• 농업과학연구
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• 제38권3호
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• pp.445-452
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• 2011

The object of this experiment was to investigate the food habits of Korean native goats fed with various roughage sources. The experimental trials were conducted at Unbong Animal Genetic Resources Station in 2008. The experimental roughages include five sources and 25 species in all; grasses and legumes: 5 species (mixed grasses, orchardgrass, tall fescue, alfalfa, white clover), native grasses and weeds: 5 species (mixed native grasses, Miscanthus sinensis Anderss, Arundinella hirta (Thunb.) Tanaka, Barnyard grass, short awn, forage crops and straw: 5 species (barley + hairy vetch, wheat + hairy vetch, rye silage, barley silage, baled rice straw), browse and fallen leaves: 5 species (Mixed browse, Oriental white oak, Quercus serrta Thunb., Oriental cherry fallen leaves, Japanese chestnut fallen leaves), and imported hay and straw: 5 species(timothy hay, tall fescue straw, annual ryegrass straw, klinegrass hay, alfalfa hay). Ten Korean native goats were selected which had nearly the same body weight (average $24{\pm}2.8$ kg). The chemical composition and dry matter digestibility of each roughage source and species were significantly different at the sampling area, plant species, growth stages and cutting period (p<0.05). Among all the 25 species of roughages, the favorite intake species order by Korean native goat was observed like this: Quercus aliena, Querancas serrta Thunb and Mixed browse, which was a lower intake compared to other domestic herbivores. The Korean native goats ate more roughages which had low fibrous contents, but high dry matter digestibility. The Korean native goats ate more roughages which had low fibrous contents, but high dry matter digestibility. On the other hand, compared to each roughage source, total intake amount by Korean native goats was showed as browse and fallen leaves (33.1%) among trials roughage sources. Based on these results, the food habit of Korean native goats seems to be closer to the browser.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제16권8호
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• pp.1137-1142
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• 2003

In a balanced incomplete block design, two dry Holstein cows were used to investigate the effect of $\beta$ 1-4 galactooligosaccharides (GOS) supplementation on nitrogen (N) utilization, rumen fermentation and microbial N supply in the rumen. During the experiment, cows were fed four diets: orchardgrass (Dactylis glomerata L.) silage (OS), OS with GOS supplementation (OSG), OS mixed with alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) silage (MS) and MS with GOS supplementation (MSG). GOS was supplemented at 2% of dry matter intake. Diets were fed at maintenance level of protein and energy. Results showed that N digestion was affected by silage and interaction of silage and GOS supplementation. Cows fed OSG had the highest N digested (p<0.05) followed by MS, OS and MSG. Supplementation of GOS to OS or MS diets tended to improve N utilization through reducing the N losses on dairy cows. There was no effect of GOS supplementation on rumen fermentation parameters (i.e. pH, $NH_3$-N and total VFA) at 1 h and 6 h after feeding. Compared to cows fed MS, cows fed OS silage had higher (p<0.05) allantoin excretion (80.8 vs. 67.1 mmol/d) and higher (p<0.05) total purine derivatives excretion (92.9 vs. 78.5 mmol/d). The microbial N supply in cows fed OSG was higher (p<0.05) than those fed OS, MS and MSG.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제6권1호
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• pp.35-39
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• 1977

The male rats after weaning were fed with the mixed diets of rice and some cereals for three weeks in a ad-libitum method. The growthgain of rats were determined by feeding those diets and the contents of free basic amino acids level in plasma were analyzed by amino acid analyzer. The results were as follows; 1. Rice diets group was highest in growthgain and weightgain, the second was the mixed of 80% rice-20% barley, and the last was the 80% rice-20% wheat group. 2. It was similar in the contents of plasma free basic amino acids of every diet group. The contents of Lys was highest and Arg, His were low in order. The mixed diet of 80% rice-20% barley group was higher than the rice only diet group in the contents of Lys and His. but rice only group was highest in Arg. The mixed of 80% rice-20% wheat diet group was lowest in the contents of Lys, His, Arg. Therefore feeding mixed diets of rice and cereals. the contents of Lys was highest, the second was Arg and the last was His in the plasma free basic amino acids level.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제38권1호
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• pp.3-10
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• 2005

