• 대한후두음성언어의학회지
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• 제17권1호
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• pp.43-48
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• 2006

Background and Objectives: Countertenors who can produce higher vocal pitch like female classical singer's voice and use both modal and falsetto register. This study was conducted to study phonatory characteristics between modal and falsetto register of the countertenor. Materials and Methods: A male countertenor who had 8 years of experience was examined using a videostroboscopy and his voice was analyzed using aerodynamic measures; fundamental frequency(F0), Mean air flow rate(MFR), intensity(SLP), subglottal air pressure(Psub) with phonatory function analyzer(Nagashima) and acoustic measures; jitter, shimmer, HNR, closed quotient(CQ) using a Electro-glottography(EGG) of Lx. Speech Studio(Laryngoscope, Ltd, UK) and voice range profile of CSL(Kay elemetrics). Results: In the stroboscopy finding, the longitudinal length of vocal folds was increased at the falsetto register and the upper margin of vocal folds vibrated with incomplete closure of true vocal folds. In aerodynamic analysis, intensity was same at the modal and falsetto register. However, MFR, Psub, MPT were higher at the falsetto register. In the electroglottographic analysis, closed quotient(CQ) at the modal register was high and also much higher at the high-pitch falsetto than at the loud falsetto. In the VRP, intensity was similar though F0 was different between modal and falsetto register. Conclusion: It implied that countertenor could produce powerful voice quality by increasing of respiratory pressure and respiratory volume though glottal closure was incomplete. In addition, no change of EGG waveform, similar voice range with alto was observed.

• 대한후두음성언어의학회지
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• 제13권2호
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• pp.151-154
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• 2002

Background and Objectives : The pitch range of the human voice is variable, extending from chest register to falsetto register. Although numerous studies have investigated after laryngeal mechanism description of falsetto tone, systematic and objective studies were lack. The purpose of this study was to systematically analyze and compare modal with falsetto voice. Materials and Methods : Seven adult baritones were selected from a larger population of volunteers at choir. Simultaneous measurements of acoustic, electroglottographic and aerodynamic study were made during /e/ sustained in two vocal registers, lowest modal and highest falsetto. Statistical analysis was performed using Wilkoxson signed rankes test. Results : In the acoustic analysis, shimmer was increased in flasetto voice(p<0.05). In the electroglottographic analysis, closed quotient(CQ), speed quotient(SQ) at the modal voice were higher than at the falsetto voice(p<0.05). In the aerodynamic analysis, and airflow rate(MFR) of falsetto voice was higher than modal voice(p<0.05). Conclusions : In the results of the study indicate that, falsetto register ineffective, inefficient, generally unpleasant because it was produced by incomplete clousure of true vocal cord. We anticipated that further study with large samples can provide an objective criteria for status and classification of singer's modal and falsetto voice.

• 말소리와 음성과학
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• 제14권4호
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• pp.67-75
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• 2022

본 연구는 53명의 음성장애 성인 여성과 53명의 정상음성 성인 여성의 진성구와 가성구 음역대 및 진성구-가성구 성구전환이 발생하는 구간을 비교하였다. 최고기본주파수(F0_MAX), 최고음성강도(I_MAX), 기본주파수범위(F0_RANGE) 및 음성강도범위(I_RANGE) 모두 음성장애군이 정상음성군에 비해 유의하게 낮았다. 또한 두 집단 모두 F0_MAX와 F0_RANGE가 진성구에 비해 가성구가 유의하게 높았다. I_MAX와 I_RANGE는 정상음성군에서 가성구가 진성구보다 유의하게 높았으나 음성장애군은 진성구와 가성구 간에 차이가 없었다. F0_MIN과 I_MIN은 두 집단 간에 통계적으로 유의한 차이는 없었다. 진성구-가성구 성구전환이 발생하는 지점의 주파수는 음성장애군은 378.86Hz(F4#), 정상음성군은 557.79Hz(C5#)로 음성장애군이 유의하게 낮았다. 본 연구를 통해 음성장애가 있는 성인 여성의 진성구와 가성구 음역대 모두 정상음성 성인 여성에 비해 감소하여 성대가 고주파수에서 진동하기 어렵다는 것을 알 수 있다. 본 연구결과는 성인 여성 음성장애 화자의 진성구와 가성구의 VRP를 함께 살펴봄으로써 음성장애가 미치는 음향학적 특성을 파악하기 위한 기초자료로 사용될 수 있을 것이다.

