correlation coefficient between the skin moisture level achieved from the existing equipment and the reference value was 0.615 (p<0.01), whereas the correlation coefficient between the skin moisture achieved from the regression equation in this study was 0.677 (p<0.01). Accordingly, it was confirmed that applying SR factor additionally improves the moisture level more precisely.

• Journal of Forest and Environmental Science
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• v.27 no.2
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• pp.119-125
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• 2011

Heating value is the one of most important factor in energy use of the woods. This study was investigated for determining the heating value according to the moisture content level(%) of major broad-leaved tree in Korea. Heating value was decreased rapidly regardless the kinds of species (Liriodendron tulipifera, Alnus japonica, and Quercus mongolica) and parts of woods (wood part, and bark) as the moisture content (MC) was increased. In addition, bark had higher heating value than wood part. Liriodendron tulipifera showed the highest heating value among the other two species.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.49 no.1
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• pp.46-51
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• 2004

The film coated snap bean (Phaseolus vulgaris) seeds with five different coating materials treated with 3% increase in seed weight were planted at sandy loam soil controlled moisture content of 18, 19, 20 and 21 %. The oxygen diffusion rate (ODR) was calculated from the different moisture content soil. The number of normal seedlings, seedling vigor, and seedling capability in field (seed vigor x dry matter weight) were observed at 9 days after planting and compared to the changes of ODR. The germination rate and ODR were sharply decreased simultaneously in the seeds planted at 21 % soil moisture content. Seedling emergence did not occur at all as the soil moisture content increased above 22 %. Hence this value should be considered as the threshold of soil moisture content for seedling emergence. An ODR value under 20% did not influence the percent emergence significantly. The certain difference observing in the emergence at the same ODR was not related clearly to the condition of soil. So it can be assumed that the limit of soil moisture content for the emergence of snap bean was approximately 20%. The value of 18% soil moisture content may be considered as the optimum for snap bean emergence. There was close relationship between the mean value of ODR in different soil moisture contents and the emergence. The germination rates of the seeds coated with the different materials were quite different when the seeds were planted at 21 % soil moisture. Dry weight of the seedlings from film coated seeds was decreased slightly, but the germination rates were not much different from the non-treated control under relatively higher soil moisture content (21 %). Major factor lowering emergence rate was oxygen stress while film coating act as a minor constraint for snap bean sown in excess soil moisture condition.

• Geomechanics and Engineering
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• v.29 no.1
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• pp.13-23
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• 2022

Peat soil has the characteristics of high moisture content, large void ratio and low shear strength. In this study, unconfined compressive strength and SEM tests are conducted to investigate the effects of ultrahigh moisture content, cement content, organic content and pH value on the strength of solidified peat. As an increase in the cement content and curing period, the failure mode of solidified peat soil changes from ductile failure to brittle failure. The influence of moisture content on the strength of solidified peat is greater than the cement content. As cement content increases from 10% to 30%, strength of solidified peat at a curing age of 28 days increases by 161%~485%. By increasing water content by 100%, decreases of solidified peat at a curing age of 28 days is 42%~79%. Compared with the strength of solidified peat with a pH value of 5.5, the strength of peat with a pH value of 3.5 reduces by 10% ~ 46%, while the strength of peat with a pH value of 7.0 increases by 8% ~ 38%. It is recommended to use filler materials for stabilizing peat soil with moisture content greater than 200%. Because of small size of clay particles, clay added in the cement solidified peat can improve much higher strength that that of sand.

• Journal of Environmental Science International
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• v.4 no.1
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• pp.1-12
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• 1995

The assessment for a degree of drought has been carried out based on the soil moisture index in Korea. The soil moisture index(Im) was calculated assuming of constant evapotranspiration until wilting point as Im = w2/wf $.$100. The soil moisture content(W2) at the final of a period is obtained from W2 : Pe + Wl - E, here the effective precipitation amount is Pe, evapotranspiration E, and the soil moisture content at the beginning of a period is Wl. The filed capacity(Wf), as a mean value of fine sandy loams, was reduced to 92 mm/ft when we accept the wilting point and the available soil moisture content of 42 mm/ft, respectively. The drought begins in Korea when the soil moisture index drops to less than 50%. The value coincides the isoline of 11 or more consecutive days without measureable precipitation. The soil moisture index frequently drops in the northern part of Youngnam area and Honam area so that both areas are well known as the areas of drought. Key word : Droughts, Soil Moisture Index.

