• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제39권7호
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• pp.1078-1082
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• 2010

본 연구는 해조류 세포벽에 결합된 무기질은 모두 이용되지 않는다는 전제하에 해조류의 세포벽물질(중성세제불용성섬유: neutral detergent fiber, NDF)을 측정하고 이에 결합된 미량 무기질 Fe, Cu, Zn, Mn의 함량을 조사하여 해조류내에 함유되어 있는 무기질 함량에서 빼줌으로써 계산하여 해조류의 무기질 이용률을 추정하였다. 해조류 총 7종에 대해, 해조류 100 g당 NDF에 결합된 무기질 Zn, Cu, Mn의 평균 함량은 각각 1.78, 0.43, 0.23 mg으로 그에 따른 이용률이 각각 90.56, 85.43, 87.26%로 모두 85% 이상의 높은 이용률을 나타냈다. 반면, Fe은 NDF에 결합된 무기질 함량이 22.42 mg/100 g으로 비교적 많은 양이 결합되어 있어 그 이용률은 68.36%로 낮은 이용률을 보였다. Fe이 NDF에 가장 많이 결합한다는 보고와 같이 해조류에서도 식이섬유인 NDF에 결합된 Fe의 함량이 많아 그 이용률은 상대적으로 낮았다. 하지만 그 외 Zn, Cu, Mn의 이용률은 85% 이상으로 높아 인체 내의 소화율을 고려한다 하더라도 이들 무기질은 높은 추정 이용률을 보일 것으로 판단되어 인체 영양상 미량 무기질의 좋은 식품자원으로써 그 이용을 기대해 본다.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제16권6호
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• pp.818-822
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• 2003

In order to investigate the effect of different sources of energy on intake and nutrient utilization from urea molasses mineral block (UMMB), rumen fermentation pattern and blood biochemical constituents, 18 intact and 9 rumen fistulated male Murrah buffaloes aged about 3 years and average weight 310.8 kg were randomly allocated into three groups of 9 animals in each, thus each group having 6 intact and three rumen fistulated buffaloes. All animals were fed individually for 90 days. All buffaloes were offered wheat straw as basal roughage and urea molasses mineral block for free choice of licking. Three different energy sources viz., barley grain, (group I), maize grain (group II) and jowar green (group III) were offered to meet their nutrient requirement as per Kearl (1982). At the end of feeding trial, a metabolism trial of 7 days duration was carried out on intact animals to determine the digestibility of nutrients. Rumen fermentation studies were carried out on rumen fistulated animals. After the metabolism trial blood was collected from intact animals to estimate the nitrogen constituents in blood serum of animals fed on different sources of energy. Results revealed no significant difference in the intake of UMMB in three groups. Similarly, the intake of DM (kg), DCP (g) and TDN (kg) per day was similar in three groups statistically. The apparent digestibility of dry matter (DM), organic matter (OM), ether extract (EE) and nitrogen free extract (NFE) was significantly (p<0.05) more in group II than group III, whereas the digestibility of DM, OM and NFE was similar in group I and II. The digestibility of crude fiber (CF) and all the fiber fractions i.e. NDF, ADF, cellulose and hemicellulose was alike in 3 groups. Nitrogen balance (g/d) was significantly (p<0.05) more in group III as compared to group I and II, which were alike statistically, though the N intake (g/d) was similar in 3 groups but N balance (g/d) was significantly (p<0.05) less in group III as compared to other 2 groups. Significantly (p<0.05) higher concentration of total volatile fatty acids (TVFA), total nitrogen (TN) and its fractions were observed in group I and II as compared to group III. There was no effect on rumen pH, rumen volume and digesta flow rate due to different sources of energy in 3 groups. Similarly the blood serum biochemical parameters (NH3-N, urea-N and total protein) were statistically identical in 3 groups.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제27권3호
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• pp.376-380
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• 1998

