• Korean Journal of Air-Conditioning and Refrigeration Engineering
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• v.14 no.11
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• pp.964-971
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• 2002

A numerical investigation of the constrained melting of phase change materials within spherical-like capsule is presented. A single-domain enthalpy formulation is used for simulation of the phase change phenomenon. The solution methodology is verified with the melting process inside an isothermal spherical capsule. Especially, the effect of capsule shape on the heat storage is emphasized. Two shape parameters are considered from the real capsule shape showing good characteristics of heat storage and the effect of these parameters is examined. Early during the melting process, the conduction mode of heat transfer is dominant. Thus the capsule shape with large surface area is desirable. However, the capsule shape with large surface area plays negative role on the strength of buoyancy-driven convection that becomes more important as melting continues.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Electrical and Electronic Material Engineers Conference
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• 2007.06a
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• pp.263-265
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• 2007

An ultrasonic linear motor using lambda shape vibrators has been designed and fabricated. The multiway ultrasonic motors mainly consist of an lambda shape ultrasonic vibrator which generates elliptical motions in beat. The lambda shape ultrasonic linear motor use longitudinal and bending vibration mode. In order to high precision motion control and multiway moving, piezoceramics were adhered to lambda shape brass elastic material. The finite element method was used to optimize dimension of ultrasonic vibrator and direction of vibratory displacement. As a result of estimating the characteristics of the ultrasonic linear motor, The results have shown that the lambda shape ultrasonic linear motor can be moved multiwav by using the phase control. Close agreement between the FEM results and experimental results obtained for the lambda shape ultrasonic linear motor.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• v.52 no.1
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• pp.51-73
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• 2014

A three-dimensional finite element model for the Jiashao Bridge, the longest multi-span cable-stayed bridge in the world, is established using the commercial software package ANSYS. Dynamic characteristics of the bridge are analyzed and the effects of structural system measures including the rigid hinge, auxiliary piers and longitudinal constraints between the girders and side towers on the dynamic properties including modal frequency, mode shape and effective mass are studied by referring to the Jiashao Bridge. The analysis results reveal that: (i) the installation of the rigid hinge significantly reduces the modal frequency of the first symmetric lateral bending mode of bridge deck. Moreover, the rigid hinge significantly changes the mode shape and effective mass of the first symmetric torsional mode of bridge deck; (ii) the layout of the auxiliary piers in the side-spans has a limited effect on changing the modal frequencies, mode shapes and effective masses of global vibration modes; (iii) the employment of the longitudinal constraints significantly increases the modal frequencies of the vertical bending modes and lateral bending modes of bridge deck and have significant effects on changing the mode shapes of vertical bending modes and lateral bending modes of bridge deck. Moreover, the effective mass of the first anti-symmetric vertical bending of bridge deck in the longitudinal direction of the fully floating system is significantly larger than that of the partially constrained system and fully constrained system. The results obtained indicate that the structural system measures of the multi-span cable-stayed bridge have a great effect on the dynamic properties, which deserves special attention for seismic design and wind-resistant design of the multi-span cable-stayed bridge.

• Journal of the Computational Structural Engineering Institute of Korea
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.43-58
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• 2002

A methodology to nondestructively locate and estimate size of damage in beam-type structures using a few natural frequencies or a few mode shapes is presented. A damage-localization algorithm to locate damage from changes in natural frequencies and a damage-sizing algorithm to estimate crack-size from natural frequency perturbation are outlined. A damage index algorithm to localize and estimate severity of damage from monitoring changes in mode shapes is outlined. The frequency-based method and the mode-shape-based method are evaluated for several damage scenarios by locating and sizing damage in PS concrete beams lot which a few natural frequencies and mode shapes are generated from finite element models. The result of the analyses indicates that the two methods correctly localize and closely estimate the size of the crack simulated in the test beam.

• Journal of Navigation and Port Research
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• v.32 no.3
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• pp.215-221
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• 2008

Dynamic characteristics of a structure, i.e., natural frequency and mode shape, have been widely using as an input data in the area of structural integrity or health monitoring which combined with the damage evaluation and structural system identification techniques. It is very difficult, however, to get those information by the conventional modal analysis method from large structures, such as the offshore structure or the long-span bridge, since the source of vibration is not available. In this paper, a method to obtain the frequencies and the mode shapes of a large span truss structure using only acceleration responses is studied. The calculation procedures to obtain acceleration responses and frequency response functions are provided utilizing a numerical model of the truss, and the process to extract natural frequencies and mode shapes from the modal analysis is cleary explained. The extracted mode shapes by proposed method are compared with those from eigenvalue analysis for the estimation of accuracy. The validity of the mode shapes is also demonstrated using an existing damage detection technique for the truss structure by simulated damage cases.

