• 한국식품조리과학회지
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• 제26권2호
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• pp.206-213
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• 2010

In this study, the antibacterial activities of essential oil from Zanthoxylum schinifolium against four Gram-positive bacteria and six Gram-negative bacteria were investigated. The antibacterial activity of the oils was determined using the agar-well diffusion assay, MIC (minimum inhibitory concentration) and MBC (minimum bactericidal concentration). In particular, essential oil from Z. schinifolium showed higher antibacterial activity against Gram-positive bacteria than against Gram-negative bacteria. Essential oil from Z. schinifolium displayed large inhibition zones especially against Bacillus cereus (31 mm). At concentrations between 0 and $20\;{\mu}g/mL$ the oils showed an antibacterial effect against both Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values against nine bacteria ranged from 1.25 to $5\;{\mu}g/mL$. The minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) values against eight bacterial ranged from 2.5 to $20\;{\mu}g/mL$, except Shigella sonnei. Furthermore, our finding on the antibacterial activities of essential oils from Zanthoxylum schinifolium validated the use of this plant for medical purposes.

• Food Science and Biotechnology
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• 제18권5호
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• pp.1263-1272
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• 2009

Danshen (Salvia miltiorrhiza Bunge) is a traditional Korean medicine that is commonly used for the treatment of inflammatory diseases such as edema, arthritis, hepatitis, and endangitis. The several extracts of danshen were tested for antimicrobial activity against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) isolated in clinic by broth microdilution method, the checkerboard, and time-kill methods to evaluate the synergistic effects of the combination of the extracts with antibiotics. The chloroform ($CHCl_3$) and n-hexane (HEX) extracts [minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC), 0.0078-0.3125${\mu}g/mL$; minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC), 0.019-0.625${\mu}g/mL$] were found to have strong antibacterial activity against MRSA. Additionally, when the $CHCl_3$ and HEX extracts were co-administered with ampicillin or oxacillin, a synergistic effect against MRSA was observed. Furthermore, a time-kill study evaluating the effects of the extracts against MRSA indicated that treatment with the $CHCl_3$ extract in combination with ampicillin or oxacillin produced rapid bactericidal activity. These results suggest that danshen extracts may have potently antimicrobial activity and thus, it can be a suitable phytotherapeutic agent for treating MRSA infections.

• Food Science and Biotechnology
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• 제17권4호
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• pp.850-856
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• 2008

White, red, and extruded ginsengs were studied against 8 strains of food-borne pathogens and/or food spoilage microorganisms. The ginseng powders were extracted with different extractants and screened for antimicrobial activity using the disc diffusion and broth dilution techniques. The results showed that the yield of extraction was higher with increase of aqueous solution content and temperature. Preliminary screening revealed that the red ginseng extracts were most active, that has been found to be highly effective against all tested microbe except Listeria monocytogenes. Moreover, Bacillus subtilis has shown highly susceptible, which the diameters of inhibition zone values of 28 extracts were between 7 and 14 mm. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) recorded for the different crude ginseng extracts against microorganism using ranged from 6.25 to 100 mg/mL, indicated that the methanol extract of ginseng were more effective than ethanol and water extracts. The 60% methanol extract of red ginseng had the greatest effects against B. subtilis with MIC and MBC values at 6.25 mg/mL.

• 대한소아치과학회지
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• 제46권2호
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• pp.135-138
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• 2019

