• Title/Summary/Keyword: mixed seeding

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Study on Dry Matter Yields and Persistence of Forage Plants Using Cattle Feedlot Manure in Fallow Paddy Land Located in the Mid-mountain Area (퇴구비를 시용한 중산간지 휴경답에서 초종별 영속성 및 건물생산성에 관한 연구)

  • Yoon, Sei-Hyung;Ji, Hee-Chung;Lee, Sang-Hoon;Choi, Eun-Min;Jeong, Min-Woong
    • Journal of The Korean Society of Grassland and Forage Science
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    • v.30 no.4
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    • pp.317-324
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    • 2010
  • Recently, fallow paddy land located in the mid-mountain area (FPL) due to a decrease in rice consumption has increased in some regions of our country. So, grasses and forage crops available for years in once sowing should be introduced in FPL. This study was conducted to develop the technique for cultivation of grasses and forage crops using animal manure in FPL The field experiments were carried out from 2007 to 2009 on FPL at Kumsan, Chungbuk province in Korea. Cattle feedlot manure (CFM) was prepared by mixing feces and urine of cattle with rice straw in cattle feedlot for 6 months. The experimental plots were consisted of four treatments; tall fescue-based mixed pasture applied with chemical fertilizer (Control), mono-tall fescue pasture (MTFP), tall fescue-based mixed pasture (TFBMP), mono-Perennial ryegrass (MPR-FCM), mono-Italian ryegrass (MIR-FCM), mono-Red clover (MRC-FCM) and mono-Reed canarygrass (MRCG-FCM) applied with FCM. The field of tall fescue-based pasture had been sown with a grasses mixture containing 'Fawn' tall fescue, 'potomac' orchardgrass, 'Reveille' Perennial ryegrass, and 'kenblue' Kentuky bluegrass, 'Kenland' Red clover. Seeding rates were 16, 6, 4, 2 and $2\;ha^{-1}$, respectively. DM yields of forages and rates of grass coverage was higher in MTFP, TFBMP and MRCG-FCM as compated with control treatment. This result means that FPL has contained with favorable conditions for growing grass, because forage productivity is more than 15 tons per ha per year in fallow paddy land. In addition, the farmer can save the trouble of repeated plowing and sowing every year, due to the introduction of perennial grasses. The farmer must conduct the re-seeding and induce the improvement of management methods for the elevation of the persistence of red clover and perennial ryegrass, because both red clover and perennial ryegrass having high nutritive value and palatability was less persistent. Therefore, we suggest that FPL may be the good land for forage production utilizing FCM and FCM can be applied on FPL without any negative effects on DM production and the property of soil. FPL of Korea can be better utilized by applying FCM to the mono and/or mixed swards.

Study on Dry Matter Yields and Persistence of Forage Plants Using Swine Slurry in Fallow Paddy Land Located in the Mid-mountain Area (돈분액비를 시용한 중산간지 휴경답에서 다년생 목초의 초종별 영속성 및 건물생산성에 관한 연구)

  • Yoon, Sei Hyung;Kim, Sang Woo;Lim, Young Chul;Jung, Min Woong
    • Journal of The Korean Society of Grassland and Forage Science
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    • v.32 no.4
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    • pp.411-418
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    • 2012
  • This study was conducted to develop the technique for cultivation of forage crops using swine slurry in fallow paddy land located in the mid-mountain area (FPL). The field experiments were carried out from 2007 to 2009 on FPL at Kumsan, Chungbuk province in Korea. Swine slurry was prepared which decayed for 6 months. The experimental plots were consisted of seven treatments; tall fescue-based mixed pasture applied with chemical fertilizer (Control), mono-tall fescue pasture (MTF), tall fescue-based mixed pasture (TFBM), mono-Perennial ryegrass (MPR), mono-Italian ryegrass (MIR), mono-Red clover (MRC and mono), Reed canarygrass (MRCG) applied with swine slurry. The field of tall fescue-based pasture had been sown with a grasses mixture containing 'Fawn' tall fescue, 'potomac' orchardgrass, 'Reveille' Perennial ryegrass, and 'kenblue' Kentuky bluegrass, 'Kenland' Red clover. Seeding rates were 16, 6, 4, 2 and 2 (kg) per ha, respectively. DM yields of forages and rates of grass coverage were higher in MTF, TFBM and MRCG as compared with control treatment. This result means that FPL has contained with favorable conditions for growing grass, because forage productivity is more than 14.5 tons per ha per year in fallow paddy land. In addition, the farmer can save the trouble of repeated plowing and sowing every year, with the introduction of perennial grasses. The farmer must conduct the re-seeding and induce the improvement of management methods for the elevation of the persistence of red clover and perennial ryegrass, because both red clover and perennial ryegrass having high nutritive value and palatability was less persistent. Therefore, we suggest that FPL may be the good land for forage production utilizing swine slurry and swine slurry can be applied on FPL without any negative effects on DM production and the property of soil. FPL of Korea can be better utilized by applying swine slurry to the mono and/or mixed swards.

