• Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• 제18권4호
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• pp.349-357
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• 2015

To reutilize fisheries waste, we isolated a bacterial strain from a coastal area located in Busan. It was identified as Bacillus licheniformis TK3-Y. Using plate assay and 500-mL flask experiments, we found that the isolate simultaneously possessed cellulolytic, proteolytic, and lipolytic activities with salt tolerance. 10% (v/v) inoculums, were used to examine the biodegradation characteristics of the TK3-Y strain on carboxymethylcellulose, skim milk, and olive oil media. The optimum conditions for pH, temperature, agitation speed, and NaCl concentration on each 1% substrate were 6, $50^{\circ}C$, 180 rpm, and 17.5%, respectively. Under optimal conditions, the TK3-Y strain showed 1.07 U/mL cellulolytic, 1,426 U/mL proteolytic, and 6.45 U/mL lipolytic activities. Each enzyme was stable within a range of 17.5-35% NaCl. Therefore, the salt tolerance ability of strain TK3-Y was superior to other related strains. In degradation of a mixed medium containing all three substrates, both the cellulolytic and proteolytic activities were somewhat lower than those on each single substrate, while the lipolytic activity was somewhat higher. From the above results, the TK3-Y strain appears to be a good candidate for use in the efficient treatment of fisheries waste in which components are not collected separately.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제14권2호
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• pp.385-389
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• 2004

The antibody-mix sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (Ab-mix sELlS A) system was developed in order to simultaneously detect the extracellular polysaccharide (FPS) of Aspergillus, Penicillium, or Fusarium species using one detection system. The detection limit and detection range of the Ab-mix sELISA towards EPS of Penicilliun citrinum were not changed, and those towards Fusarium moniliforme EPS were changed a little compared to that of individual sandwich ELISA [9, 10]. The fungal culture filtrates of Aspergillus and Penicillium species showed nearly similar reactivity towards Ab-mix sELISA as that of sELISA using the MAb lB8 alone [9]. Also, the fungal culture filtrates of Fusarium species showed nearly the same reactivity towards Ab-mix sELISA as that of sELISA using the MAb lB8 alone [10]. Thus, this ELISA system showed that the three genera of molds, Aspergillus, Penicillium, or Fusarium, which are three major important molds producing mycotoxins in food or agricultural commodities, could be detected at the same time, using one detection system.

• 한국임상수의학회지
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• 제34권3호
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• pp.185-188
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• 2017

This study assessed the seroprevalence of Babesia gibsoni in companion dogs in Korea by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay using recombinant BgTRAP antigen. Dogs were randomly selected from those admitted for various reasons to local private veterinary hospitals and the Animal Medical Center of Chonbuk National University. With the owners' permission, extra blood was drawn from each dog for serological assays. Of the 188 selected dogs, seven (3.72%) were positive for B. gibsoni, including six of 167 (3.59%) indoor and one of 12 (8.33%) outdoor dogs. Of the seven dogs positive for B. gibsoni, four were aged > 10 years, two were < 1 year, and one was between 1 and 10 years; and two were Yorkshires and one each was Shih-tzu, Maltese, Pekinese, beagle and mixed. Concurrent diseases or chief complaints were anemia in two dogs, both of which had a history of confirmed babesiosis by polymerase chain reaction, and non-anemic diseases in five. Geographically, four dogs were from Jeonbuk/Jeonju, and one each from Seoul, Gyounggi-do, and Jeonnam/Gwangju. To our knowledge, this is the first report of companion dogs in Korea being seropositive for B. gibsoni. Serologic screening of subclinical or carrier dogs can detect this potentially dangerous disease and assess its epidemiology.

• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
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• 제3권4호
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• pp.245-250
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• 1995

The carbon tetrachloride($CCl_4$) has been demonstrated to have a hepatotoxic effect in human or many other species. To investigate the enzyme induction of mixed function oxygenases in liver of male Sprague-Dawley rats a single 0.1, 0.5 mι/kg dose of carbon tetrachloride were given. At 24 hr after a single dose of 0.1 mι CC1$_4$/kg weight, methanol extract of Hedera rhombea leaves was administered with 100, 500 mg/kg weight. Assays of 7-ethoxyresorufin-Ο-deethylation(EROD),7-benzyloxyresorufin-Ο-deathylation(BROD),4-nitro-phenol-UDP-glucuronosyltransferase(UDPGT), Western blot and RNA slot blot were used as representatives of the activities of cytochrome P-450 enzymes. The change of the activity of CYP1A1 form measured by EROD assay and Western analysis using 1-7-1 monoclonal antibody was not observed. The activity CYP2B1 form by BROD assay and using 2-66-3 monoclonal antibody was remarkably increased. Elevated level of CYP2B1 mRNA was shown by slot hybridization with 2B1-specific probe. Administration of methanol extract of Hedera rhombea leaves reversed the enzyme activity and the level of mRNA, which suggest the chemoprotective effect of methanol extracts of Hedera rhombea leaves to carbon tetrachloride hepatotoxlcity.

• 한국식품저장유통학회지
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• 제2권1호
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• pp.173-183
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• 1995

This paper was carried out to investigate changes in chromatograms of polysacctatides and soluble pectins on Sephadex G-50 and non-cellulosic neutral sugars of polysaccharides isolated from cell wall of persimmon fruits treated with polygalacturonase and $\beta$-galactosidase in vitro. The chromatogram pattern of soluble pectins extracted from cell wall treated with $\beta$-galactosidase on Sephacryl S-500 column were similar to those of untreatment, but contents of soluble pectins treated with $\beta$-galactosidase were different from those of untreatment. The patterns of chromatograms In soluble pectins extracted from cell wall treated with polygalacturonase were more complex and lower molecular polymer than those of other cell wall-degrading enzyme treatments. Non-cellulosic neutral sugar of polysaccharides in fraction I of soluble material treated with polygalacturonase was rhamnose, those in fraction II were similar to those in fraction III and contents of arabinose, xylose and glucose were higher than contents of other non-cellulosic neutral sugars. Non-cellulosic neutral sugars of polysaccharides in fraction I in soluble material by $\beta$-galactosidase treatment were rhamnose, arabinose, galactose and mannose. Content of glucose of polysaccharides in fraction II was higher than that in fraction I . Non-cellulosic neutral sugars treated with mixed enzyme were rhamnose, fucose, arabinose, xylose, mannose, galactose and glucose. Compositions of non-cellulosic neutral sugars of polysaccharides in fraction I were similar to those in fraction II and III.

• 한국자원식물학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국자원식물학회 2003년도 심포지엄
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• pp.50-58
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• 2003

Isolation and culture of leaf protoplasts from two chilli cultivars (Capsicum annuum var. accumnatum and Bird chilli) were developed to enhance selection process in the somatic hybridization programmes. In order to isolate the protoplasts from leaves of these two chilli cultivars different incubation periods (3, 5 and 10 hours) were tested with combinations of enzyme mixtures containing cellulase and macerozyme. Leaves were incubated on three enzyme mixtures (2% cellulase + 0.4% macerozyme, 1% cellulase + 0.2% macerozyme and 0.5% cellulase + 0.1 % macerozyme in 13% mannitol) at 251oC in the dark. Three hours of incubation using 2% cellulase and 0.4% macerozyme was the best for the protoplast isolation of both chilli cultivars tested. The yield was 5 ${\times}$ 108protoplasts/ml/ g leaf tissue in both chilli varieties. It was found that in the mixed nurse method using Nagata and Takebe (NT) medium supplemented with 1.0mg/12,4-D, NAA and BAP with 0.5M mannitol and 1.2% Sea Plaque agarose is the best medium for protoplast culture. Protoplasts of Capsicum annum var. accumnatum were alive for 14 days forming cell walls and initiating cell division.

• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
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• 제10권2호
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• pp.104-113
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• 2002

The effects of enzyme inhibitors and penetration enhancers on the permeation of leucine enkephalin (Leu-Enk) and its synthetic analog, [${D-ala}^2$]-leucine enkephalinamide (YAGFL) across the nasal, rectal and vaginal mucosae were evaluated. Enzyme inhibitors and penetration enhancers employed for Leu-Enk permeation study were amastatin(AM), thimerosal(TM) and ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid disodium salt(EDTA), and sodium taurodihydrofusidate (STDHF). Those for YAGFL permeation study were TM, benzalkonium chloride(BC) and EDTA, and STDHF, sodium deoxycholate(SDC), sodium glycholate(SGC), glycyrrhizic acid ammonium salt (GAA), L-$\alpha$-Iysophosphatidylcholine(LPC) and mixed micelle (MM, STDHF: linoleic acid = 15 mM : 5 mM). The addition of TM alone on the donor and receptor solutions for Leu-Enk permeation study across all the three kinds of mucosae failed to inhibit the degradation; it completely degraded in 6 hrs, and no permeation occurred. However, with addition of three kinds of inhibitors together, the fluxes across nasal, rectal and vaginal mucosae were $\20.7{pm}2.5$>/TEX>,$\0.3{pm}0.05$>/TEX> and $\1.4{pm}0.5$ $\mu$\mid$textrm{m}$/$\textrm{cm}^2$/hr, respectively. Moreover, the addition of STDHF in the presence of the above three inhibitors enhanced permeation across nasal, rectal and vaginal mucosae 1.3, 15 and 1.3 times, respectively. YhGFL also degraded in the donor and receptor solutions rapidly as time went. With mixed inhibitors of TM and EDTA, the percents of YAGFL remaining in the donor solutions facing nasal, rectal and vaginal mucosae were 69.7, 69.8 and 79.8%, respectively; the percent permeated increased to 10, 2.1 and 5.7%, respectively. The addition of STDHF in the presence of either BC/EDTA or TW/EDTA increased the permeation 2.2, 11.0 and 2.9 times, and 2.21, 14.0 and 2.7 times for nasal, rectal and vaginal mucosae, respectively. With SDC, SGC, GAA, LPC ud MM in the presence of TM/EDTA increased permeation; especially, they increased permeation across vaginal mucosae effectively, and the enhancement factors were 12.5, 7.6, 8.7, 5.7 and 5.5, respectively. The degradation extent of YAGFL was correlated with protein concentrations in the epidermal and serosal extracts. The flux of YAGFL across nasal mucosa increased dose-dependently.

• 대한약리학회지
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• 제21권1호
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• pp.1-11
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• 1985

이물질(xenobiotics) 대사에 관여하는 간장 microsome과 cytosol 효소 활성에 indole, indole-3-carbinol 및 benzofuran이 미치는 영향을 검색하기위하여 마우스에 이들 약물을 각각 5 mmole/kg씩 10일간 투여하여 다음 몇 가지의 성적을 얻었다. Benzofuran은 microsome 효소인 aniline hydroxylase, 7-ethoxycoumarin O-deethylase, p-nitrophenol UDPGA-transferase, epoxide hydrolase와 cytosol 효소인 glutathione S-tranferase, NADH : quinone reductase, UDP-glucose dehydrogenase의 활성도를 증가시켰다. 그러나 benzofuran과는 구조적으로 furan ring내의 N원소가 O원소로 치환되었을 뿐 주된 구조가 유사한 indole과 indole-3-carbinol 투여로는 UDPGA-transferase와 NADH: quinone reductase의 활성도 증가를 볼 수 없었으며, 특히 indole은 NADPH : cytochrome C reductase만을 증가시킨데 비하여 구조상 indole에 carbinol (methanol)기가 붙은 indole-3-carbinol은 수종의 mixed function oxidase와 아울러 특히 epoxide hydrolase의 활성도 역시 증가시켰다. 이러한 결과는 benzofuran과 indole-3-carbinol에 의한 epoxide hydrolase 활성도 증가의 기전의 일부를 설명할 수 있을 것으로 생각된다.

