• Journal of the Korean housing association
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.63-74
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• 2004

Since the Japanese colonization,\ulcornerThe Architectural Association of Chosun(AAC)\ulcornerwas founded by the Japanese architects residing in Chosun. It is necessary to study the house related activities of this AAC as the process of modernization of Korean houses. As research materials,\ulcorner Chosun and Architecture\ulcornerwas used and the main concern of this research was based on competition of house design which were published in the magazines. There were four competitions which reflected the activity background of AAC with the social circumstances at that time and the research was done especially on the definite situation of the competition of house design. Also, the prize winning works were analyzed accordingly.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Educational Facilities
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• v.12 no.6
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• pp.44-55
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• 2005

The purpose of this study is to suggest educational specification describing the school facilities necessary for operating educational curricula in relation to modernization of school facilities. It is required to make out the educational specification as one of procedures needed for driving the modernization of school facilities. The specification, however, has not made out yet in Korea. Educational specification is composed of followings: (1) organization of committee of educational specification, (2) site for a school and land to be expropriated, (3) guideline to form and operate curricula, (4) requisites to form space for school facilities, and (5) plan and process to construct school. Various methods such as literature study, questionnaires survey, workshop, interviews, etc. were utilized to develop educational specification.

• Korean Institute of Interior Design Journal
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• no.32
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• pp.3-12
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• 2002

To purpose of this study is to find out a descriptive explanation of why, when and how modernization in Korea came out. Modernization in Korea has been constituted from a completely different context In comparison with the first world countries because of a sudden industrialization and external changing process of product was done under the structural influence of western modernization.. Therefore, by examing the relationship between the socio-cultural meanings of industrialization and the consuming style of the modern society, we can know about the formation of the ‘modern’ toward product and lifestyle. And in processing of mix with modern and tradition, we can understand that Korean characteristics and tradition becomes objectified, estranged and distorted to form the Korean style in Korea. A culture is changing in developing due to external influence ceaselessly, so it is significant that we will make ours in processing to our own receptive capacity.

• Journal of Distribution Science
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• v.11 no.3
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• pp.39-48
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• 2013

Purpose - This study aims to analyze the main problems of spatial modernization of the economy, and to develop new approaches to way out from crisis, to accelerate of innovations process from the cities-centers to the underdeveloped regions. Research design, data, methodology - The application of scientific methods in this research will allow to systematize the available data, from both a theoretical and empirical perspective. The study employs the method of ranking regions, the rate of innovation activity and comparative evaluation of R&D indicator. In addition, the authors proposed the method of modeling of innovation diffusion in the regions. Results - This study confirms that the need help for the underdeveloped regions, but we should clearly understand the limits of opportunities and to choose the right mechanisms. Further, this study shows it's important to maintain the regions with high innovation activity, as they are growth poles, which are play the role of translator's innovations to the periphery. Conclusions - According to the results of this theoretical and empirical study proved that modernization of the economy is realized faster in the regions with the best conditions for the diffusion of innovations, the higher the concentration of the population, a more developed infrastructure and reduced of administrative barriers.

• Journal of East-Asian Urban History
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• v.1
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• pp.7-24
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• 2019

A. J. Toynbee published a book called Travel to China(1931) after traveling around the Asian continent in 1929. The book mostly focuses on Japan, China and the relationship between the two countries. Toynbee visited major cities in Japan and China by train. Most of the Japanese cities he saw were turning into modern cities in the process of spontaneous modernization mixed with its tradition. On the other hand, Chinese cities that he visited showed him various characteristics, including traditional, colonial, or semi-colonial cities. The modern cities of Japan and China in the late 1920s were transformed into various aspects under the influence of tradition, spontaneous modernization, colonial or anti-colonial modernization. How did Toynbee look at cities in East Asia? How did he recognize the relationship between tradition, modernization and colonization while visiting this area? Toynbee emphasizes the weight and influence of tradition especially in the development of modern cities in Japan and China. So, are modern European cities born out of their own traditions? Modern cities everywhere in the East and West were newly developed under the influence of tradition. Toynbee's attitude, which emphasizes especially its tradition in the modern cities of East Asia, seems to reflect his Orientalistic view.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.37 no.3
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• pp.270-279
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• 2013

This study presents a T-shirt design process that utilizes modernized traditional patterns; in addition, it also includes various modernization techniques for Korean traditional patterns. T-shirts are a representative casual wear item worn in everyday life, especially among young people. The association of traditional elements and public goods such as T-shirts effects the diffusion of the Korean image into global society. Through the whole design process, target groups and design concepts were determined first: collegiate students as well as clean, natural, refined, simple and sporty image, respectively. Subsequently, Dokkaebi, lotus, Dangcho, dragon and Taegeuk patterns were selected as traditional pattern sources. Along with the technique of the division, transformation, and configuration of original patterns, the combining method of geometrical figures, stripe patterns, and check patterns with traditional patterns was helped create modernized traditional motives. Finally, T-shirt designs with a Korean image were developed with the harmonized deployment of modernized motives and color planning. The survey showed that designs had a clean, natural, refined, simple and sporty image that was preferred by collegiate students. This study is relevant in three aspects. First, the design process of modernization was very creative to combine traditional patterns and basic figures. Second, this study expanded the scope of traditional image design to casual wear to promote the Korean image to young people all over the world. Third, the whole design process, from planning to final product development, presented in this study is applicable to other design processes.