이 연구의 목적은 부유 및 바이오필름 상태의 Mutans streptococci에서 치태와 치석 착색제로 치과 진료실에서 사용하는 식용색소인 에리스로신에 대한 감수성을 조사하는 것이다. 세균은 호기성 조건에 배양하였고, 에리스로신은 $0.02-10000{\mu}g/L$의 농도로 희석하였다. 부유 상태 S. mutans의 최소 억제 농도(MIC)와 최소 살균 농도(MBC)를 측정하였다. 세균을 배양하여 바이오필름을 형성한 후, 최소 바이오필름 억제 농도(MBIC) 및 최소 바이오필름 박멸 농도(MBEC)를 측정하였다. MIC와 MBC는 $19.5{\mu}g/L$로 동일하게 측정되었으며 따라서 에리스로신은 부유 상태의 S. mutans에 대해 살균 효과를 가지는 것으로 나타났다. MBIC, MBEC 값은 각각 $313{\mu}g/L$, $2500{\mu}g/L$로 측정되었다. 측정된 MIC, MBC, MBIC는 실제로 치과에서 사용되는 농도에 비해 낮은 값이며 따라서 인체에 무해한 농도에서 S. mutans를 억제할 수 있을 것으로 보인다.

• International Journal of Oral Biology
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• 제43권3호
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• pp.123-127
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• 2018

Polyphenon 60 refers to the mixture of catechins present in green tea. The aim of this study was to investigate the antimicrobial activities of polyphenon 60 against 4 strains of Streptococcus mutans and 2 strains of Streptococcus sorbrinus, which are the major causative bacteria of dental caries. The minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) values of polyphenon 60 for S. mutans and S. sobrinus were determined and the effect of biofilm formation inhibition of that was evaluated. The MBC value of polyphenon 60 against the bacterial strains was 2.5 mg/ml except for one particular strain, S. mutans KCOM 1128 for which the value was 1.25 mg/ml. The results of biofilm formation inhibition assay revealed that polyphenon 60 inhibited biofilm formation more than 90% at a concentration of 2.5 mg/ml. It was apparent that polyphenon exhibited biofilm formation inhibition activity along with bactericidal effect against S. mutans and S. sobrinus. Therefore, it is proposed that polyphenon 60 as one of the components of bactericidal agents could be useful in developing oral hygiene products, toothpaste or gargling solution.

• 한국동물위생학회지
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• 제36권4호
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• pp.297-301
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• 2013

The present study was to investigate anti-microbial effects of curcumin on major bacterial pathogens for farmed fish, such as Aeromonas hydrophila, A. salmonicida subsp. masoucida, A. salmonicida subsp. salmonicida, Edwardsiella tarda, Vibrio vulnificus, V. paraheamolyticus using disk diffusion, minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) tests. In disc diffusion test, curcumin exhibited concentration-dependent antimicrobial activities to all bacteria pathogens used in the study. Antimicrobial effects of curcumin was found differently depending on bacterial species when determined by MIC or MBC tests. For examples, E. tarda and A. hydrophila was respectively the most sensitive bacterium for bacteriostatic and bacteriocidal effect of curcumin. Collectively, curcumin could be a potential natural drug for controlling pathogenic bacteria in the aquaculture industry.

• 대한의생명과학회지
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• 제29권2호
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• pp.88-94
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• 2023

In oriental medicine, the fruit of Actinidia polygama has long been used to alleviate the symptoms of gout, arthritis, and inflammation. In this study, it was to designed to analyze the antibacterial activity of A. polygama ethanol extract (APEE) against Streptococcus mutans, one of the major strains for dental caries, and Porphyromonas gingivalis, one of the critical strains for periodontal disease. The antibacterial activity of APEE was analyzed by disk diffusion, minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC), and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) assays. In addition, it was also analyzed the inhibitory effect of APEE on bacterial growth and biofilm formation against both oral pathogens. APEE exhibited its antibacterial effect through the inhibited bacterial diffusion as well as low concentration of MIC and MBC. In addition, APEE significantly inhibited not only bacterial growth but also biofilm formation in a dose-dependent manner. Consequently, APEE showed potent antibacterial activity against both S. mutans and P. gingivalis, which indicates that APEE might be used as a potential antibacterial material for the improvement of oral healthcare.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제34권3호
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• pp.538-546
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• 2024

