• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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• v.25 no.5
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• pp.343-351
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• 2013

Purpose: This study was designed to measure the level of professional autonomy regarding physical therapists and to determine the association of organizational and occupational characteristics of the profession with its professional autonomy. Methods: We utilized a structured questionnaire survey of physical therapists (280 persons) in Jeju province. Data were collected from June 25 to July 14 in 2012. An additional 173 (63%) of them were used in the final analysis. Using PASW 18.0, descriptive and Hierarchical Linear Model were performed. Results: Regression analysis Result of Factors influencing Physiotherapist Professionalism, refresher training course (t=4.27), formalization (t=3.13), task significance (t=3.39), and autonomy (t=4.17) had a positive effect. Autonomy (${\beta}$=0.33) and formalization (${\beta}$=0.33) exerted the greatest influence. Conclusion: The survey regarding organizational and job characteristics showeds that occupational reeducation, formalization, and self- regulation constitute a positive part of what the professional autonomy is to be upheld. Results of the survey imply that in order to establish professional autonomy for the profession of physical therapist, the organization must make various efforts to beef up the exclusive knowledge and technology, and professional norms of the occupation that are considered essential for specific problem solving.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.17 no.4
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• pp.565-573
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• 1984

The increasing use of cardioplegic solution for the reduction of ischemic tissue injury requires that all cardioplegic solution be carefully assessed for any protective or damaging properties. This study describes functional assessment of the efficiency of steroid in cardioplegic solution by using a Langendorffs perfusion model. Isolated rat heart were subject to a 2 minute period of coronary infusion with the steroid mixed cold cardioplegic solution immediately before and also at the midpoint of a 60 minutes period of hypothermic [10\ulcorner\ulcorner] ischemic arrest. The result of this study were as follows: 1.Spontaneous heart beat after ischemic arrest occurred 14 second later Langendorffs reperfusion in the steroid mixed Young & GIK group and 16 second later in the control group. [Young & GIK without steroid] A good recovery state of spontaneous heart beat was shown in both groups. 2.The percentage of recoveries of heart rate during the 30 minute after postischemic Langendorffs reperfusion was; at first 5 minute 106.3\ulcorner.7% [P<0.05] in the steroid mixed Young & GIK group. This percentage of recovery of steroid mixed Young & GIK group was significantly greater than the control group during the first 5 minute course. 3.The percentage of recovery of coronary flow during the 30 minute after postischemic Langendorffs reperfusion was; at first 5 minute 101\ulcorner.2% in the steroid mixed Young & GI K group. This percentage of recovery of the steroid mixed Young & GIK group was not significantly than the control group during the first 5 minute.

• IMMUNE NETWORK
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• v.21 no.4
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• pp.26.1-26.28
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• 2021

Asthma exacerbations are a major cause of intractable morbidity, increases in health care costs, and a greater progressive loss of lung function. Asthma exacerbations are most commonly triggered by respiratory viral infections, particularly with human rhinovirus (hRV). Respiratory viral infections are believed to affect the expression of indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO), a limiting enzyme in tryptophan catabolism, which is presumed to alter asthmatic airway inflammation. Here, we explored the detailed role of IDO in the progression of asthma exacerbations using a mouse model for asthma exacerbation caused by hRV infection. Our results reveal that IDO is required to prevent neutrophilic inflammation in the course of asthma exacerbation caused by an hRV infection, as corroborated by markedly enhanced Th17- and Th1-type neutrophilia in the airways of IDO-deficient mice. This neutrophilia was closely associated with disrupted expression of tight junctions and enhanced expression of inflammasome-related molecules and mucin-inducing genes. In addition, IDO ablation enhanced allergen-specific Th17- and Th1-biased CD4⁺ T-cell responses following hRV infection. The role of IDO in attenuating Th17- and Th1-type neutrophilic airway inflammation became more apparent in chronic asthma exacerbations after repeated allergen exposures and hRV infections. Furthermore, IDO enzymatic induction in leukocytes derived from the hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) lineage appeared to play a dominant role in attenuating Th17- and Th1-type neutrophilic inflammation in the airway following hRV infection. Therefore, IDO activity in HSC-derived leukocytes is required to regulate Th17- and Th1-type neutrophilic inflammation in the airway during asthma exacerbations caused by hRV infections.