• 대한후두음성언어의학회지
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• 제17권2호
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• pp.115-126
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• 2006

Background and Objectives : Training of breath support and laryngeal muscles control are important components in the development of the singing voice. The purpose of this study is to compare characteristics of respiratory and phonatory control on pitch, loudness, register change with untrained males and trained male singers. Materials and Methods : The 11 untrained males and 11 trained male singers participated. Closed Quotient(CQ), fundamental frequency (fo) and relative volume contribution of the rib cage (in percentage rib cage, % RC) and relative volume contribution of abdomen (in percentage abdomen, % AB) were measured during various pitch, loudness, register tasks using /a/ vowel phonation : Legato, staccato with C3-D3-E3-F3-G3 notes and crescendo and decrescendo with C3 note as well as modal register with C3 and falsetto register with C4 note using an integrated analysis system of Respiration, EGG and Voice. Results : (1) When pitch increased with legato task, loudness also increased in untrained male group but maintained in trained male singers. CQ was also increased both untrained and trained male singers but it was not significantly different ($p>.05$). The abdomen contribution to lung volume were significantly predominant both in inhalation and exhalation in trained males singers ($p<.05$). (2) When pitch increased with staccato task, CQ was not significantly different in untrained but significantly different in trained male singers. The respiratory function of male singers were characterized by significantly predominant abdomen contribution to lung volume in exhalation except for inhalation ($p<.05$) (3) When loudness increased with crescendo, fo was significantly increased with increasing CQ in untrained males but fo was relatively consistent with increasing CQ in trained male singers. The respiratory function of male singers were characterized by significantly predominant abdomen contribution to lung volume in exhalation except for inhalation ($p<.05$). (4) Most male singers were able to change register from modal to falsetto register, but untrained males were not. Thus, CQ was significantly different between modal and falsetto register in trained male singers ($p<.05$). The respiratory function of male singers were characterized by significantly predominant abdomen contribution to lung volume in exhalation except for inhalation ($p<.05$). Conclusion : Male singers were superior to untrained males in coordination of respiratory and phonatory control on pitch, loudness, register change. Implication are offered regarding how the results might be applied to the voice therapy as well as singing training.

• 대한후두음성언어의학회지
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• 제13권2호
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• pp.132-138
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• 2002

Background and Objectives : The complex physiologic structure of the larynx can vibrate in three or more different ways that yield acuostically and perceptually distinct vocal quality. The purpose of this study is to examine the normal range of voice parameters in Multi-Channel Phonatory Function Analyzer and investigate the difference of voice parameters according to the phonatory patterns. Materials and Methods : Forty normal adult speakers (20 men and 20 women) with age ranging from third to forth decades pronounce low, comfortable, and high tone /a/ ; comfortable tone /${\ae}$/, /i/, /o/, and /u/ : fry, falsetto. Voice was analyzed by Newly developed multi-channel phonatory function analyzer. Results : The normal range of voice parameters in this system was similar to the existing data. Fry shows high jitter and falsetto low SQ. Fry and falsetto show low OQ in men but no difference in women. Jitter, OQ and SQ were different between men and women in modal register, whereas there was no gender difference in fry and falsetto. In frequency magnitude spectrum and EGG, modal register, fry and falsetto have distinguishing pattern. Conclusions : Modal register, fry and falsetto are distinguishable in voice parameters and show different vibratory patterns.

