• International Journal of High-Rise Buildings
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• v.1 no.1
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• pp.29-36
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• 2012

The diagrid structural system is considered to be not only the best structural system for constructing free form structures, but also a very effective system in resisting lateral load. As a newly investigated structural system, its complicated node has not yet been completely investigated and minimal experimentation of manufacturing and constructing the system have been conducted. Therefore, the constructing cost of the diagrid structural system is still comparatively high. In this paper, the cyclic performance of a diagrid node with an H-section brace will be discussed. Design details that consider productivity were proposed and their structural performances were assessed through experimental and analytical investigation.

• Proceedings of the Korean Geotechical Society Conference
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• 2009.03a
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• pp.902-911
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• 2009

There appeared many difficulties due to various construction factors during the recent construction adjacent to the housing for the aging. In particular, the study is going to summarize and overview the selection procedure and construction details of the excavation engineering of this site, which could ensure workability and economic efficiency through the construction of a shorter anchor than the length of the existing anchor with a minimal marginal space without invading the nearby private land.

• Proceedings of the Korean Vacuum Society Conference
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• 1999.07a
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• pp.33-33
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• 1999

The design of a vacuum pumping system for the KOMAC (Korea Multipurpose Accelerator Complex) RFQ(Radio-Frequency Quadrupole) linac is described. [Fig] Resulted from the lost proton beam, gas streaming from the LEBT (Low Energy Beam Transport) and out-gassing from the surfaces of the RFQ cavity and vacuum plumbing, the total gas load will be on the order of 7.2$\times$10-4 Torr-liters/sec, consisting mainly of hydrogen. The system designed to pump on a continual basis with redundancy to ensure that the minimal operating vacuum level of 1.0$\times$10-6 Torr is maintained even under abnormal conditions. Details of the design, performance analysis and the preliminary test results of the cryogenic pumps are presented.

• Journal of Trauma and Injury
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• v.36 no.4
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• pp.362-368
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• 2023

Purpose: Clinical reports on treatment outcomes of sternal fractures are lacking. This study details the clinical features, treatment approaches, and outcomes related to traumatic sternal fractures over a 10-year period at a single institution. Methods: A retrospective cohort study was conducted of patients admitted to a regional trauma center between January 2012 and December 2021. Among 7,918 patients with chest injuries, 266 were diagnosed with traumatic sternal fractures. Patient data were collected, including demographics, injury mechanisms, severity, associated injuries, sternal fracture characteristics, hospital stay duration, mortality, respiratory complications, and surgical details. Surgical indications encompassed emergency cases involving intrathoracic injuries, unstable fractures, severe dislocations, flail chest, malunion, and persistent high-grade pain. Results: Of 266 patients with traumatic sternal fractures, 260 were included; 98 underwent surgical treatment for sternal fractures, while 162 were managed conservatively. Surgical indications ranged from intrathoracic organ or blood vessel injuries necessitating thoracotomy to unstable fractures with severe dislocations. Factors influencing surgical treatment included flail motion and rib fracture. The median length of intensive care unit stay was 5.4 days (interquartile range [IQR], 1.5-18.0 days) for the nonsurgery group and 8.6 days (IQR, 3.3-23.6 days) for the surgery group. The median length of hospital stay was 20.9 days (IQR, 9.3-48.3 days) for the nonsurgery group and 27.5 days (IQR, 17.0 to 58.0 days) for the surgery group. The between-group differences were not statistically significant. Surgical interventions were successful, with stable bone union and minimal complications. Flail motion in the presence of rib fracture was a crucial consideration for surgical intervention. Conclusions: Surgical treatment recommendations for sternal fractures vary based on flail chest presence, displacement degree, and rib fracture. Surgery is recommended for patients with offset-type sternal fractures with rib and segmental sternal fractures. Surgical intervention led to stable bone union and minimal complications.

• Archives of design research
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.251-260
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• 2003

The fact that office environment is a principal factor affecting work efficiency is widely accepted. Under such a circumstance, developing relocatable office wall systems is highly required. Psychological, physiological, and economical factors, along with physical factors, should be considered to develope a office wall system. More specifically, competitive price, relocatable efficiency, structural stability, fast installation, health and safety, and aesthetic satisfaction are typical determinants. The evaluation results of newly developed wall system are as below: 1) Panel structural system added with the merits of frame structural system can be studied to accomplish minimal disruption to workplace and better finish details. 2) To cover up the existing interior defects such as uneven floor and ceiling, flexible solutions must be studied especially when panel structural system is accepted. 3) More consideration must be given to finish materials, section details, sound blocking and absorbtion to enhance the satisfaction level.

• Journal of Internet Computing and Services
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.121-130
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• 2006

In next generation wireless networks, an application must be capable of rating service information in real-time and prior to initiation of the service it is necessary to check whether the end user's account provides coverage for the requested service. However, to provide prepaid services effectively, credit-control should have minimal latency. In an endeavor to support real-time credit-control for Mobile IPv6 (MIPv6), we design an implementation architecture model of credit-control authorization. The proposed integrated model combines a typical credit-control authorization procedure into the MIPv6 authentication procedure. We implement it on a single server for minimal latency. Thus, the server can perform credit-control authorization and MIPv6 authentication simultaneously. Implementation details are described as software blocks and units. In order to verify the feasibility of the proposed model. latency of credit-control authorization is measured according to various Extensible Authentication Protocol (EAP) authentication mechanisms. The performance results indicate that the proposed approach has considerably low latency compared with the existing separated models, in which credit-control authorization is separated from the MIPv6 authentication.