• Journal of The Korean Association For Science Education
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• v.17 no.3
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• pp.251-260
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• 1997

The instructional influences of cooperative learning strategies, which emphasize mutual interdependency of learners, group goal, and individual accountability, upon students' achievement, the attitude toward science instruction and the perception of learning environment were investigated. Before instruction, the prior knowledge test about atoms and molecules, the test of attitudes toward science instruction, and the perception questionnaire of learning environment were administered, and the grade in the previous mathematics course was obtained. These scores were used as covariates. Mid-term examination score was used as blocking variable. For instruction, three different strategies-traditional individual learning, small group learning, and cooperative learning-were used and teaching materials for the units of mole and stoichiometry were also prepared. After instruction, the researcher-made achievement test, the test of attitudes toward science instruction, and the perception questionnaire of learning environment were administered. The perception questionnaire of group activities was also administered to the two treatment groups. In the quantitative subtest, the scores of cooperative learning group and small group learning group were significantly higher than those of traditional individual learning group. However, the cooperative learning group's scores in the achievement test and the qualitative subtest were significantly higher than those of small group learning group and traditional individual learning group. The students in the cooperative learning group were found to have the most positive perception of learning environment but to have similar attitudes toward science instruction. No interaction between the treatment and the level of the previous achievement was found in any of the analyses. In the perception questionnaire of group activities, students in both small group learning group and cooperative learning group exhibited positive perception of group activities. However, students in the cooperative learning group tended to think that their activities were related with their group's success. Educational implications are discussed.

• Journal of Korean Home Economics Education Association
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.197-219
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• 2005

This study attempted, in accordance with the National Educational Curriculum, to develop achievement assessment standards for a course within the field of home economics which has been widely adopted by Korean vocational high schools, namely, the food and nutrition subject. Focus was also placed on strengthening the management of the curriculum for this food and nutrition course, as well as on establishing proper assessment standards by developing model assessment tools which can be used to assess the subject. The results of this study can be summarized as follows : First, based on an analysis of the related literature and materials. the desired notion of the achievement and assessment standards was established, and their significance ascertained the achievement and assessment standards for the food and nutrition course were set and the type of model assessment tool which should be developed, as well as the method in which it should be applied. was established Second. by analyzing the curriculums and the contents of the textbooks used in the food and nutrition subject, the researcher was able to compile the 70 factors which could to be used to develop the achievement and assessments standards, and then classify these into 6 main categories and 32 sub-categories. Based on the characteristics of these factors and learners' academic performance levels the number of factors was expanded to 89 in order to establish the achievement standards. In turn, these achievement standards were used, in accordance with the learners' achievement and teaming activity levels, to develop three different levels of assessment standards. namely, upper, middle, and lower ones. Third. a model assessment tool was developed which could be used by individual school units as a reference in terms of achievement and assessment standards, and that could be modified to meet each school's circumstances. In order to create the model assessment tool a 100-question questionnaire was formulated that contained various types of questions, such as essay, report, theoretical and practical, portfolio, as well as multiple choice-type questions. Lastly, the researcher introduced measures to effectively use the achievement and assessment standards developed for the food and nutrition course, as well as the model assessment tool in school units.

• Korean Medical Education Review
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• v.17 no.3
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• pp.140-147
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• 2015

Medical education can provide students with an opportunity to encounter marginalized communities and motivate them to become involved with the needs of disadvantaged people. The College of Medicine of The Catholic University of Korea includes a social service program in the medical humanities and social sciences curriculum. The course has lectures on social welfare, human rights, and social service, as well as four days of social service in 'Flower Village,' which is a Catholic social welfare institution. This study analyzes the satisfaction, feedback, and reflection papers of students who completed the social service program and provides an educational model for the medical humanities and social sciences. Students' satisfaction with the program was scored at 4.23 out of 5. A qualitative study of students' reflection papers derived 7 key phrases, among which 'nature and practice of social service,' 'holistic understanding of humans,' 'empathy and communication,' and 'social responsibility' are identified as goals of this program and 'happiness,' 'respect for human life,' and 'compassion' are good indicators of students' compassionate participation. Encounters with marginalized communities within the medical curriculum allows students to serve people with social difficulties and work for the improvement of their living conditions. Students learn to approach social needs with concern and empathy and seek ways to contribute to those communities.