• 대한기관식도과학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한기관식도과학회 1993년도 제27차 학술대회 초록집
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• pp.70-70
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• 1993

발성시 기본주파수의 조절은 윤상갑상근과 갑상피열근의 적절한 수축 작용에 의한다는 사실은 잘 알려져 있다. 윤상갑상근의 기능은 자세히 알려져 있는데 반하여, 갑상피열근의 기능은 현재까지 생체 발성 모형이 개발되지 않아 자세한 내용을 알 수 없었기에, 저자들은 갑상피열근 기능 검사를 위한 생체 발성 모형을 고안하였다. 개의 갑상연골에 창문을 만들어서, 반회신경의 마지막 분지인 갑상피열 분지를 확인, 절단하고 전극으로 자극하도록 하였다. 유발된 음성에 대한 갑상피열근 수축의 효과는 성역의 결정에 중요한 결정 요소로 작용되며, 가성 (falsetto) 영역에서 갑상피열근의 수축은 기본주파수 하강을 초래하고, 지성 (modal) 영역에서는 반대로 기본주파수가 상승되었다. 한편, 갑상피열근의 자극에 따라 성문하압은 증가되고 성문개대율 (OQ) 은 감소되었다.

• 한국해양공학회지
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• 제34권2호
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• pp.120-127
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• 2020

Evaluation of fatigue strength considering the springing effect of very large container ships is crucial in the design stage. In this study, we established a fatigue strength evaluation method considering a linear springing component in the frequency domain. Based on a three-dimensional global model, a fluid-structure interaction analysis was performed and the modal superposition method was applied to determine the hot spot stress at the hatch corner of very large container ships. Fatigue damage was directly estimated using the stress transfer function with a linear springing response. Furthermore, we proposed a new methodology to apply the springing effect to fatigue damage using hull girder loads. Subsequently, we estimated the fatigue damage contribution due to linear springing components along the ship length. Finally, we discussed the practical application of the proposed methods.

• KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
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• 제14권3호
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• pp.1167-1187
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• 2020

With the development of medical imaging technology, image registration has been widely used in the field of disease diagnosis. The registration between different modal images of brain magnetic resonance (MR) is particularly important for the diagnosis of brain diseases. However, previous registration methods don't take advantage of the prior knowledge of bilateral brain symmetry. Moreover, the difference in gray scale information of different modal images increases the difficulty of registration. In this paper, a multimodal medical image registration method based on image segmentation and symmetric self-similarity is proposed. This method uses modal independent self-similar information and modal consistency information to register images. More particularly, we propose two novel symmetric self-similarity constraint operators to constrain the segmented medical images and convert each modal medical image into a unified modal for multimodal image registration. The experimental results show that the proposed method can effectively reduce the error rate of brain MR multimodal medical image registration with rotation and translation transformations (average 0.43mm and 0.60mm) respectively, whose accuracy is better compared to state-of-the-art image registration methods.

• 한국해양공학회지
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• 제28권3호
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• pp.185-192
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• 2014

The riser systems for floating offshore structures are known to experience tri-modal dynamic responses. These are owing to the combined loadings from the low-frequency response due to riser tension behavior, middle-range frequency response coming from winds and waves, and high-frequency response due to vortex induced-vibration. In this study, fatigue damage models were applied to predict the fatigue damages in a well-separated tri-modal spectrum, and the resultant fatigue damages of each model were compared with the most reasonable fatigue damage calculated by the inverse Fourier transform of the spectrum, rain-flow counting method, and Palmgren-Miner rule as a reference. The results show that the fatigue damage models developed for a wide-band spectrum are applicable to the tri-modal spectrum, and both the Benasciutti-Tovo and JB models could most accurately predict the fatigue damages of the tri-modal spectrum responses.

• 대한후두음성언어의학회지
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• 제5권1호
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• pp.5-10
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• 1994

1) 공기양이 증가함에 따라 성문하압(Psub)은 증가하였으나, 성문저항(R)은 감소하였다. 2) 공기양이 증가함에 따라 소리 크기(Intensity)는 증가하였다. 3) 공기양이 증가함에 따라 성문개방율(OQ)은 증가하였다. 4) 가성영역(falsetto)에서 공기양의 증가는 기본 주파수(Fo)를 증가시켰으나, 지성영역 (modal)에서는 일률적인 변화를 보이지 않았다. 5) 갑상피열분지(TA branch)를 함께 자극했을 때(modal)는 그렇지 않을 때(falsetto)에 비하여, 성문하압(Psub), 성문저항(R), 소리 크기(intensity), 기본주파수(Fo)는 모두 증가하였으나, 성문개방율(OQ)은 감소하였다.