• Title/Summary/Keyword: minimum ignition energy

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Effects of Intake Gas Mixture Cooling on Enhancement of The Maximum Brake Power in a 2.4 L Hydrogen Spark-ignition Engine (수소 내연기관의 흡기 냉각 방법에 따른 최고 출력 향상에 관한 연구)

  • Kim, Yongrae;Park, Cheolwoong;Oh, Sechul;Choi, Young;Lee, Jeongwoo
    • Journal of the Korean Institute of Gas
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    • v.25 no.5
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    • pp.11-18
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    • 2021
  • Since hydrogen has the lower minimum ignition energy than that of gasoline, hydrogen could be also appropriate for the IC engine systems. However, due to the low ignition energy, there might be a 'back-fire' and 'pre-ignition' problems with hydrogen SI(Spark-ignition) combustion. In this research, cooling effects of intake gas mixture on the improvement of the maximum power output were evaluated in a 2.4 L SI engine. There were two ways to cool intake gas mixtures. The first one was cooling intake fresh air by adjusting inter-cooler system after turbocharger. The other one was cooling hydrogen fuel before supplying by using heat ex-changer. Cooling hydrogen was performed under natural aspired condition. The result showed that cooling fresh air from 40 ℃ to 20~30 ℃ improved the maximum brake power up to 6.5~8.6 % and cooling hydrogen fuel as -6 ℃ enhanced the maximum brake power likewise.

A Study on the Application of Indolene -MPHA for Automotive Alternative Fuel (II) - (자동차 대체연료로서의 Indolene-MPHA의 적용에 관한 연구(II) - Indolene-MPHA가 엔진성능에 미치는 영향 -)

  • 이민호;오율권;차경옥
    • Journal of Energy Engineering
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    • v.12 no.3
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    • pp.190-196
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    • 2003
  • A study of the performance effect of Indolene-Methanol Plus High Alcolhols (MPHA) has been completed. The study invested the measurement of performance parameters. The performance parameters measured are minimum advance for best torque (MBT) spark timing, power output and thermal efficiency. The alcohol concentration was varied from 0 to 100 percent by volume in clear Indolene. The performance parameters were measured using a single cylinder spark ignition engine at different compression ratios. The results of the performance measurements indicated that Indolene-MPHA blends have a higher MBT spark advance, similar power output and lower thermal efficiencies than Indolene-Methanol blends.

Combustion Characteristics of HCCI Engine Fueled DME and Natural Gas(Unbalance of Cylinder-to-Cylinder and Effect of EGR) (DME/천연가스 HCCI 기관의 연소특성(기통 간 불균형과 EGR의 영향))

  • Jung, S.H.
    • Journal of Power System Engineering
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    • v.14 no.3
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    • pp.13-18
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    • 2010
  • HCCI engines fueled DME and natural gas have been studied on single-cylinder engine due to availability of reducing on $NO_X$ and PM simultaneously without deteriorating into high thermal efficiency, and thus it is clarified that higher maximum engine load is achieved as DME equivalence is smaller. In this study, combustion tests were accomplished on multi-cylinder engine for practical use of it. When minimum DME equivalence achieved maximum engine load on single-cylinder engine was applied to 4-cylinders engine, there was in unstable running condition that engine revolution fluctuated greatly and cyclically. It is the reason what misfire occurred intermittently with one the same as minimum DME equivalence on single-cylinder due to increase in energy for ignition at No. 1 cylinder with lower cylinder liner temperature. Maximum engine load was achieved by adopting EGR, though it decreased because of knocking at smaller engine load than single-cylinder due to increase in minimum DME equivalence.

A Study on The Possibility of Flash Fire of Combat System by Kinetic Energy Ammunitions (운동에너지탄에 의한 전투시스템의 순간화재 발생가능성에 대한 연구)