포도씨유의 생체 내 지질대사에 미치는 효과를 평가하고자 식이급원이 상이한 들깨유 및 옥수수유를 흰쥐에게 급여하여 체내 지질패턴 및 간조직의 지방산 조성을 분석한 결과는 다음과 같다. 일반식이군과 고지방 식이를 급여받은 쥐의 체중은 7주까지 꾸준히 증가하였다. 그러나 일반식이에 들깨유을 급여받은 쥐는 7주 후 체중이 감소하였고 다른 유지군을 급여받은 군들은 8주째부터 감소하였다. 식이섭취량 은 고지방 식이군 보다 일반식이군이 높았고 식이효율은 일반식이에 들깨유을 혼합하여 급여한 군에서 유의적으로 낮았다. 혈청 지질패턴 분석결과, 총지질 농도는 들깨유을 혼합한 일반식이군과 고지방 식이군에서 유의적으로 감소하였고 중성지방과 인지질 농도는 일반식이군에게 들깨유 급여시 유의적으로 낮았다. HDL-C은 일반식이군이 고지방 식이군보다 유의적으로 높게 나타났으나 일반식이군에 포도씨, 들깨유 및 옥수수유을 혼합하여 급여한 군간에 유의적인 차이는 없었던 반면 고지방 식이군와 들깨유을 급여한 군에서 HDL-C이 유의적으로 증가하였다. LDL-C은고지방식이군과 일반식이군간에 유의적인 차이가 나타났는데, 특히 고지방식이에 들깨유을 급여한 군에서 유의적으로 낮았고 포도씨유 급여군도 감소하는 경향이었다. HDL-ChDL-C 수치가 고지방식이 군에서 다른 식이지방에 비하여 PHF군에서 유의적으로 높았던 것은 혈중 지질패턴을유익하게 바꾸어준 결과이며, 이로 인하여 동맥경화인자인Al 지수가 CHF군에 비해 PHF군과 GSHF군에서 유의적으로 감소되었다. 간조직의 총지방, 총콜레스테를 및 중성지방 함량은 일반식이군은 들깨유군에서 가장 낮았고 그다음이 포도씨유군 및 옥수수유군 순으로 관찰되었다. 간조직의지방산 조성 분석결과 고지방식이군은 포화지방산은 감소하였고 단일불포화 지방산과 다가불포화 지방산은 일반식이군에 비해 증가하였다. 따라서 본 연구결과 유지 급원에 따라함유하는 지방산 조성의 비율도 달라져 식이 급원에 의해 생체내 지방산 조성에 큰 영향을 미치는 것으로 생각된다.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제6권3호
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• pp.9-15
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• 1973

Some effect on the protein metabolism in growing albino rats by feeding on the rice mixed with wheat or barley have been studied. The species of wheat and barley used in this experiment were either 80% polished or nonpolished wheat, barley and naked barley. The growing rats to be examined were fed on 30% wheat or barley mixed with rice diets for 8 weeks. The total nitrogen, creatinine, amino acid nitrogen and urea-nitrogen contents in the liver and the creatinine and urea-nitrogen contents in the urine have been measured. The results obtained are summarized as follows: 1. The total nitrogen contents in the liver and the serum were no remarkable difference by feeding on each mixed diet, compared with the rice diet group. 2. The creatinine contents in the liver of the unpolished wheat and barley mixed diet groups were the similar to that of the rice diet group, but these were higher by feeding on the polished wheat and barley mixed with rice diets. 3. The amino acid nitrogen contents in the liver of the polished naked barley mixed with rice diet groups were the similar to that of the rice diet group, but these were higher by feeding on the other mixed diets than the rice diet. 4. The urea-nitrogen contents in the serum of the polished wheat and naked barley mixed with rice diet groups were higher than that of the rice diet group, but these were significantly lower by feeding on the polished barley mixed with rice diets than the others. 5. The creatinine and the urea-nitrogen contents in the urine of the original wheat and barley mixed with rice diet groups were higher than that of the polished wheat and barley mixed with rice diet groups. In the view of the above results, it could be seen that the protein metabolism was remarkable change according to polish of the wheat and barley.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제16권4호
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• pp.534-540
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• 2003

