• 생명과학회지
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• 제11권1호
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• pp.76-82
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• 2001

Fifteen species of microorganisms were isolate form the intestines of fishes, fish feed, and ferment. Eleven microorganisms except HY4, HY8, HY12, and HY13 were Gram-positive, and HY1, HY2, HY3, HY5, HY6, and HY7 produced lactic acid. The species of HY1, HY2, HY3, HY4, HY5, HY6, HY13, and HY14 showed some growth in the medium containing 1% of NaCl. Except HY6, HY7, HY8, HY12 and HY5, 10 isolates had proteolytic activity, whereas only HY13 and HY14 had lipase activity. From all the results four isolates (HY3, HY4, HY13 and HY14) were chosen for the degradation of fish wastes. There was no mutual inhibition among the microorganisms, and the optimum temperature and pH for the growth of the mixed culture were found to be 3 2$\^{C}$ and 7, respectively. Under the optimum growth conditions the maximum optical density and the maximum specific growth rate were estimated to be 2.35 and {TEX}$0.46h^{-1}${/TEX}, respectively. Major microorganisms in the mixed culture at the log-phase were HY3 and HY4, which occupied 70%. The degrading efficiency of fish waste by the mixed microorganisms was 2.3 times higher, compared to control. The total amount of free amino acids in the degraded products from fish wastes was 39g/100g protein and little odor was produced by the mixed microorganisms after 48 hours.

• 한국식품저장유통학회지
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• 제22권5호
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• pp.768-777
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• 2015

본 연구에서는 와인제조에 있어 향미 증진과 같은 품질향상에 도움이 된다고 알려진 Pichia anomala JK04와 일반적으로 와인 양조에 주로 이용되고 있는 Saccharomyces cerevisiae Fermivin을 혼합 발효하여 감와인의 발효 특성을 비교하였다. 감와인의 발효특성 결과 발효 종료 시 대부분의 실험구에서 pH 4.0~4.2, 총산 0.5~0.6%를 나타내었다. 당도와 환원당 함량 변화는 발효가 진행될수록 점차 감소하여 S. cerevisiae Fermivin 단독 발효구와 P. anomala JK04 혼합 첨가 발효구에서 발효 종료시점에서 대부분의 당이 소비되었다. 최종 알코올 함량은 S. cerevisiae Fermivin 단독 발효구와 S. cerevisiae Fermivin과 P. anomala JK04의 혼합첨가 발효구에서 알코올 생성이 빨랐으며 발효 종료 시 모든 구의 알코올 농도는 12~13%를 나타내었다. 각 첨가구의 총 페놀성 화합물 함량은 0.05 mg/mL로 초기 페놀성 화합물 함량과 비슷한 수준을 유지하였다. 감와인의 hue value는 발효 초기에 비해 증가하여 4~5의 값을 나타내었고, intensity value는 발효초기 0.5의 값에서 점차 감소하여 발효 종료 시까지 0.1~0.2의 값을 유지하였으며 휘발성 향기성분의 경우 P. anomala JK04의 첨가 비율이 높을수록 S. cerevisiae Fermivin 단독발효구 보다 다양한 알코올류, 에스테르류가 생성되었다. 관능검사 결과에서 향기와 맛의 평가에서 P. anomala JK04를 첨가한 모든 혼합 발효구에서 S. cerevisiae Fermivin 단독발효구 보다 높은 점수를 얻었다.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• 제34권12호
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• pp.3877-3880
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• 2013

• 한국환경보건학회지
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• 제16권1호
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• pp.45-53
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• 1990

To investigate the effect of cultural condition on the aflatoxin production of Aspergillus flayus ATCC 15517, mixed culture with Aspergillus niger, better kind of media and size of Cultural vessels were examined. YES medium was better than SLS medium for this study. Small scale test tube culture was showed the possibility to simply examine the growth, total acidity, pH and aflatoxin production during cultivation, and also could reduce the second contamination of aflatoxin B1 from large scale broth cultured. Especially ELISA method is simple, sensitive and specific and therefore well suited to small scale of test tube culture. Mixed culture significantly reduced the aflatoxin production of Aspergillus fiavus ATCC 15517 and showed almost 95% inhibition of that level during the incubtation.

