• Journal of Marine Bioscience and Biotechnology
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.81-90
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• 2020

Sialic acid, which is contained in about 60-160 mg/kg in the edible bird's nest (EBN), is known to facilitate in the proper formation of synapses and improve memory function. The objective of this study is to extract effectively the sialic acid from edible bird's nest using affinity bead technology (ABT). After preparing the non-polar polymeric bead "KJM-278-28A" having a porous network structure, and then desorbed sialic acid was concentrated and dried. The analysis of the physicochemical properties of bead "KJM-278-28A" showed that the particle size was 400-700 ㎛, the moisture holding capacity was 67-70%, the surface area (BET) was 705-900 ㎡/g, and the average pore diameter 70-87 Å. The adsorption capacity of the bead "KJM-278-28A" for sialic acid was shown a strong physical force to bind sialic acid to the bead surface of 400 mg/L. In addition, as a result of analyzing the adsorption and desorption effects of sialic acid on water, ethanol, and 10% ethanol on the bead, it was confirmed that desorption effectively occurs from the beads when only ethanol is used. As a result of HPLC measurement of the separated sialic acid solution, a total of four sialic acid peaks of N-acetyl-neuraminic acid (Neu5Ac), α,β-anomer of Neu5Ac and N-glycoly-neuraminic acid were identified. Through these results, it was confirmed that it is possible to separate sialic acid from EBN extract with efficient and high yield when using ABT.

• Journal of the Society of Cosmetic Scientists of Korea
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• v.48 no.1
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• pp.25-32
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• 2022

In this study, basic skin characteristics data were collected by measuring skin hydration, skin melanin, skin redness, and skin torsion elasticity from Korean women in from 20's to 40's ages, and then, age and correlation analysis were conducted. This was used to create a skin index, and cluster analysis was performed to classify the groups into 4 clusters, and the skin characteristics of each cluster were confirmed. Then, two prototypes were used for two weeks to confirm the improvement effect on skin moisture, skin redness, and skin dead mass reduction, and then analyzed which product was more effective in which cluster of subjects participated in the skin characteristics test. As a result of the study, the possibility of preparing for the customized cosmetics market was confirmed by applying the skin index and cluster analysis results to product efficacy evaluation.

• Journal of Conservation Science
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• v.38 no.4
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• pp.265-276
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• 2022

A long-term monitoring investigation at Sarushima Battery (Kanagawa, Japan), which is one of the modernization heritages was conducted from 2017.06 to 2020.12. The investigation of the temperature and relative humidity (RH), measurement of the amount of brick decay, and X-ray diffraction analysis of the brick decay was conducted to understand in detail the environment in which the historical brick structure, the state of deterioration, identify the factors of deterioration. Furthermore, it was discussed whether the suitability of these investigation methods for assessing the status, identifying the level of deterioration and the factors that led to deterioration at the historical brick heritages. It was found that the brick deterioration at the site progressed especially in two periods: in April, and from June to August. These periods coincided with the period when the RH inside the structure decreased, and the Toyo-gumi bricks were in the process of absorbing moisture. Several different types of salts were detected in brick decay, especially thenardite, which is considered highly hazardous and destructive during periods when the amount of brick decay increased. Therefore, the RH in the structure and the salts present in the bricks were identified as one of the factors in the deterioration of the bricks at the site. The methods used in this study are appropriate as the initial survey methods for investigating the current conditions and identifying the causes of deterioration because it is possible to understand the environment within the modernization heritages, grasp the details of deterioration progression, and identify the characteristics of deterioration progression and its factors through long-term investigation using the simple methods.

• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.56 no.2
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• pp.196-203
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• 2023

We investigated the nutritional characteristics and antioxidant effects of sea mustard Undaria pinnatifida fractions from Gultongmeori in Taejongdae, Youngdo, Busan. Based on dry weight, the moisture, crude protein, crude lipid, crude ash, and crude fiber contents were 34.98%, 11.55%, 0.43%, 17.82%, and 3.45%, respectively. To evaluate the antioxidant effect, we used radical scavenging (DPPH and ABTS), reactive oxygen species (ROS) production measurement, and DNA oxidation assays. Total flavonoid and phenol contents were higher in the n-hexane fraction than in other fractions. The n-hexane fraction was more effective at scavenging free radicals than other fractions as assessed using DPPH and ABTS assays (P<0.05). The ROS production assay showed that all sea mustard fractions decreased H₂O₂ induced cellular ROS production compared to that seen in the control (P<0.05); however, the n-hexane fraction reduced cellular ROS production to a greater extent than the other fractions. Furthermore, the n-hexane fraction from Gultongmeori significantly inhibited genomic DNA oxidation. These results indicate that the antioxidant effect of sea mustard is associated with its high flavonoid and phenol content. This study proposes that processed food products supplemented with sea mustard can be developed as functional foods to promote health in the local population.

• Food Science of Animal Resources
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• v.43 no.2
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• pp.245-268
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• 2023

The effects of phosphate alternatives on meat quality in marinated chicken were investigated with the application of chilling and freezing. Breast muscles were injected with solution of the green weight containing 1.5% NaCl and 2% sodium tripolyphosphate (STPP) or phosphate alternatives. Treatment variables consisted of no phosphate [control (-)], 0.3% sodium tripolyphosphate [control (+)], 0.3% prune juice (PJ), 0.3% oyster shell, 0.3% nano-oyster shell, and 0.3% yeast and lemon extract (YLE) powder. One-third of the meat samples were stored at 4℃ for 1 d, and the rest of the meats were kept at -18℃ for 7 d. In chilled meat, a lower drip loss was noted for control (+) and YLE, whereas higher cooking yield in YLE compared to all tested groups. Compared with control (+), the other treatments except PJ showed higher pH, water holding capacity, moisture content, lower thawing and cooking loss, and shear force. Natural phosphate alternatives except for PJ, improved the CIE L^* compared to control (-), and upregulated total protein solubility. However, phosphate alternatives showed similar or higher oxidative stability and impedance measurement compared to control (+), and an extensive effect on myofibrillar fragmentation index. A limited effect was observed for C^*, h°, and free amino acids in treated meat. Eventually, the texture profile attributes in cooked of phosphate alternatives improved except for PJ. The results indicate the high potential use of natural additives could be promising and effective methods for replacing synthetic phosphate in chilled and frozen chicken with quality enhancement.

• Proceedings of the Korea Water Resources Association Conference
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• 2021.06a
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• pp.114-114
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• 2021

본 연구에서는 Sentinel-1 SAR 센서 기반 이미지자료와 딥러닝기법을 이용하여 고해상도 토양수분을 산정하였다. 입력자료는 지표특성(모래함량, 점토함량, 경사도), 인공위성 기반의 강우와 LANDSAT 기반의 이미지자료(NDVI, LST, 공간분포 토양수분)를 사용하였다. 강우자료의 경우 GPM(Global Precipitation Measurement) 일강우 자료를 사용하였으며, 관측일 기준으로 5일전까지의 강우자료와 5일평균강우를 구분하여 사용하였다. LANDSAT 기반의 토양수분 이미지자료와 지점관측 토양수분을 이용하여 검·보정 이후 딥러닝 모형의 입력자료로 사용하였다. 입력자료는 30m × 30m 해상도로 Resample 하여 딥러닝 모형의 학습을 진행하였으며, 학습에 사용된 모형을 이용하여 Sentinel-1 기반의 고해상도(10m × 10m) 토양수분이미지를 산정하였다. 검증지점은 거창군 거창읍, 계룡시 두마면, 장수군 장수읍 및 무주군 무주읍 토양수분 관측지점을 선정하였다. 거창군 거창읍의 산정결과, LANDSAT 기반의 토양수분 이미지와 DNN 기반의 토양수분 이미지가 매우 유사하게 나타났으며, 모의값(DNN 기반 토양수분)이 실측값(LANDSAT 기반의 토양수분)을 잘 반영한 것(R: 0.875 ; RMSE: 0.013)으로 나타났다. 또한 학습모형을 토지피복이 유사한 지역에 적용하여 토양수분을 산정한 결과 검증지점 계룡시(R: 0.897 ; RMSE: 0.014), 장수군(R: 0.770 ; RMSE: 0.024) 및 무주군(R: 0.909 ; RMSE: 0.012)의 모의값이 실측값과 매우 유사한 것으로 나타났다. 이를 바탕으로 Seninel-1 SAR센서 이미지자료와 딥러닝기법을 연계한 고해상도 토양수분자료가 농업, 수문, 환경 등 다양한 분야에서 활용될 수 있을 것으로 판단된다.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.41 no.1
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• pp.84-97
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• 2017