• Archives of Plastic Surgery
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• v.50 no.3
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• pp.279-287
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• 2023

Background Hypothenar free flaps (HTFFs) have been widely used for reconstructing palmar defects. Although previous anatomical and clinical studies of HTFF have been conducted, this technique still has some limitations. In this study, we describe some tips for large flap design that allows for easy harvesting of HTFFs with minimal donor site morbidity. Methods A total of 14 HTFF for hand defect reconstruction were recorded. The oblique flap was designed in the proximal HT area following relaxed skin tension line along the axis between fourth web space and 10 mm ulnar side of pisiform. A flap pedicle includes one or two perforators with ulnar digital artery and HT branch of basilic vein. In addition, innervated HTFF can be harvested with a branch of ulnar digital nerve. Electronic medical records were reviewed to obtain data on patients' information, operative details, and follow-up period. In addition, surgical outcome score was obtained from the patient, up to 10 points, at the last follow-up. Results Mean harvest time was 46 minutes, and two perforators were included in 10 cases. The mean flap area was 10.84 cm². There were no problems such as donor site depression, scar contracture, keloids, wound dehiscence, numbness or neuroma pain at donor sites, and hypersensitivity or cold intolerance at flap site, either functionally or aesthetically. Conclusion Palmar defect reconstruction is challenging for hand surgeons. However, large HTFF can be harvested without complications using the oblique axis HTFF technique. We believe our surgical tips increase utility of HTFF for palmar defect reconstruction.

• Lingua Humanitatis
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• v.7
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• pp.57-92
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• 2005

The main driving force behind Chomskyan theory of language that is gaining ground under the title of the "minimalist program" has been the urge to reduce the variety of natural languages to a minimal number of theoretical concepts and devices and to formulate the strongest possible hypothesis about linguistic structures. This has led to a long series of proposals of ever greater abstractness, with concomitant modifications in a number of theoretical constructs. The minimalist approach is the latest development of these constant changes, for which there is really "only one computational system and one lexicon," the differences among languages being reducible to parametric variation in "nonsubstantive parts of the lexicon"(Chomaky 1995:169-70). Chomsky thus differs, now more than ever, from other linguists by his sweepingly programmatic, rather than empirical, approach to language. The proposals he makes are too complicated to discuss here in any technical details. We rather focus on a series of lectures delivered by an ardent adherent of the minimalist program, with the view to demonstrating how this theory may mislead and distort the whole prospect of linguistic investigation. The rationale of the so-called 'minimalism' per se will be called into question.

• Steel and Composite Structures
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.357-371
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• 2016

Column base connections are critical components in steel structures because they transfer axial forces, shear forces and moments to the foundation. Exposed column bases are quite commonly used in low- to medium-rise buildings. To investigate shear transfer in exposed column base plates, four large scale specimens were subjected to a combination of axial load (compression or tension) and lateral shear deformations. The main parameters examined experimentally include the number of anchor rod, arrangement of anchor rod, type of lateral loading, and axial force ratio. It is observed that the shear resisting mechanism of exposed column base changed as the axial force changed. When the axial force is in compression, the resisting mechanism is rotation type, and the shear force will be resisted by friction force between base plate and mortar layer. The specimens could sustain inelastic deformation with minimal strength deterioration up to column rotation angle of 3%. The moment resistance and energy dissipation will be increased as the number of anchor rods increased. Moreover, moment resistance could be further increased if the anchor rods were arranged in details. When the axial force is in tension, the resisting mechanism is slip type, and the shear force will be resisted by the anchor rods. And the shear resistance was reduced significantly when the axial force was changed from compression to tension. The test results indicated that the current design approach could estimate the moment resistance within reasonable acceptance, but overestimate the shear resistance of exposed column base.

• Genomics & Informatics
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.16.1-16.5
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• 2020

There has been a dramatic increase in the popularity of utilizing social media data for research purposes within the biomedical community. In PubMed alone, there have been nearly 2,500 publication entries since 2014 that deal with analyzing social media data from Twitter and Reddit. However, the vast majority of those works do not share their code or data for replicating their studies. With minimal exceptions, the few that do, place the burden on the researcher to figure out how to fetch the data, how to best format their data, and how to create automatic and manual annotations on the acquired data. In order to address this pressing issue, we introduce the Social Media Mining Toolkit (SMMT), a suite of tools aimed to encapsulate the cumbersome details of acquiring, preprocessing, annotating and standardizing social media data. The purpose of our toolkit is for researchers to focus on answering research questions, and not the technical aspects of using social media data. By using a standard toolkit, researchers will be able to acquire, use, and release data in a consistent way that is transparent for everybody using the toolkit, hence, simplifying research reproducibility and accessibility in the social media domain.