• 한국축산식품학회지
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• 제25권4호
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• pp.483-493
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• 2005

우유와 두유를 혼합하여 요구르트를 제조하고자 스타터에 따른 발효물의 성상을 시험하였다. 4종류의 서로 다른 스타터를 접종한 모든 처리구에서 배양 15시간 후 pH는 lactic culture 2(B. longum, L. acidophilus, S. thermophilus)를 제외한 나머지 처리구에서 $4.16\~3.75$ 사이로 나타나 발효 촉진효과가 있었고, 산 생성은 우유와 두유의 홉합비가 2:1이고 lactic culture 1 [Lactobacillus delbrueckii ssp. bulgaricus(LB12), Streptococcus salivarius ssp. thermophilus(ST36)]을 스타터로 사용한 요구르트에서 가장 높게 나타났다. 생균수는 1:3 비율에서 15시간째 Lactobacillus salivarius subsp. salivarius CNU27을 스타터로 사용한 균에서 $2.17\times10^9 cfu/mL$로서 최대 균수를 나타내었다. 두유 혼합요구르트에서 생산된 유기산의 함량을 측정한 바, 유기산 생산 중 lactic acid인 경우 lactic culture 1 [Lacto-bacillus delbrueckii ssp. bulgaricus(LB12), Streptococcus salivarius ssp. thermophihus(ST36)]을 스타터로 사용했을 때 1:1에서 412.52 mM로 가장 높았다. Acetic acid인 경우는 혼합비 3:1에서 lactic culture 2(B. longum, L. acidophilus, S. thermophilus)가 394.01mM로 가장 높게 생산되었다. 당 분해율은 혼합비 1:3에서 Lactobacillus salivarius subsp. salivarius CNU27를 스타터로 사용한 요구르트에서 대조구와 비교해 stachyose가 $53.92\%$로 가장 많이 분해되었다. 점도는 두유 혼합비가 가장 높은 1:3 처리구에서 $1,300\~1,660 cP$ 로 가장 높게 나타났다. 관능검사 결과는 2:1 혼합비에서 Lactobacillus acidophilus KCTC3150를 스타터로 사용한 요구르트가 $4.17\pm0.69,$ 3: 1 혼합비에서 Lactobacillus salivarius subsp. salivarius CNU27를 스타터로 사용한 요구르트가 $4.00\pm0..58$으로 기호도가 가장 좋은 것으로 나타났다.

• 한국식생활문화학회지
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• 제29권4호
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• pp.355-363
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• 2014

The purpose of this study was to investigate the rheological characteristics of medium wheat flour mixed with bamboo leaf and lotus leaf powders. Rheological properties of the mixed flours were tested based on falling number, color, RVA, farinogram, and rheofermentometer analyses. Falling numbers increased with addition of bamboo leaf and lotus leaf powders. The L values of all mixed flours were less than that of control. The 1% mixed flour sample containing bamboo leaf and lotus leaf powders was not significantly different from 3% mixed flour. The a values of the mixed flour decreased as bamboo and lotus powders increased, whereas b values increased. Addition of bamboo leaf and lotus leaf powders to flour reduced peak viscosity, holding strength, and final viscosity. The set back values of mixed wheat flour containing bamboo leaf powder were lower than those of mixed wheat flour containing lotus leaf powder, suggesting that bamboo leaf powder suppressed retrogradation of flour compared to lotus leaf powder. In the farinogram, the water absorption and consistency of the flours containing bamboo and lotus leaf powders increased, whereas development time and stability decreased. The fermentation time of dough with lotus leaf powder was less than that of dough with bamboo leaf powder.