  • Park, Young Ju;Lee, Eun Min;Lee, Hae Pyeong;Hwang, Me Jung;Lee, Chang Hyun
    • Journal of the Korean Society of Safety
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    • v.29 no.2
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    • pp.89-97
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    • 2014
  • This study analyzed various possibilities of flash fire which could occur in a variety of combats, in order to predict that of flash fire of combat system armor using Autodyn program. The possibility was judged by the temperature distribution of fuels, which was caused by the impact of parts of fuel systems through an armor, in the event of getting shot by external ammunition. Diverse variables could affect the possibility of flash fire: external ammunition(Type A: penetration 570 mm, Type B: penetration 410 mm), fuels(Gasoline, Diesel, Kerosene), the thickness of an armor(100, 200, 300, 400, 500 mm), the gap of a fuel tank and an armor(45, 95, 145, 195, 245, 295 mm). As a result, when an armor was 20 mm think, the temperature of 3 fuels ranged like this: Gasoline 372~387 K, Diesel 442~408 K, Kerosene 384~395 K. Although they made a little difference among them, they all didn't reach their ignition points. When an armor was 200 mm think, each fuel reached the maximum temperature, not reaching its ignition points as well. The thicker an armor was, the lower the temperature got. When Type B ammunition was used, the temperature of fuels went up 19~59 K higher than Type A was used. In the case that the gap of fuel tank and an armor was 20 mm thick, the temperature distribution of Gasoline showed 389~450 K, the maximum temperature appeared in the gap of 145 mm, and the minimum temperature 295 mm. For Type B, the temperature distribution of fuels ranged 386~401 K, the maximum temperature appeared in the gap of 245 mm, and the minimum temperature 45 mm. There was no significant difference between two cases, and neither of them reached its ignition point. Accordingly, as the tested fuels of combat systems didn't reach their ignition points, it is thought that the possibility of flash point of an armor is low.

Parametric Analysis and Design Optimization of a Pyrotechnically Actuated Device

  • Han, Doo-Hee;Sung, Hong-Gye;Jang, Seung-Gyo;Ryu, Byung-Tae
    • International Journal of Aeronautical and Space Sciences
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    • v.17 no.3
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    • pp.409-422
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    • 2016
  • A parametric study based on an unsteady mathematical model of a pyrotechnically actuated device was performed for design optimization. The model simulates time histories for the chamber pressure, temperature, mass transfer and pin motion. It is validated through a comparison with experimentally measured pressure and pin displacement. Parametric analyses were conducted to observe the detailed effects of the design parameters using a validated performance analysis code. The detailed effects of the design variables on the performance were evaluated using the one-at-a-time (OAT) method, while the scatter plot method was used to evaluate relative sensitivity. Finally, the design optimization was conducted by employing a genetic algorithm (GA). Six major design parameters for the GA were chosen based on the results of the sensitivity analysis. A fitness function was suggested, which included the following targets: minimum explosive mass for the uniform ignition (small deviation), light casing weight, short operational time, allowable pyrotechnic shock force and finally the designated pin kinetic energy. The propellant mass and cross-sectional area were the first and the second most sensitive parameters, which significantly affected the pin's kinetic energy. Even though the peak chamber pressure decreased, the pin kinetic energy maintained its designated value because the widened pin cross-sectional area induced enough force at low pressure.

An Analysis on the Effects of EGR to Extend Operation Region for a HCCI Hydrogen Engine (HCCI 수소기관에서 운전영역확장을 위한 EGR 효과 분석)

  • LEE, KEONSIK;KIM, JINGU;BYUN, CHANGHEE;LEE, JONGTAI
    • Transactions of the Korean hydrogen and new energy society
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    • v.26 no.6
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    • pp.560-566
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    • 2015
  • HCCI (Homogeneous Charge Compression Ignition) hydrogen engine has relatively narrower operation range caused by knock occurrence due to the rapid pressure rising by using higher compression ratio. In this study, EGR as one of the countermeasure methods is considered to extend operation range of HCCI hydrogen engine. Also, the effects of hydrogen EGR are compared with the effects of EGR using hydrocarbon fuel. Hydrocarbon EGR is carried out by adding carbon dioxide to exhaust gas of HCCI hydrogen engine. As the results, EGR has positive effects on a HCCI hydrogen engine in reducing rate of pressure rise as same as the other engines used hydrocarbon fuels. However, the effects of hydrogen EGR are better than those of hydrocarbon EGR in decreasing minimum compression ratio and rate of pressure rise. When applying EGR to HCCI hydrogen engine by 20% rate, the rate of pressure rise decreases by 58% and it results in about 48% increase of the operation range in terms of supply energy.