Cinnamaldehyde is a natural compound extracted from cinnamon bark essential oil, acclaimed for its versatile properties in both pharmaceutical and agricultural fields, including antimicrobial, antioxidant, and anticancer activities. Although potential of cinnamaldehyde against plant pathogenic bacteria like Agrobacterium tumefaciens and Pseudomonas syringae pv. actinidiae causative agents of crown gall and bacterial canker diseases, respectively has been documented, in-depth studies into cinnamaldehyde's broader influence on plant pathogenic bacteria are relatively unexplored. Particularly, Pectobacterium spp., gram-negative soil-borne pathogens, notoriously cause soft rot damage across a spectrum of plant families, emphasizing the urgency for effective treatments. Our investigation established that the Minimum Inhibitory Concentrations (MICs) of cinnamaldehyde against strains P. odoriferum JK2, P. carotovorum BP201601, and P. versatile MYP201603 were 250 ㎍/ml, 125 ㎍/ml, and 125 ㎍/ml, respectively. Concurrently, their Minimum Bactericidal Concentrations (MBCs) were found to be 500 ㎍/ml, 250 ㎍/ml, and 500 ㎍/ml, respectively. Using RNA-sequencing analysis, we identified 1,907 differentially expressed genes in P. carotovorum BP201601 treated with 500 ㎍/ml cinnamaldehyde. Notably, our results indicate that cinnamaldehyde upregulated nitrate reductase pathways while downregulating the citrate cycle, suggesting a potential disruption in the aerobic respiration system of P. carotovorum during cinnamaldehyde exposure. This study serves as a pioneering exploration of the transcriptional response of P. carotovorum to cinnamaldehyde, providing insights into the bactericidal mechanisms employed by cinnamaldehyde against this bacterium.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제30권1호
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• pp.127-132
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• 2001

오미자 에탄올 추출물의 항미생물 활성을 측정하기 위하여 세균, 효모, 곰팡이가 포함되는 12종류의 미생물에 대한 항미생물 활성을 측정하였다. 추출물은 세균의 생육을 억제하지만 효모와 곰팡이의 생육은 억제하지 못하였다. B. subtilis와 S. aureus에 대한 최소치사농도는 1.6~3.2 mg/mL이었으며, E. coli를 비롯한 gram음성 세균의 최소치사농도는 6.3~12.5 mg/mL이였다. B. subtilis와 S. aureus의 생육은 각 각 900 ppm과 300 ppm에서 억제되었으며 gram음성 세균의 생육은 2,000 ppm 첨가시 4시간 정도 생육이 억제되었다. 오미자 추출물의 항균활성은 열처리에 안정하였으며 부위에 따른 추출물의 항균활성은 오미자 과육의 추출물이 주로 항균력을 나타내는 것으로 나타났다.

• 대한의생명과학회지
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• 제27권4호
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• pp.264-269
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• 2021

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the disinfecting efficacy of peracetic acid (PAA), sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) and phenol, which are representative disinfectants in medical environments using four types of multi-drug resistance (MDR) clinical isolates with healthcare-associated infections (HAI). 26 antibiotic susceptibility tests were conducted for the four types of MDR clinical isolates in the same way as for clinical specimens. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and the minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) of the disinfectants were determined by using in vitro liquid medium dilution method and inoculation of the plate medium. Both the MIC and MBC of phenol against MRSA and VRE were 3.1%, while those against KPC and MRPA were 6.2%. The MIC and MBC of peracetic acid (PAA) against MRSA, VRE, KPC, and MRPA were 0.18%. The MIC and MBC of sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) against MRSA were 0.39% and 0.78%, respectively. Both values of MIC and MBC were 0.78% for VRE. In addition, KPC and MRPA showed 0.39% for MIC and 0.78% for MBC. For all MDR strains used in this study, sodium hypochlorite and peracetic acid showed significant sterilizing efficiency, while no clear correlation was identified between antibiotic resistance clinical isolated and ability of disinfection.