경사도별 3요소 시용수준이 겉뿌림 산지초지에 미치는 영향 I. 총건물수량 , 수량구성요소 및 식생구성비율의 변화 ( Effects of Nitrogen , Phosphorus and Potassium Application Rates on Oversown Hilly Pasture under Different Levels of Inclination I. Changes in th

  • 정연규;이종열
    • Journal of The Korean Society of Grassland and Forage Science
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    • v.5 no.3
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    • pp.191-195
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    • 1985
  • This field experiment was undertaken to assess the effects of three levels of inclination ($10^{\circ},\;20^{\circ},\;and\;30^{\circ}$) and four rates of $N-P_2O_2-K_2O$ (O-O-O, 14-10-20, 28-25-25, and 42-40-40kg/10a) on establishment, forage yield and quality and botanical composition of new established mixed grass-clover sward. This first part is concerned with the forage yield, yield component and botanical composition. The results obtained after a two-year experiment are summarized as follows: 1. Dry matter yields of mixed grass-clover sward were greatly decreased by increasing the inclination grade of hilly pasture, whereas it of weeds was not significantly influenced. Comparing with weeds, the establishment of introduced pastures was relatively low with increasing the grade of inclination. 2. By increasing the NPK rate, the yields of grasses and mixed forages and the rate of introduced pastures were greatly increased at all grades of inclination, whereas the change in the weed yield was not significant. 3. There were the differenced in the forage yield and yield component, and efficiency of fertilizers by the grade of inclination, which indicated the necessity of different management on the selection of suitable grass species, seeding rate, amount of fertilizer application, and the methods of grassland establishment, management and utilization.

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Effect of Metalaxyl Seed-soaking Treatment on Root-mat Formation of Infant Rice Seedling in Machine Transplanting (벼 기계이앙 어린모 맷트형성 촉진을 위한 Metalaxyl 종자침종 효과)

  • Kim, Je-Kyu;Shin, Jin-Chul;Lee, Moon-Hee;Lim, Moo-Sang;Oh, Yun-Jin
    • KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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    • v.36 no.4
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    • pp.287-293
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    • 1991
  • The root-mat formation of infant rice seedlings (8- to 10-day-old) is sometime not enough for machine transplanting because of the too-short nursery period. This experiment was conducted to elucidate the effect of metalaxyl seed-soaking treatment in the mixed solution of metalaxyl, seed disinfectant and insectcides on the root-mat formation of infant rice seedling in machine transplanting. The rice seeds of Odaebyeo were soaked in the mixed solution of metalaxyl, prochloraz and insectcides. with the recommended concentrations for 24 hours at room temperature. Seeding rate was 220g per seed tray (30 x 60 x 3cm). Metalaxyl (25% wettable powder), a fungicide. was used in 1. 000 times dilution as a promoting substance on the root-mat formation. Generally, the metalaxyl-treated seeds markedly increased the root number and length, and rooting activity of infant rice seedlings as compared with the control, thus the root-mat formation was excellent. When the rice seeds were sterilized by the mixed solution of prochloraz and insectcides, metalaxyl could be used together for increasing root-mat rormation of infant rice seedlIngs due to no interaction among agro-chemicals used. Seedling damping-off and physiological seedling rot were also controled in the seedlings of metalaxy-treated seeds. The root-mat of metalxyl-treated seeds had higher hardness and tension than control in terms of physical properties.

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Clinical Experience of Small-cell Carcinomas of the Stomach (위에 발생한 소세포암의 임상 경험)

