• Proceedings of the KIEE Conference
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• 2000.07e
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• pp.26-28
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• 2000

A novel oxidant generation and ion precipitation cell with slits on parallel plate electrodes system has been proposed and an effect of the number and size of slits on ion precipitation and oxidant generation characteristics. As a result, with the electrodes with 48 slits($S=200{\times}60[mm^2]$. d = 1.5, 5.0 [mm]), it is found that the oxidant contained waters of 17.0 [ppmm] and 23.5 [ppmm] in acid water were obtained with 0.1 [wt%] NaCl dissolved tap water fed. And oxidant contained waters of 0.5 [ppmm] and 1.5 [ppmm] in alkali water were obtained with 0.1 [wt%] NaCl dissolved tap water fed. And the oxidant contained waters of 7.0 [ppmm] and 11.5 [ppmm] in mixed water were obtained with tap water and 0.1 [wt%] NaCl dissolved tap water fed. Consequently, very high ion precipitation and dense oxidant generation characteristics can be realized by having slits on the electrodes of conventional cells as these slits increase the electric fields and decrease the space charge limiting actions in interelectrode space.

• Proceedings of the Korea Society of Poultry Science Conference
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• 2000.11a
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• pp.63-65
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• 2000

Two experiments were conducted to investigate the effects of feeding single or combined probiotics on performance and intestinal microflora of broiler chicks for five weeks. Diets based on corn and soybean meal contained 21.50, 19.0% CP and 3,100, 3,150 kcal/kg ME for starting and finishing period, respectively. Lactobacillus salvarius isolated from chicks intestine(LSC), Lactobacillus salvarius isolated from piglet(LSP) Bacillus polyfermenticus(BP) were fed with alone and mixed ones at the level of 0.21 and 0.1% in experiment 1 and 2. Three hundred eighty four chicks were randomly assigned to eight treatment with four replicates of 12 chicks each per treatment. Weight gain, feed consumption, feed conversion ratio(FCR) were weekly measured for 5 weeks. The number of intestinal microflora was examined at the end of experiment. There were no significant different weight gain of all treatment in both experiments. Feed consumption were not shown consistency. Chicks fed LSC alone showed the lowest feed conversion ratio of all treatment in experiment 1, but was not consistency in experiment 2. The number of Lactobacillus spp. tended to increase in chicks ileum fed probiotics treatments, whereas it was not consistency in cecum. The number of ileal E. coli was not decreased in BP treatment.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.28 no.3
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• pp.670-676
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• 1999

The effect of exercise and/or high fat diet on carnitine status and carnitine palmitoyltransferase I(CPT I) level were investigated in Weanling Sprague Dawley rats. The rats were fed an AIN 76 diet or a modified high fat AIN diet, supplemented with 35% corn oil, for 31 days. During the 31 day period half of the animals in each dietary group were exercised on a treadmill for 90 minutes per day. Carnitine concentrations were determined in plasma and liver and CPT I mRNA levels were measured by Northern blot analysis with CPT I cDNA probe in livers of rats. Exercise rats gained less weight than non exercised rats during the study for high fat diet group. Exercise rats had a higher plasma acid soluble acylcarnitine and acid insoluble acylcarnitine concnetrations than non exercised rats for normal diet group. Exercise or high fat diet increased liver carnitine concentration, but a mixed effect was not shown. In exercised rats, CPT I mRNA levels increased significantly relative to those of nonexercised rats. CPT I mRNA levels also increased when compared high fat fed rats with those of normal diet fed rats. These data suggest that there is a correlation between carnitine concen trations and CPT I mRNA levels and that CPT I can be regulated at the transcriptional level by exercise and/or high fat diet.

• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.3 no.3
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• pp.172-176
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• 1970

This research dealt with the nutrient value of the seaweed, Sargessum horneri (Turner) C. Ag. which showed the highest nutrient value in the previous exporiment (Park 1968). Its objective was to find the most effective mixing ratio of ordinary chicken feed used for pullet. In order to investigate the most effective mixing ratio, seven kinds of sample feed with vary-ing amounts of the seaweed as shown in table 2 were prepared and were fed to seven groups of chickens, each group consisting of twenty, four week old, pullets. In addition, the effect of sodium glutaminate mixed in the feed was also investigated, and the following result was obtained. The average increase in body weight of each group during the experiment period was determined. The group fed with the feed containing $10\%$ powdered Sargassum horneri (Turner) C. Ag. showed the highest body weight increase. In this experiment the body weight increase was accelerated by mixing $0.5\%$ sodium glutaminate In the above feed.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.30 no.5
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• pp.653-659
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• 2017