Analyzing Effective Factors on Hydrogen Release Based on Response Surface Method and Analysis of Variance (반응표면법과 ANOVA 기반의 수소 누출에 대한 유효인자 분석)

  • JUNSEO LEE;SEHYEON OH;SEUNGHYO AN;EUNHEE KIM;BYUNGCHOL MA
    • Transactions of the Korean hydrogen and new energy society
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    • v.34 no.6
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    • pp.712-721
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    • 2023
  • While hydrogen is widely used, it has a low minimum ignition energy, raising safety concerns when using it. This research studied which parameters are the key variables in the hydrogen release and diffusion. These parameters were divided into six process variables in the initial release and two environmental variables in the dispersion. One hundred and twenty cases were selected through design of experiment, and the end-point in each case were analyzed using PHAST. Afterwards, an end-point prediction model was developed using RSM and ANOVA, and the impact of each variable on the endpoint was analyzed. As a result, the influence of eight variables was graded. The nozzle diameter had the greatest influence on the end-point, while the pipe roughness coefficient had no effect on the end-point. It is expected that these results will be used as basic data to improve safety across all fields of hydrogen handling facilities.

Experimental Study of Emission Characteristics for CNG Passenger Car (CNG 승용 자동차의 배출가스 특성에 관한 실험적 연구)

  • Kim, Hyun-jun;Lee, Ho-kil
    • Journal of the Korean Institute of Gas
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    • v.19 no.6
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    • pp.34-39
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    • 2015
  • Recently, most of the energy consumed in vehicle is derived from fossil fuels. For this reason, the demand for clean, renewable and affordable alternative energy is forcing the automotive industry to look beyond the conventional fossil fuels. Natural gas represents today a promising alternative to conventional fuels for vehicles propulsion, because it is characterized by a relatively low cost, better geopolitical distribution than oil, lower environmental impact, higher octane number and a higher self ignition temperature. Above all, CNG is an environmentally clean alternative to the existing spark ignition engines with the advantages of minimum change. In this study was installed bi-fuel system that a conventional 2 liters gasoline engine was modified to run on natural gas by a gas injection system. Experiments were mainly carried on the optimization of an ECU control strategy affecting the emission characteristics of CNG/Gasoline bi-fule vehicle. The test results shown that CO2 emission in bi-fuel mode was reduced 16% compared to gasoline fuel in the NEDC mode. Also the amount of CO and HC emissions in bi-fuel and gasoline modes were found to equality. But Compared to gasoline, the bi-fuel mode resulted in higher NOx emissions.

Characteristics of Hydrogen and Considerations as a Rocket Propellant (수소의 특성 및 로켓 추진제로서의 고려사항)

  • Lim, Ha-Young;Cho, In-Hyun
    • Proceedings of the Korean Society of Propulsion Engineers Conference
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    • 2009.11a
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    • pp.23-26
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    • 2009
  • General characteristics of hydrogen and the ratio change of the two forms of hydrogen(ortho-hydrogen and para-hydrogen) as a function of the temperature were introduced. The unique characteristics of hydrogen, such as a wide range of flammability limits, low minimum ignition energy, low maximum inverse temperature, and hydrogen embrittlement were introduced. The process of producing the liquid hydrogen using pre-cooling and expansion engine and ortho-para conversion using the catalyst were introduced. Finally, the characteristics and the considerations as a propellant for liquid rocket were reviewed.

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진동형 분체 최소착화에너지측정장치의 특성

  • ;;Mizuki YAMAGUMA;Wei Lam CHEUNG;Tsutomu KODAMA
    • Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Industrial Safety Conference
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    • 1998.11a
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    • pp.179-182
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    • 1998
  • It is widely recognized that conventional means for determining the minimum ignition energy(MIE) of powder are time-consuming and require operational skill. As a variety of new fine powders are being produced day by day in industry, there is an urgent need to a quicker and more economical means to measure MIE. To meet this requirement, we have developed a measurement system which employs a novel method to create an air/dust mixture in a miniature combustion box. In this system, the powder to be tested input into a hopper made of metal mesh, and successively fed downward to form a thin, curtain-like dust/air mixture by vibration. With this new apparatus, three type of powders -Lycopodium, Anthraquinone, and Polyacrylonitrile-were tested and the MIE data were compared with those taken with a conventional apparatus(the Hartmann tube). Two of them agreed satisfactory, but the other, anthraquinone, showed quite different values supposedly due to the agglomeration of the powder particles by static-charge.

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