• 농약과학회지
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• 제3권3호
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• pp.27-36
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• 1999

쥐에 있어서 carbamate계 살충제 carbofuran의 독성에 미치는 phenobarbital sodium(PB) 또는 3-methylcholanthrene(3-MC)의 영향과 작용기작을 효소적 측면에서 구명할 목적으로 이들을 단독 또는 조합으로 경구투여 하여 in vivo 효소활성을 조사하였다. Acetylcholinesterase(AChE)와 butyrylcholinesterase(BuCheE)의 효소활성은 carbofuran 3.8 mg/kg을 투여하였을 때 48시간까지 $20{\sim}70%$ 범위의 저해를 보였고, carbofuran과 PB 또는 3-MC를 조합투여하였을 때 효소활성은 초기에 감소하다가 24시간 후에는 대조구와 비슷한 수준을 나타냈다. Glutathione S-transferase(GST)의 경우 carbofuran만을 투여하였을 때 초기($0.5{\sim}6$ hr)에 $15{\sim}35%$의 저해를 보였으나, carbofuran과 PB 또는 3-MC의 조합투여시 초기에는 약간 저해를 보이다가 3시간 후에는 대조군과 유사한 효소활성을 보였고, 6시간 후에는 대조군에 비해 활성이 20%이상 증가하였다. UDP-glucuronosyltransferase(UDPGI) 및 cytochrome P-450 효소계의 효소활성은 carbofuran과 PB 또는 3-MC를 조합 투여하였을 때 투여 후 6시간까지는 carbofuran만의 투여에 비해 효소활성이 $2.6{\sim}2.8$배 이상 높았다. 이상의 결과에서 PB 및 3-MC의 투여가 이들 효소활성을 유도하므로써 carbofuran의 독성으로부터 쥐를 보호한 것으로 판단된다.

• 대한임상검사과학회지
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• 제52권4호
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• pp.398-407
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• 2020

현대인의 기호식품인 차를 이용하여 비 발효차인 녹차와 3가지 발효차로 구분하여 식후 고혈당의 지표가 되는 알파글루코시데이스(α-glucosidase) 활성과 고혈압활성의 지표로 사용되는 안지오텐신전환효소(angiotensin converting enzyme, ACE)의 억제작용을 확인하였다. α-glucosidase 억제 활성의 상승효과를 알아보기 위해 녹차추출물에 인슐린과 유사기능이 있다고 밝혀진 바나듐을 미량(50 ㎍/mL)으로 혼합하여 α-glucosidase 활성 억제를 위한 상승효과 여부를 조사하였다. 또한 녹차의 기능성물질로 알려진 에피갈로카테킨 갈레이트(epigallocatechin gallate, EGCG)의 농도와 카페인(caffeine)의 농도를 측정하여 녹차와 발효차 효능을 분석하고자 하였다. 녹차와 발효차 추출물로부터 식후 혈당을 증가시키는 α-glucosidase 활성이 크게 억제되어 차의 식후 혈당저해 효과가 있음을 확인하였으며 차 추출물 중에서도 20% 발효차가 가장 우수한 기능을 보였다. 그러나 차 추출물만을 단독으로 처리한 경우와 바나듐과 함께 처리한 경우 서로 다른 결과를 보였다. α-glucosidase 저해효과는 저 농도(50 ㎍/mL)의 녹차와 바나듐 혼합 처리에서 단독 처리에 비해 저해활성이 2배나 증가되어 녹차가 바나듐과 가장 큰 상승효과를 보임을 알 수 있었다. ACE 저해활성은 모든 차 추출물에서 확인되었으나 녹차에서 가장 높게 조사되어 녹차가 다른 차에 비해 가장 높게 측정된 EGCG 농도의 효과로 생각되며 발효차의 식후 혈당강하 및 ACE 저해효과는 EGCG 외에 또 다른 기능성물질이 관여한 것임을 알 수 있었다.