This study was conducted to investigate the effect of supplementation of galacto-oligosaccharides (GOS) on methane emission, nutrient digestibility, energy utilization and blood metabolites by Holstein cows fed silages. In two sequential digestion and respiratory trials, two non-lactating Holstein cows were arranged to a balanced incomplete block design. Experimental diets consisted of two silage types; orchardgrass (Dactylis glomerata L.) based silage (OS), mixed silage (orchardgrass based silage and alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) silage) (MS), while two GOS levels were without supplementation (0) and 2% of dry matter intake supplementation (2). Four combination diets were OS-0, OS-2, MS-0 and MS-2. Significant effects of silage types and GOS supplementation levels were not observed for DM and OM intake. Whereas the digestibility of OM, NDF and ADF was significantly (p<0.05) higher in cows fed OS with and without GOS compared cows fed MS diets. As percentage of GE intake, fecal energy loss for OS diets was significantly (p<0.05) declined than for MS diets. In contrast, cows fed MS diets had lower (p<0.05) urine energy loss as a proportion of GE intake compared to OS diets. Energy loss as CH4 and heat production was numerically increased when cows fed both OS and MS with GOS supplementation. Compared to OS, CH4 emission in cows fed MS was numerically decreased by 10.8 %. Methane conversion ratio (energy loss as CH4 per unit of GE intake) for OS-0, OS-2, MS-0 and MS-2 were 7.1, 7.2, 6.8 and 7.0, respectively. Plasma of glucose and urea-N concentration were significantly (p<0.05) elevated from 1 h to 6 h after feeding, otherwise total protein in plasma was declined (p<0.01) at 6 after feeding.

• 대한수의학회지
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• 제36권2호
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• pp.417-428
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• 1996

In order to know the toxic effect and carcinogenic activity in rats and mice fed with juice of Korean native Petasites japonicus Maxim of its pellet(4% or 8%) which were dried, milled and mixed with basal diet, the investigations were carried out by macroscopy and histopathology. Macroscopically, although remarkable changes were not observed in the liver of mice, there were slight to moderate swelling of rat livers in the whole groups at 12 to 14 weeks after feeding and milky spots in rats fed with its juice and 8% pelleted Petasites japonicus Maxim diet and a normal diet for 1 week alternatively for 14 weeks. Moreover, moderate to severe swelling and milk spots were recognized in livers of all rats fed with its juice and 8% pellet or 8% pelleted Petasites japonicus Maxim for 16 weeks. But, in cases of rats fed with its juice and 4% pellet or 4% pelleted Petasites japonicus Maxim, only swelling of livers was recognized moderately or severely. Histopathologically, major lesions were found in livers of both rats and mice. There were congestion, hemorrhage, fatty change, focal necrosis, megalocytosis and hyperplasia of endothelial cell in livers of mice and rats, the additional lesions such as proliferation of bile duct and nodular regeneration with diffuse regenerating cells were seen in livers of rats. In addition, preneoplastic lesions, the areas of milky spots macroscopically, were observed in livers of rats fed with Petasites japonicus Maxim for 14 to 16 weeks. In a few cases, haemangioendothelial sarcoma in livers was detected in rats fed with Petasites japonicus Maxim for 16 weeks. Petasites japonicus maxim growing naturally in Korea seem to exhibit toxic effect especially in liver and it contained a causative agent of primary liver tumors.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제11권6호
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• pp.697-701
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• 1998