• Journal of Biosystems Engineering
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• v.40 no.3
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• pp.201-211
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• 2015

Purpose: Designing equipment for processing, sorting, and other post-harvest operations of agricultural products requires information about their physical properties. This study was conducted to investigate some of the mechanical and physical properties of Moringa oleifera L. pods and seeds. Methods: Properties such as the length, width, thickness, bulk density, porosity, mass, static coefficient of friction, and angle of repose were determined as a function of moisture content. Statistical data and force-deformation curves obtained at each loading orientation and moisture level were analyzed for bioyield point, bioyield strength, yield force, rupture point, and rupture strength using a testrometric machine. Result: The basic dimensions (length, width, and thickness) of moringa pods and seeds were found to increase linearly from 311.15 to 371.45 mm, 22.79 to 31.22 mm, and 22.24 to 29.88 mm, respectively, in the moisture range of 12 to 49.5% d.b. The coefficient of friction for both pods and seeds increased linearly with an increase in moisture content on all the surfaces used. The highest value was recorded on mild steel, with 0.581 for pods and 0.3533 for seeds, and the lowest on glass for pods, with a value of 0.501, and of 0.2933 for seeds on galvanized steel. The bioyield and rupture forces, bioyield and rupture energies, and deformation of the pods decreased with an increase in moisture content to a minimum value, then increased with further decrease within the moisture content range, while the yield force increased to a maximum value and then decreased as the moisture content increased. Conclusion: These results will help to determine the most suitable conditions for processing, transporting, and storing moringa pods, and to provide relevant data useful in designing handling and processing equipment for the crop.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.18 no.5
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• pp.649-660
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• 2005

The effects of Lactobacillus buchneri 40788 and buffered propionic acid on preservation, intake and digestibility of alfalfa (Medicago sativa) and timothy (Phleum pratense) hay were investigated. During baling, forages were treated with L. buchneri 40788 (1.2${\times}$10$^6$ CFU/g) as a liquid (LLB) or as a granular preparation (GLB), with buffered propionic acid (10 mL/kg, BPA), or left untreated (control). Triplicate 500 kg round bales of each treatment were put up at two moisture levels for each forage: 17%${\pm}$0.33% and 20%${\pm}$0.30% for timothy and 17%${\pm}$0.20% and 19%${\pm}$0.27% for alfalfa (mean${\pm}$SD). Bales were sampled for chemical and microbiological analyses after 0, 30 and 60 d of storage. Compared to controls, all preservatives reduced (p<0.05) heating of both forages at all moisture levels with the exception of alfalfa baled at 19% moisture. After 60 d of storage, GLB reduced (p<0.05) moulds in 17% timothy hay as compared to other treatments, but at 20% moisture, moulds were reduced in LLB- and BPA-treated timothy as compared to controls. In alfalfa at 17% moisture, total bacteria were lower (p<0.05) in GLB-treated bales than LLB or control bales, but yeast and total bacteria were only reduced in BPA-treated alfalfa at 19% moisture. In situ DM disappearance of timothy (both moisture levels) and alfalfa (19% moisture level) increased (p<0.05) with LLB treatment compared to control. Digestibility of both forages did not differ (p>0.05) among treatments, however, voluntary DM intake of LLB-treated timothy (1.32 kg/d) was 22.3% higher (p<0.05) than control, and 14.1% higher than BPA-treated timothy. Treating timothy and alfalfa hay with L. buchneri 40788 or buffered propionic acid may improve the nutritive value of the hay when baled at 17 to 20% moisture.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Tobacco Science
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• v.23 no.1
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• pp.40-44
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• 2001

This study was carried out to investigate relationship between contents of moisture and chemical components in burley tobacco after heat treatment. Initial moisture contents of burley tobacco was 32% after cutting and casing. Burely cut tobaccos were treated at various temperature(10$0^{\circ}C$, 13$0^{\circ}C$, 145$^{\circ}C$ and 16$0^{\circ}C$) and time(0, 5, 10, 15, 20 and 30 min) in mechanical convection oven. Moisture contents of burley tobacco after heat treatment were in the range of 1.9% to 18.4%. Relationship between moisture contents and total sugar, pH, total volatile base, ammonial, L value of color, nicotine, nornicotine, and $\beta$-nicotyrine contents were positively correlated. Correlation between moisture contents and crude ash, ether extracts, 2,6-deoxyfructosazine, 2,5-deoxyfructosazine, a value of color, citric acid, m-xylene, ${\gamma}$-butyrolactone and 5-methyl-2-furfural were negative.