Objective: This trial was performed to examine the effects of ruminally degradable starch (RDS) levels in total mixed ration (TMR) with low corn-based starch on the milk production, whole-tract nutrient digestibility and nitrogen balance in dairy cows. Methods: Eight multiparous Holstein cows (body weight [BW]: $717{\pm}63kg$; days in milk [DIM]: $169{\pm}29$) were assigned to a crossover design with two dietary treatments: a diet containing 62.3% ruminally degradable starch (% of total starch, low RDS) or 72.1% ruminally degradable starch (% of total starch, high RDS). Changes to the ruminally degradable levels were conducted by using either finely ground corn or steam-flaked corn as the starch component. Results: The results showed that dry matter intake, milk yield and composition in dairy cows were not affected by dietary treatments. The concentration of milk urea nitrogen was lower for cows fed high RDS TMR than low RDS TMR. The whole-tract apparent digestibility of neutral detergent fiber, acid detergent fiber and crude protein decreased, and that of starch increased for cows fed high RDS TMR over those fed low RDS TMR, with no dietary effect on the whole-tract apparent digestibility of dry matter and organic matter. The proportion of urinary N excretion in N intake was lower and that of fecal N excretion in N intake was higher for cows fed high RDS TMR than those fed low RDS TMR. The N secretion in milk and the retention of N were not influenced by the dietary treatments. Total purine derivative was similar in cows fed high RDS TMR and low RDS TMR. Consequently, estimated microbial N flow to the duodenum was similar in cows fed high RDS TMR and low RDS TMR. Conclusion: Results of this study show that ruminally degradable starch levels can influence whole-tract nutrient digestibility and nitrogen balance in dairy cows fed low corn-based starch diets, with no influence on performance.

• Reproductive and Developmental Biology
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• v.34 no.3
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• pp.247-252
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• 2010

This study was carried out between 2008 and 2009 in four dairy farms to investigate the effect of feeding of whole crop barley silage on the reproductive performance of Holstein heifers. Two diets, mixed hay or whole crop barley silage separately from concentrate were fed 6-month old Holstein heifers (=37). In control group (=CON), heifers (n=16) were fed 6 kg (/head) mixed hay and 4 kg (/head) commercial diet. In whole crop barley silage group (=WBS), heifers (n=21) were fed 10 kg (/head) whole crop barley silage, 4 kg (/head) mixed hay and 2 kg (/head) commercial diet. To manage body weight gain, the body condition score of heifers were measured every month. The results obtained were as follows: 1. Body weight in CON and WBS heifers at 13-, 14-, 15- and 17-month old were $340{\pm}17.9$ and $342{\pm}13.6\;kg$, $356{\pm}15.7$ and $366{\pm}14.7\;kg$, $382{\pm}13.1$ and $387{\pm}14.4\;kg$, and $429{\pm}15.0$ and $417{\pm}10.3\;kg$, respectively. 2. Body condition score in CON and WBS heifers at 9-, 12-, 15- and 17-month old were $2.88{\pm}0.04$ and $2.80{\pm}0.04$, $2.88{\pm}0.04$ and $2.80{\pm}0.04$, $2.89{\pm}0.08$ and $3.00{\pm}0.07$, and $2.89{\pm}0.08$ and $3.00{\pm}0.07$, respectively. 3. Average age of sexual maturity in CON and WBS heifers were $437.3{\pm}9.9$days and $939.6{\pm}12.5$days, WBS group heifers were significantly shorter (p<0.05) than CON group heifers. 4. First-service conception rates in CON or WBS group were 81.3% (13/16) and 66.7% (14121), respectively, and cumulative conception rate to 2nd artificial insemination were 87.5% for CON and 85.7% for WBS group. Conception rate was not different between treatments.

• Journal of Environmental Science International
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• v.17 no.5
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• pp.537-546
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• 2008

The experiment was conducted to determine the effect of the mixed herbal medicine for the substitution of antibiotics on the performance of laying hens. Day old hyline 1,500 layer chicks were randomly assigned to 4 treatments. Control were 600 and three each treatment was 300. Eggs were collected at every weeks for measuring egg production and week 26, 27, 28 for chemical analyses. Chemical analyses were done for fatty acid profile of egg yolks, amino acid, antibiotics residue in eggs(collect eggs after supplying OTC 21ppm/bird/day to control for four day at 26, 27, 28) during the laying period($19{\sim}77wk$). On $0{\sim}4$ week, T-3 showed higher feed intake than those fed the other diets and on $5{\sim}13$ week, T-2 showed highest feed intake among treatments. After birds were moved ($14{\sim}18$ wk) CT-3 showed highest, but for overall rearing period, there was not significantly different among treatments. In conclusion the mixed herbal medicine did not tended to influence palatability to rearing birds. Egg quality(egg yolk color, haugh unit, eggshell breaking strength) showed no difference among treatments. Ratio of unsaturated fatty acid (mg/100g)/saturated fatty acid (mg/100g) was not difference among treatments, but linolenic acid and docosahexaenoic acid(DHA) of the mixed herbal medicine treatments showed higher then control. The antibiotics residue of CT, T treatments egg was not detected and control was not detected or below allowance. In conclusion the mixed herbal medicine can be possible to feed laying hen without antibiotics.