• Journal of Digital Contents Society
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• v.17 no.5
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• pp.317-327
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• 2016

Flipped learning is a new learning technique which can maximize the learning effect by mixing two or more different learning environments including online & offline, and recently introduced system: 'Google classroom' is the optimized internet platform for flipped learning. This study tried to apply flipped learning to regular course 2nd grade dental students(n=70) and evaluated the satisfaction of students. The subjects of periodontology and operative dentistry were chosen to evaluate flipped learning model for regular course 2nd grade dental students(n=70). Each class consisted of six classes, and three times of them were performed in conventional classes and the other three times were in flipped learning method by using Google classroom. Evaluation of satisfaction progressed at the end of class. In this study, application of flipped learning in the dental college classes showed high efficiency in terms of degree of understanding, self-directed learning and motivation. Collectively, it was shown that flipped learning using Google classroom can be a reliable platform in dental classes.

• Hwankyungkyoyuk
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• v.23 no.3
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• pp.17-34
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• 2010

The purpose of this study is to explore their experience through teachers' interviews in research schools for the Education for Sustainable Development(ESD). The first issue for ESD in school was about how to approach ESD and how to combine it with the school curriculum. Of course, ESD can be approached through both subjects and discretion, which are operated with focus on experiential study. Most teachers approached ESD through subjects, but they had a lot of difficulties in its implementation because of insufficient understanding. The advantage of ESD programs is to provide students with an opportunity for experiential activity based on localization. However, difficult parts in applying ESD to school education were matters of budget for invitation of experts or for the experience learning as well as overworking of the teachers with conceptualization of ESD. Consequently, there has been change in the perception of teachers and students through ESD in schools, which have influence on the integrated thinking from diverse perspectives. Stories of research school teachers offered through categorization of interviews will provide a lot of help in the process of applying ESD to school education in the future.

• Journal of The Korean Association For Science Education
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.1-17
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• 1987

The rectnt studies on the learning of the scientific concepts have suggested that most students have misconceptions related to the contents to be learned and that those misconceptions exert their influences on the subsequent learning of the content Those facts necessitate the identification of the misconceptions before the instructions and the preparation of the instructional materials based on those misconceptions identified. Several studies also revealed that such biological areas as cell division, reproduction and fertilization were ranked among the most difficult areas for high school students to learn. Therefore, this study had its triple objectives as follows: (1) Identification of misconceptions in such areas as cell division, reproduction and fertilization. (2) Investigation of the current high school biology textbook I's as the sources of those misconceptions. (3) Development of teaching materials based on the misconceptions identified and the problems in the textbooks analyzed. This study identified several misconceptions held by high school students of biological concepts related to the conceptual areas of life-continuity, and found the problems in learning of the high school biology textbooks. Based on the misconceptions and the problems, a teaching/learning model and its content material were developed at the final course of this study.

• Journal of the Korean earth science society
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• v.42 no.5
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• pp.504-513
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• 2021

Different physical processes, according to the atmospheric boundary layer types, were used in the Local Data Assimilation and Prediction System (LDAPS) of the Unified Model (UM) used by the Korea Meteorological Administration (KMA). Therefore, it is important to verify the atmospheric boundary layer types in the numerical model to improve the accuracy of the models performance. In this study, the atmospheric boundary layer types were verified using observational data. To classify the atmospheric boundary layer types, summer intensive observation data from radiosonde, flux observation instruments, Doppler wind Light Detection and Ranging(LIDAR) and ceilometer were used. A total number of 201 observation data points were analyzed over the course 61 days from June 18 to August 17, 2019. The most frequent types of differences between LDAPS and observed data were type 1 in LDAPS and type 2 in observed(each 53 times). And type 3 difference was observed in LDAPS and type 5 and 6 were observed 24 and 15 times, respectively. It was because of the simulation performance of the Cloud Physics such as that associated with the simulation of decoupled stratocumulus and cumulus cloud. Therefore, to improve the numerical model, cloud physics aspects should be considered in the atmospheric boundary layer type classification.