  • Kim, Hyoung-Ju;Park, Moon-Hyang;Kwon, Sung-Joon
    • Journal of Gastric Cancer
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    • v.5 no.4 s.20
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    • pp.252-259
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    • 2005
  • To clarify the clinicopathologic features of small-cell carcinomas (SCC) of the stomach, we reviewed three cases of surgically treated SCC. The first case was a pure SCC, with severe pancreatic invasion and peritoneal seeding. A gastro-jejunostomy was performed. Postoperative chemotherapy was performed with CDDP and VP-16 (8 cycles) but showed disease progression (PD); a consecutive chemotherapy with CDDP and irinotencan (2 cycles) also showed PD. A third line with CDDP, VP16, ifosfamide, and mesna was followed by a 4th line (CDDP and Taxol). The male patient died with liver metastasis and peritoneal seeding 14 months after the operation. The second case was a SCC mixed with a poorly differentiated adenocarcinoma. Profound lymphadenopathy and liver metastasis were found. Two cycles of preoperative chemotherapy with TS-1 and CDDP were performed, which showed nearly complete remission for lymphadenopathy and partial response for the primary tumor site and liver metastatic lesion. A total gastrectomy and extended lymphadenectomy was performed. There were no viable cancer cells in 35 retrieved lymph nodes. Postoperative chemotherapy using the same regimen was performed for 4 cycles. Enlarged liver metastasis was found at the follow-up CT scan, so a posterior segmentectomy of liver was performed. After liver surgery, the chemotherapy regimen was changed to irinotecan and cisplatin. This male patient has been in good health for the f4 months since gastric surgery. The third case was a pure SCC, and a subtotal gastrectomy was performed curatively. That male patient received 5 cycles of TS-1 and is still in good health 14 months after operation.

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Pull-out Strength Characteristics of Revegetation Species Root used for Forest Road Slope (임도사면 녹화식물뿌리의 인발강도특성에 관한 연구)

  • Ji, Byoung Yun;Jung, Do Hyun;Chun, Kwon Suk;Kim, Jong Yoon
    • Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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    • v.95 no.1
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    • pp.45-49
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    • 2006
  • The objective of this study is to offer a basic information to select the plant species for environmentally friendly forest road by quantifying the pull-out strength by 18 species used for a revegetation of forest road slope. In the investigation of the root depth growth during 17 months, Indigobush amorpha showed maximum depth of 34.0 cm and perennial ryegrass showed minimum depth of 17.7 cm among all species. The pull-out strength by herb species was $0.054ton/m^2/plant$ for exotic species, $0.085ton/m^2/plant$ for indigenous species, and by shrub species was $0.049ton/m^2/plant$. There were no large difference among herb species in pull-out strength, but shrub species were approximately 9 times stronger than herb species. Thus, for maximizing tightening effect and use of inner soil space. The mixed seeding using herb for erosion control and shrub for shallow failure protection would make up optimal revegetation of forest road slope.

Effects of Different Germination Characteristics, Sowing Date and Rain Sheltered Cultivation on Stable Seed Production in Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi (황금 종자 안정생산을 위한 발아특성, 파종적기, 비가림 시설효과)

  • Kim, Myeong Seok;Kim, Yong Soon;Choi, Jin Gyung;Park, Heung Gyu;Shin, Hae Ryoung;Kim, Seong Il;Kim, Young Guk;Park, Chun Geun;Ahn, Young Sup;Cha, Seon Woo;Kim, Kwan Su
    • Korean Journal of Medicinal Crop Science
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    • v.24 no.2
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    • pp.101-109
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    • 2016
  • Background: The purpose of this study was to evaluate methods to reduce seeding expenses, thereby increasing farm income. This study investigated the effects of rain shelter controlled cultivation and adapted seeding times on the stable seed production of Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi. Methods and Results: Seed germination was conducted under 10 condition compose to control, water washing, cold storage at $4^{\circ}C$ for 15 days, seed sterilization with a benomyl pesticides, hormone treated seed by submerging in 100 ppm $GA_3$ with the cold storage at $20^{\circ}C$ and $25^{\circ}C$, darkness in a covered petridish and illuminated with a 1,500 Lux lamp. There were three cultivation type, open cultivation with non-woven fabric mulching, cultivation with a vinyl covering and rain sheltered in a plastic greenhouse. Sowing dates were April 27, May 18, June 7 and June 28, 2013. Plants were spaced 10 cm apart in rows 30 cm apart. Mixed oil cake fertilizer, $N-P_2O_5-K_2O$ (12-10-10) was applied at $600kg{\cdot}10a^{-1}$. Conclusions: Optimum germination occured in darkness at $25^{\circ}C$ and cold storage after submerging in $GA_3$. The highest seed yields ($4.5kg{\cdot}10a^{-1}$) occurred in the plastic greenhouse for the April 25 sowing. The highest root yield (17%) was found on April 1, under greenhouse conditions.