• Korean Journal of Agricultural Science
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• v.48 no.1
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• pp.171-178
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• 2021

A comparative study was conducted to examine the effects of mixed and separate gender feeding on growth performance of Korean native chickens (KNC) against a white semi-broiler (WSB) and a commercial broiler (CB) over five weeks. 576 chicks were used with eight birds per cage in a randomized complete block design with 18 replicates per breed. For the KNC lines, three groups of male (M), female (F) and mixed-gender (FM) were used. Fresh water and feed were supplied on an ad-libitum basis. Birds were fed a standard starter (d 1 - 22) and grower diet (d 23 - 35). Body weight (BW), feed intake, and shank length (SL) were measured weekly. From the BW and feed consumed data, the average daily feed intake (ADFI), average daily gain (ADG), and feed conversion ratio (FCR) were calculated. The commercial broiler showed higher performance (p < 0.05) for all the indices measured for the entire period. The CB group consumed more feed and were more feed-efficient thus grew faster. This group was followed by the white semi-broiler and the KNC, in order. An intra-breed comparison for KNCs revealed that the males showed better growth performance with longer SL (p < 0.05) compared to the female and mixed-gender groups. The results showed that other than the breed type, mixed and separate gender feeding impacted on the growth performance of the two lines of Korean native chickens. Males for both lines of KNC generally performed better for the parameters measured, as determined by a greater BW and reduced FCR.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.9 no.3
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• pp.1-7
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• 1976

This study was carried out to observe the nutritive effects of feeding rice diet and rice diet mixed with barley or millet, or both on the growth rate and biological availability of some nutrients by albino rats. The experimental diets were prepared on the basis of isocaloric and isonitrogenous containing 357 kcal of energy and 12g of protein per 100g of diet. The experimental animals weighing about 66g of both sexes were fed on 7 kinds of diets such as control diet, rice (100%) diet, rice (70%)+barley (30%) diet, rice (70%)+millet (30%) diet, rice (70%)+barley (20%)+millet (10%) diet, rice (70%)+barley (15%)+millet (15%) diet, and rice (70%)+barley (10%)+millet (20%) diet for 7 weeks. The results obtained are summarized as follows; 1. The gain in body weight was higher for barley and/or millet mixed with rice diet groups than rice diet group with no statistical difference. 2. Although there was no difference in the amount of food consumed by experimental groups, the food efficiency ratio was sightly higher for the miked diet groups than rice atone diet group. 3. The protein efficiency ratio was also higher for barley and millet miked with rice diet groups than rice diet group, although statistical significance was not found. 4. Apparent digestibility of protein of rice diet group was significantly (P<0.01) higher than any other diet group. Although there was no remarkable difference between mixed diet group was found, the apparent digestibility of protein tended to increase when rats were fed on the barley and millet mixed with rice diet. Apparent biological value (p<0.05) and net protein utilization (p<0.01) were also significantly higher for the groups fed mixed diet with barley and/or millet than rice diet group, and those for millet alone mixed diet were slightly lower. 5. The content of total nitrogen in the liver and of protein in serum were not significantly different among experimental groups. It may be concluded from the above results that an adequate supplementation of rice with other cereals and mixing ratio of other cereals to rice were important for the efficient utilization of protein in total diet.

• Transactions of the Korean hydrogen and new energy society
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• v.29 no.5
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• pp.503-511
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• 2018

There have been many studies of combustion in the circulating fluidized bed. However, little study is available for combustion of wood pellet together fed with wood chip. The mixed ratio of two fuels is an useful information when thermal power company would receive the Renewable Energy Portfolio Standard (RPS) from government. In this study, the combustion behavior and kinetics of such biomass fuels are evaluated using fluidized bed reactor and thermogravimetric analyzers. The mixing ratio of wood chip relative to wood pellet was varied at different temperatures. The results show that a combustion reactivity changed significantly at the wood chip mixing ratio of 40%, particularly at low temperature condition.