• Journal of Welding and Joining
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• v.25 no.5
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• pp.58-63
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• 2007

The relationship between GMA welding conditions and the bead shape of overlay weld was studied by using ${\Phi}1.6mm$ hypo-eutectic metal-cored wire designed for hardfacing against the severe metal-to-metal wear. As the welding voltage increased, the dilution also increased but the sudden drop of dilution was observed at $30{\sim}33V$. It was considered to be due to the decrease of penetration resulting from the change of transfer mode, from short circuit to spray. It was also found that the behavior of penetration with welding current was dependant on the transfer mode. The short circuit mode exerted the penetration to decrease while the spray mode did it to increase with increase of welding current. The former was considered to be responsible for the remarkable decrease in dilution at low welding voltage region. The change of transfer mode also had an effect on the behavior of bead width with welding current but it did not on the bead spreadability defined as W/H ratio. It was considered that the optimal welding conditions for multi-pass overlay welding could be obtained from the bead spreadability suitable for bead lapping and the dilution as low as possible in the spray transfer mode.

• KSCE Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering Research
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• v.28 no.5A
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• pp.631-639
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• 2008

This paper reports the mode shapes of Seohae cable-stayed bridge extracted by TDD technique. In order to record total 72 acceleration points in the vertical direction of the bridge deck, a custom made data acquisition system with LAN communication has been especially developed and a set of ambient vibration tests has been conducted. For the measured acceleration responses, total twenty four mode shapes up to 2Hz has been extracted by TDD technique. The extracted mode shapes include many new modes that have not been identified in the current on-line health monitoring system installed in the bridge. It is confirmed that TDD technique is the most effective in extracting the high resolution mode shapes on a particularly long span bridge.

• Journal of Korean Tunnelling and Underground Space Association
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.235-253
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• 2018

Groundwater flow induced by cracks in a buried pipe causes ground loss in the vicinity of it which can lead to underground cavities and sinkhole problems. In this study, the ground collapse mechanism and the failure mode based on an aperture in the pipe located in cohesionless ground were investigated through a series of physical model studies. As the influence parameters, size of the crack, flow velocity in the pipe, groundwater level, ground cover depth and ground composition were adopted in order to examine how each of the parameters affected the behavior of the ground collapse. Influence of every experimental condition was evaluated by the final shape of ground failure (failure mode) and the amount of ground loss. According to the results, the failure mode appeared to be a 'Y' shape which featured a discontinuous change of the angle of erosion when a groundwater level was equal to the height of the ground depth. While in the case of a water table getting higher than the level of ground cover depth, the shape of the failure mode turned to be a 'V' shape that had a constant erosion angle. As the height of the ground depth increased, it was revealed that a mechanism where a vertically collapsed area which consisted of a width proportional to the ground height and a constant length occurred was repeated.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• v.36 no.5
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• pp.575-598
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• 2010

The shape and size of the plastic zone around the crack tip are analyzed under pure mode I, pure mode II and mixed mode (I+II) loading for small scale yielding and for both plane stress and plane strain conditions. A new analytical formulation is presented to determine the radius of the plastic zone in a non-dimensional form. In particular, the effect of T-stress on the plastic zone around the crack tip is studied. The results of this investigation indicate that the stress field with a T-stress always yields a larger plastic zone than the field without a T-stress. It is found that under predominantly mode I loading, the effect of a negative T-stress on the size of the plastic zone is more dramatic than a positive T-stress. However, when mode II portion of loading is dominating the effect of both positive and negative T-stresses on the size of the plastic zone is almost equal. For validating the analytical results, several finite element analyses were performed. It is shown that the results obtained by the proposed analytical formulation are in very good agreements with those obtained from the finite element analyses.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Automotive Engineers
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• v.10 no.3
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• pp.227-236
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• 2002

We have performed two kinds of experimental modal analyses fur a radial tire for passenger car under free-suspension. One is the modal analysis to obtain three-dimensional modes of tire using accelerometers and the other is the one to identify cavity resonance frequency using a pressure sensor. From the first analysis, we have obtained the three-dimensional natural modes, which makes it possible to grasp the features of the modes and to classify the vibrational modes into symmetric, non-symmetric, and antisymmetric modes in a simple way by using the experimental results. From the first and the second experimental analyses we have identified the cavity resonance frequency and its three-dimensional mode shape.