• Journal of Society of Preventive Korean Medicine
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• v.16 no.3
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• pp.53-73
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• 2012

Objectives : The inclusion of Korean Medicine in the national health care system led to the need of a serious discussion on its modernization. This paper looked at how these discussions were progressed. Especially, a difference in the meaning of 'science' in the 1950s and the 1990s was observed. Methods : Articles related to the medical dispute between Korean and Western Medicine in "EE LIM", especially the ones from the 1950s, were selected, classified and analyzed. Research papers on Evidence-Based Medicine were also analyzed. Evidence-Based Medicine was a new medical research methodology in the 1990s. Articles on Evidence-Based Medicine were searched and selected from journal databases: DBpia, KISS, RISS, and OASIS. Results : The problem of establishment of modernity of Korean Medicine in the recent times was addressed in the context of scientification and systematization. Accordingly, the academic societies of Korean Medicine aimed for scientification. But efforts to secure the identity of Korean Medicine opposed to western science were also made. Meanwhile, Evidence-Based Medicine established in 1992 presented a different concept of science. This led to a new means of acknowledgement of Korean Medicine in the modern society. Conclusions : The modernization process of Korean Medicine up to now was a course of scientification. But as this process did not fully reflect its characteristics, the modernization of Korean Medicine still remains a pending question. A modern study methodology that fully reflects the identity of Korean Medicine needs to be established.

• 한국노년학
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• v.29 no.1
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• pp.1-20
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• 2009

The purpose of the current research is to reconstruct the process in which changes in elderly support take place from the perspective of the elderly in rural areas. Six elderly couples were interviewed three times with the use of Schütze's 'autobiographical-narrative interview'. The entire interviews consisted of 17 sessions. Interviewed data was analyzed, following the method of Schütze's 'autobiographical-narrative interview analysis'. Research findings were as follows: Elderly support as experienced by the current elderly couples is mainly 'family support', which turned out to be 'dual structural shift' in the process of modernization. That is, there has been an 'internal structural shift' from 'family support on intergenerational, mutual support dimension' to 'family support on intragenerational self-support dimension' on the one hand. An 'external structural shift' has been noticed that realizes the 'socialization of family support' on the other hand. Additionally, a 'discrepancy' was captured between support norm and support behavior as occurred in the process of 'dual structural shift'. Perception on the 'dual structural shift' has proven 'ambivalent'. On the basis of these results, a critical discussion of modernization theory ensued, along with some implications for practice.

• Journal of Families and Better Life
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• v.22 no.5
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• pp.59-73
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• 2004

Since 1980s' Korea had a great change on the housing culture by the supply of multi-family housing stock both on the macro-social and micro-social aspects. The purpose of this study was to examine the changes and the characteristics of housing environments which were estimated its modernization, and to examine the personal life under the change of housing environments. So I would like to revaluation the characteristics of modernization between the 1980s' and 1990s'. Therefore references were made to various papers, reports, the statistical data, newspaper reports, advertisements and magazines during that period. As a result, this paper came to the remarks as follows: 1. The success of modernization on the housing environments since 1980s' was the Quantitative growth of housing supply by multi-family housing. In spite of this, the Quantitative growth of housing supply and the improvement in Quality like housing space per person had the characters which was 'out of valence on the division'. 2. The Qualitative improvement of modem housing life by the development of housing industries could be said the improvement owing to develop of facilities and equipments. The introduction of up-to-date facilities and equipments realized the convenience and the rationality of living in the house. Although the improvement on the physical things deteriorated the modernized spaces to uniform things by commercial strategies. 3. The life in the multi-family housing which gives protection to personal privacy was settle down on the extremely individualized life without common things within the neighbors. Multi-family housing which was a production of process of modernization came true the growth in an appearance and the variety in the inside, but for the aspect of residents' everyday life in the multi-family housing, the Korean traditional relationship was collapsed and a sense of incompatibility within the residents was created.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Rural Architecture
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.101-110
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• 2006

During high speed economic growth period in Korea, our society has focused it's energy on the economic and social development based on the strategy of demolition and destruction of all our natural and man-made environment. In progress with that trend, our small cities in Korea also have just followed the metropolitan physical development pattern and considered that imitation of those metropolitan cities' or western cities' changes be the same meaning of "modernization". Therefore, our valuable urban and architectural heritages have been constantly destructed and that situation has been same in Anseong. Now in the new trend of environmentally sustainable urban design and at the new millenium period, we have to focus our attention on the retaining strategy of city's historicity as a city planner or an architect, and the first step for this strategy shall be to clarify the transition process of urban structure, especially of C.B.D. area of small cities since pre-industrial period.