Water vapor and thermal transmission properties of high emotional garments are important to evaluate wear comfort; in addition, the measuring methods of these properties are also critical for breathable and warm suit fabrics. In this study, the water vapor and thermal properties of composite yarn fabrics made of CoolMax, Tencel, and Bamboo fibers with filaments were measured and compared according to the measuring method. Water Vapor Transmittance (WVT) of the fabric woven by the sheath/core composite yarn in the warp direction was the highest due to the small staple fiber volume in the sheath/core yarn structure and high air voids in the sheath/core yarn fabrics. This property was also the highest in fabrics woven by bamboo staple yarns in the weft direction, and was the lowest on hi-multi filament fabrics. However, water vapor resistance ($R_{ef}$) of these fabrics by KSK ISO 11092 showed the opposite results to the water vapor transmittance method ($CaCl_2$ method); in addition, its correlation coefficient was low. The correlation coefficient between $R_{ef}$ and the drying rate was 0.719; therefore, the measurement mechanism of $R_{ef}$ is analogous to the drying property measurement. The thermal conductivity of the fabrics woven with compact staple yarn showed a high value; however, the hi-multi filament fabric showed low thermal conductivity. Therefore, fiber characteristics affect thermal properties more than yarn structure. The correlation between thermal property and moisture transport was also low. This study showed that: water vapor transmittance was active at the loose yarn structure, dry heat transport was vigorous at the compact yarn structure, and heat transport was affected more by fiber characteristics than yarn structure. In conclusion, sheath/core composite yarns were relevant to the high absorptive cool suit along with siro-fil and CoolMax/Bamboo staple yarns that were relevant to the heat diffusive cool suit.

• Asian Journal of Turfgrass Science
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.11-18
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• 2002

This research was designed to know optimize soil sampling time, soil sampling depth and fertilizers according to season and soil condition in the golf course. One of the results was revealed that sampling point and depth have to be consistent for much fluctuation by sampling. Especially, Soil pH is decreased by soil depth remarkably. Top soil (0-5 cm depth) pH is higher than the sub soils (5-10 cm, 10-15 cm depth). It was confirmed that soil pH would increase when the state of soil is appropriate to H$^{+}$ ion concentration. Therefore, Soil pH modification is always not determined by lime content rather than soil conditions, i.e., Organic matter content, moisture content, and soil air content. More effective fertilizing time according to soil pH correction is the middle of october, and it's quantity is 100 g/$m^2$ silicate and 200 g/$m^2$ lime (Pel-Lime Mini) in this experiment. Recommended soil sampling method for acidity measurement is dividing by soil depth into each 5 cm respectively, rather than mixing 15 cm total soil.

• Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
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• v.25 no.2
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• pp.243-253
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• 2000

The purpose of this in vitro study was to evaluate dentin bonding by two different dentin bonding systems(DBS) using acetone based primer or adhesive [All Bond 2(AB2), One Step(OS)] when they were applied by wet or dry bonding technique. Morphology of resin-dentin interface and hybrid layer thickness(HLT) were investigated using Confocal Laser Scanning Microscope(CLSM) and compared to shear bond strength(SBS). 72 extracted sound human molars were randomly divided into 4 groups of 18 teeth each - Group 1.(AW); AB2 by wet bonding. Group 2(AD); AB2 by dry bonding. Group 3.(OW); OS by wet bonding, Group 4.(OD); OS by dry bonding. In 6 teeth of each group, notch-shaped class V cavities(depth 2mm) were prepared on buccal and lingual surface at the cementoenamel juction(12 cavities per group). To obtain color contrast in CLSM observation, bonding resins of each DBS were mixed with rhodamine B and primer of AB2 was mixed with sodium fluorescein. Prepared teeth of each group were treated with AB2, OS, respectively according to the manufacturer's instructions except for dentin surface moisture treatment after acid etching. In group 1 and 3, after acid etching, excess water was removed with wet tissue(Kimwipes), leaving consistently shiny, visibly hydrated dentin surface. In group 2 and 4, dentin surface was dried for 10 seconds at 1 inch distance. The treated teeth were then packed with composite resin(${\AE}$litefil) and light-cured. 12 microscopic samples($60{\sim}80{\mu}m$ thickness) of each group were obtained after longitudinal section and grinding(Exakt cutting and grinding system). Morphological investigation of resin-dentin interface and HLT measurement using CLSM were done. For measurement of SBS, remaining 12 teeth of each group were flattened occlusally to remove all enamel and grinded to 500 grit SiC(Pedemet Specimen Preparation Equipment). After applying DBS on the exposed dentin surface, composite resin was applied in the shape of cylinder, which has 5mm diameter, 1.5mm thickness, and light cured. SBS was measured using Instron with a crosshead speed of 0.5mm/min. It was concluded as follows, 1. HLT of AW(mean: $2.59{\mu}m$) was thicker than any other group, and followed by AD, OW, OD in descending order(mean; 2.37, 2.28, $1.92{\mu}m$). Only OD had statistically significant differences(p<0.05) to AW and AD. 2. There were intimate contact of resin and dentin at the interface in wet bonding groups, but gaps or irregular interfaces were observed in dry bonding groups. 3. The length, diameter, density of resin tags were various even in the same group without significant differences between groups and lots of adhesive lateral branches were observed. 4. There were no statistically significant difference of SBS between AB2 and OS, but SBS of wet bonding groups were significantly higher(p<0.05) than dry bonding groups. 5. There were no consistent relationships between HLT and SBS.

• Journal of Radiation Protection and Research
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.17-22
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• 1982

Measurement of the radon concentration close to the ground surface can be used in search of environmental radiation for human safety, exploration for uranium, premonitory signals from earthquakes. We can detect radons in soil gas by alpha particle track method using the plastic track detectors, cellulose nitrate (LR115-Type 2 and CA80-15, Kodak $Path\'{e}$) and CR-39. For present works, radon cups having these detectors were made in our laboratory and their conversion factor was determined. A typical conversion factor was $1tr/cm^2{\cdot}30days=1.2{\times}10^{-2}pCi/l$. In the radon cups, some of $CaSO_4$ were used as desiccant for reducing the moisture effects on plastic track detectors. With these radon cups, underground radon concentrations of Kyungpook area were measured. Average radon concentration in Daegu from Jan. 1981 to Feb. 1982 was 39.7pCi/l. From Aug. 1981 to Feb. 1982, average radon concentrations of Daegu, Angang, Kyungju, Pohang, Chungha, and Andong were 31.8pCi/l, 124.5pCi/l, 127.0pCi/l, 79.1pCi/l, 144.4pCi/l, and 70.9pCi/l, respectively. The results were compared with the environmental radiation measured by TLD method.