In order to improve silage quality and utilization of napier grass (Pennisetum purpureum Schum.) by goats, the grass was ensiled with molasses (MOL) and/or defatted rice bran (DRB). Napier grass was harvested at the growing stage in July and cut into 3 cm length. The grass was mixed with 4% MOL and/or 15% DRB, ensiled 15 kg each into plastic bags and stored for 9 months. Dry matter content of the silage ensiled with MOL (MOL-silage) was 13.4%, but increased to 20% with DRB addition. The addition of MOL decreased pH value and ammonia nitrogen content, but increased lactic acid content. MOL-silage contained about 6% spoilage, but addition of DRB decreased spoilage to less than 1%. Goats were fed the silage at a level of 2.25% (DM basis) of their body weight. Goats fed DRB- or MOL/DRB-silages maintained nitrogen retention, but goats fed MOL-silage did not. The rumen fluid of goats fed DRB-silage tended to be higher in acetic acid and lower in propionic acid than those fed the other silages. Ammonia in the rumen fluids, urea nitrogen in the blood and the urinary nitrogen excretion were the lowest in goats fed MOL/DRB-silage. As the result, the ratio of retained nitrogen to nitrogen intake was the highest in goats fed MOL/DRB-silage. In conclusion, addition of DRB to napier grass increased DM of silage and decreased the volume of spoilage. The combination of MOL and DRB can improve the fermentation quality and thus enhance the utilization of the silage by goats, more than the MOL or DRB being as a single treatment.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제18권4호
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• pp.479-482
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• 2005

The nutritional worth of Sarson Saag Waste (SSW), a cannery waste, was assessed in comparison with conventional complete diet as a total mixed ration (TMR), and a conventional green fodder, Avena sativa. Each diet was offered ad libitum, supplemented with mineral mixture and common salt, to 4 male murrah buffaloes. The control TMR was made iso-nitrogenous to SSW. Simultaneously, each diet was offered to 3 rumen fistulated male buffaloes for assessing the biochemical changes in the rumen. The nutrient digestibility of unconventional SSW was comparable to that of conventional green fodder-A. sativa but significantly (p<0.05) higher than that of control TMR. The tri-chloro acetic acid (TCA) precipitable-N in the strained rumen liquor of animals fed SSW was considerably higher than that of animals fed A.sativa. The urinary excretion of total purine derivatives was comparable in animals fed SSW and conventional green fodder but significantly (p<0.05) higher than those fed conventional control TMR. The significantly (p<0.05) lower purine nitrogen index (PNI) in animals fed control TMR resulted in significantly (p<0.05) lower microbial protein synthesis than that in animals fed SSW and conventional green fodder. The N-excretion as per cent of nitrogen intake was significantly (p<0.05) lower in animals fed SSW as compared to either of the conventional feeds tested, resulting in significantly (p<0.05) higher Nretention and apparent biological value. SSW supplemented with mineral mixture could serve as an excellent source of nutrients for ruminants.

• Biotechnology and Bioprocess Engineering:BBE
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• 제9권4호
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• pp.326-329
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• 2004

Corynebacterium acetoacidophilum RYU3161 was cultivated in a L-histidine-limited fed-batch culture. To investigate the effect of cell growth on the L-proline production, 5 L fed-batch culture was performed using an exponential feeding rate to obtain the specific growth rates $(\mu)$ of 0.04, 0.06, 0.08, and 0.1 $h_1$. The results show that the highest production of L-proline was obtained at $\mu$ = 0.04 $h_1$. The specific L-proline production rate $(Q_p)$ increased pro-portionally as a function of the specific growth rate, but decreased after it revealed the maxi-mum value at $\mu$ = 0.08 $h_1$. Thus, the highest productivity of L-proline was 1.66 g $L^-^1 h^-^1$ at $\mu$ = 0.08 $h_1$. The results show that the production of L-proline in C. acetoacidophilum RYU3161 has mixed growth-associated characteristics.