Changes in Feed Value of Barley and Pea by Different Seeding Rates and Cutting Dates in Mixed Sowing Cultivation (보리와 완두의 혼파재배에서 혼파비율과 예취시기에 따른 사료가치의 변화)

  • Oh, Tae-Seok;Kim, Chang-Ho;Lee, Hyo-Won
    • KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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    • v.54 no.3
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    • pp.279-286
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    • 2009
  • This study carried out to find out feed value of barley plus pea mixture with different ratio and cutting date to got basic information when introduced the mixture as new cropping system in middle part of Korean peninsular. Dry matter (DM) yield increased as barley seeding rate was higher and showed the highest yield in the plots with barley 85% plus 15% ratio when harvested on May 16. There was no different in crude protein, available protein and digestible protein cutting on April 25 in every mixture, but the content increased with higher pea mixture rate after May 2. The content of acid detergent fiber (ADF) and neutral detergent fiber (NDF) increase coincided with higher barley rate and late cutting dates. But relative feed value (RFV) resulted in opposite trend. Higher pea ratio influenced increased content of total digestible nuterients (TDN), but decreased before May 9 cutting and increased after the next cutting regime. There was no statistical difference in P and Mg between sowing rate, but Ca increased at higher pea ratio and P, Ca, K decreased in all plots as harvests were delayed. The content of estimated net energy (ENE), net energy maintenance (NEM) and net energy gain (NEG) significantly increased with higher pea rate and earlier cutting. But net energy lactation (NEL) was no significant differences between seeding rates and cutting dates. In conclusion, mineral yield such as P, Ca, K and Mg showed the highest yield at barley plus pea ratio of 75 : 25 and energy yield of ENE, NEL, NEM, NEG and TDN was the highest at 85 to 15 mixture plots and DM yield, TDN yield, mineral yield such as P, Ca, K and Mg and energy yield of ENE, NEL, NEM, NEG were the highest on each treatment cutting on May 16.

A study on the color controlled of painter's work (페인트 도장공사의 색관리에 관한 연구)

  • Shim, Myung-Sup;Lee, Hyun-Jeong
    • Journal of the Korea Institute of Building Construction
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    • v.3 no.1
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    • pp.107-114
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    • 2003
  • This study aims to find methods that prevents aging of buildings paint coating and that limits defects in construction. Defects in painting can occur in four stages: pure paint, during painting, after the paint coating has dried, and after some period of time has passed after coating. Paint may become bad due to precipitation of pigments, formation of membranes, and seeding during manufacturing. Therefore, it is important that the paint is well mixed and kept airtight at a cool, dark place. Indents, paint brush strokes, orange peel, separation of colors, and paint running and spreading during the paint work process can be prevented by using high quality materials and applying a high-level of construction method. After the paint coating has dried, boiling, yellowing, poor drying, poor bonding, and/or glen deficiency may occur. These are influenced by the levels of cleanness of the dried product, drying temperature and hydration. Then, when the coating has been left dried for some period of time, cracking, peeling, scaling, swelling, discoloring, and/or rusting may develop due to the ultraviolet and contaminants in the air. Since these defects occur due to inappropriate construction schedule and/or hot and humid condition, one must use weatherproof materials. Furthermore, poor paint color may be caused by contamination in the sample plate, discoloration, and/or discrepancies in colors which are due to material differences, level of glossiness, degree of dispersion, dual color property of metallic colors, precipitation of pigments, etc. One should achieve reduction in construction cost and effectiveness in paint work by limiting contaminations in the construction site and strictly observing to construction regulations.

The Structure Improvement of Microbial Fuel Cell to Generate Electricity from swine wastewater (가축분뇨를 이용하는 미생물연료전지 개발을 위한 구조개선)

  • Jang, Jaekyung;Sun, RyouYoung;Lee, SungHyoun;Kim, JongGoo;Kang, YounKoo;Kim, Young Hwa
    • 한국신재생에너지학회:학술대회논문집
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    • 2010.06a
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    • pp.252.1-252.1
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    • 2010
  • These studies convert to useful electricity from swine wastewater and to treat this wastewater. In order to operate the microbial fuel cell(MFC) for the swine wastewater, the anode volume of MFCs was scaled up with 5L in the vacant condition. Graphite felts and low-priced mesh stainless-less as electrode had mixed up and packed into the anode compartment. The meshed stainless-less electrode could also be acted the collector of electron produced by microorganisms in anode. For a cathode compartment, graphite felt loaded Pt/C catalyst was used. Graphite felt electrode embedded in the anode compartment was punched holds at regular intervals to prevent occurred the channeling phenomenon. The sources of seeding on microbial fuel cell was used a mixture of swine wastewater and anaerobic digestion sludge(1:1). It was enriched within 6 days. Swine wastewater was fed with 53.26 ml/min flow rate. The MFCs produced a current of about 17 mA stably used swine wastewater with $3,167{\pm}80mg/L$. The maximum power density and current density was 680 $mW/m^3$ and 3,770 $mA/m^3$, respectively. From these results it is showed that treatment of swine wastewater synchronizes with electricity generation using modified low priced microbial fuel cell.

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