• 한국식품과학회지
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• 제6권4호
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• pp.231-240
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• 1974

탄화수소자화성균주인 C. tropicalis var. KIST 76과 비(非)자화성균주인 T. cutaneum KIST 76-H의 혼합배양을 이용한 탄화수소효모(炭化水素酵母)의 생산기술을 개발하기 위하여 시험공강규모 회분(回分)배양연구를 수행하였는바 그 결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 1. C. tropicalis var. KIST 76과 T. cutaneum KIST 76-H는 안정한 혼합배양계(培養界)를 형성하며 균체수율, 단백질함량 및 균체생산속도는 각각 102%, 57.6% 및 3.2 g/l,hr로서 단독배양의 71%, 52% 및 2.4 g/l,hr에 비하여 현저히 향상된 우수한 산업균주(産業菌株)임을 알았다. 2. 혼합배양균주의 임계용존(臨界溶存)산소농도 및 친화성(親和性), km 값은 각각 1.5ppm, 0.228 ppm이였으며 최적조건에서 산소요구량은 9.2 mmole $O_2/g$ cell,hr였다. 한편 시험공장 발효조의 산소전달량은 $140{\sim}230$ m mole $O_2/l,hr$로서 필요한 산소량을 공급할 수 있었다. 3. 혼합균주의 생육적온(適溫)은 $33{\sim}36^{\circ}C$였으며 최적 pH 는 5.0이다. 그러나 pH 4.0에서 비증식속도, 균체생산성, 균체성분에 큰 영향을 주지 않고 무살균(無殺菌)조업이 가능하였다. 4. 최적 n-paraffin농도는 $1.5{\sim}2$ g/l이며 기질농도가 증가할수록 균체수율은 감소하였으나 비증식속도, 균체성분에는 큰 영향이 없었다.

• 한국식생활문화학회지
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• 제26권4호
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• pp.307-313
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• 2011

The main purpose of this study was to perform a literature review regarding bibimnaengmyeon (cold buckwheat noodles mixed with sauce)-related recipes. To conduct this research, we analyzed recipe data published in Korea from the 1800's to the 1980's. The research was conducted by content analysis and literature review. The documents used in the research were 30 books (dictionaries and recipe books). A total of 37 bibimnaengmyeon-related recipes were identified. The results of the analysis of documented data published within the last 200 years showed two different types of main ingredients for bibimnaengmyeon-related recipes; noodles based on buckwheat flour, and noodles based on wheat flour. Additionally, the bibimnaengmyeon-related recipes were divided according to the sauce; 1) noodles mixed with red pepper sauce and 2) noodles mixed with soy sauce.

• 한국패류학회지
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• 제21권1호
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• pp.65-70
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• 2005

The purpose of this study is to determine the appropriate substrate for larval settlement and spat growth in the purple clam, Saxidomus purpuratus in laboratory culture. Larvae were reared with 3 different types of sediments (mud, sand, and mixed) for 46 days in settlement experiment, and settled spats were further grown in 3 types of sediments for 36 weeks in growth experiment. The density of settled spats in muddy sediments was more than 2 times higher than those in mixed or sandy sediments. But, the average size of settled spats in muddy sediments was smaller than those in mixed or sandy sediments. After 36 weeks of growth period, growth rate decreased as shell length increased. When shell length was less than 2 mm, growth rate in mixed sediments was significantly higher than that in sandy sediments. When shell length was more than 2 mm, there was no significant difference in growth rate among different substrates. Sediment type affected growth rate only when the spats were relatively small (less than 2 mm). Muddy sediments seems better for larval settlement, while mixed sediments is best for spat growth. We suggest the laboratory procedure for enhancing seedling production of S. purpuratus.

• 한국미생물·생명공학회지
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• 제22권6호
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• pp.685-691
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• 1994

The biodegradation of aromatic compounds by mixed and monoculture was investigated in an artificial wastewater containing 500 mg/l of benzene(B), phenol(P), and toluene(T) in various combinations. None of three strains utilized P-xylene(X) as a carbon source, but they grew well on p-xylene in mixtures with benzene and toluene. In the mixed culture on mixed substrate, the length of lag phase was different depending on the nature of mixture. Cell growths of Flavobac- terium sp. BEN2 and Acinetobacter sp. GEM63 were inhibited in the presence of a 500 mg/l of phenol. When the mixed culture of three strains was cultured in a bench-scale reactor containing artificial wastewater, each of benzene, phenol, and toluene was not detected at 30 hrs, 50 hrs, and 12 hrs after incubation in the treatment. The removal rates of COD$_{t}$(total COD) and COD$_{s}$,(soluble COD) of upper phase after centrifugation during early 50 hrs were ca. 80% and ca. 93.8%, respectively.