The chemical copositions in rice hulls of twenty six varieties which are one of the largest agricultural by-products in Korea were analyzed. The chemical compositions were 8.56~9.70% moisture, 10.01~17.16% ash, 44.02~55.50% crude fiber, 0.26~2.90% crude protein, 9.20~14.50% starch, and 0.28~0.69% lipid. There were no significantly difference in chemical compositions among twenty six varities. The mineral contents(mg/100g) were 14.3~392.4mg K, 59.4~389.1mg Ca, 31.78~377.8mg Zn, 19.4~104.4mg Na, 12.9~47.6mg Mg, 12.8~37.0mg Si, 8.3~30.5mg Fe, 7.9~26.1mg Al, 7.6~23.5mg Mn, and 6.3~40.3mg P. The contents of IDF (insoluble detergent fiber), SDF(soluble detergent were 70%, 1~2%, 67~73%, 51~60%, 11~17% and 0.3~2%, respectively. The lignin content was higher in Hwa-Young and Mankum than in others. The amounts of ethanol extracts of rice hulls were 1.01~1.52%. In conclusion, the chemical compositions were not significantly difference among twenty six rice hulls varieties.

• 한국도로학회논문집
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• 제14권5호
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• pp.21-29
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• 2012

PURPOSES: This study is to investigate the mechanical performance of the fiber reinforced lean concrete with respect to different types of fibers. METHODS: Increased vehicle weight and other causes from the exposed conditions have accelerated the deteriorations of road pavement. A new multi-functional composite pavement system is being developed recently in order to extend service life and upgrade the pavement. A variety of tests were conducted before and after hardening of the concrete. RESULTS: From the test results, it was found that the use of different types of fibers did not affect the compressive strength development. This might be due to the inherent property of the lean concrete. When steel fibers were used relatively greater flexural strength and flexural fracture toughness were developed. Also addition of fly ash by replacing a part of Portland cement the fracture toughness was slightly increased. CONCLUSIONS: It has been known that the addition of fibers and use of mineral admixture can be positively considered in the development of multi-functional composite pavement system as its required mechanical performance is obtained.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제2권1호
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• pp.27-34
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• 1989

Different fractions of maize plant and whole mixed fodder were analysed for their chemical composition and dry matter digestibility (DMD). Highest crude protein (CP) values were found in leaves as compared to the other portions. Younger plants contained more CP as compared to the matured ones. The crude fiber (CF) content of various fractions of the plant ranged between 19.12 to 35.60% with maximum values in the bottom portion of the stem. Matured plants contained more CF. The analysis of cell wall constituents indicated that the maximum values for neutral detergent fiber (NDF) were found in the bottom portion and in the whole mixed plant. The highest levels of acid detergent fiber (ADF) were observed in bottom fraction followed by whole mixed plant, whereas the other plant fractions did not show any differences. Variation in acid detergent lignin (ADL) values existed in different fractions of the plant and the lowest were in the top portion of the stem. Although there existed a variation in the mineral composition of different fractions of the plants, the results were non significant. Maximum DMD was found in leaves followed by the whole mixed plant, middle and bottom portion of the stem. The values of DMD were higher in younger plants as compared to the matured ones. It may be concluded that younger plants and the upper portion of the plants have a higher nutritive value as compared to the matured plants and lower portion of the plants.

• 한국건축시공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국건축시공학회 2013년도 추계 학술논문 발표대회
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• pp.194-195
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• 2013

Recently, it is the tendency that the CO₂ gas generated in the manufacturing process is increased every year in case of the portland cement used in the most of constructions and civil engineering field. The method that uses the mineral admixtures as the cement substitute material in order to be more serious and as much as it occupies 7% of the global CO₂ gas outlet amount such as 1 ton produces the cement and it ejects the CO₂ gas of 0.4~1.0 ton, etc conclude this problem is examined. Therefore, PVA fiber was mixed into the inorganic binder recycling the blast furnace slag, which is the industrial byproduct with the purpose studying the Geo polymer which doesn't use the cement at all silica fume, red mud, and etc. In addition, the water curing temperature was differentiated and the strength characteristic of the curing body tried to be examined.

• Computers and Concrete
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• 제29권 5호
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• pp.347-360
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• 2022

Fiber-reinforced cementitious composites (FRCC) have emerged as a response to the calls for strong, ductile and sustainable concrete mixes. FRCC has shown outstanding mechanical properties and ductility where special fibres are used in the mixes to give it the strength and the ability to exhibit strain hardening. With the possibility of designing the FRCC mixes to include sustainable constituents and by-products materials such as fly ash, FRCC started to emerge as a green alternative as well. To be able to design mixes that achieve these conflicting properties in concrete, there is a need to understand the composition effect on FRCC and optimize these compositions. Therefore, this paper aims to investigate the influence of FRCC compositions on the properties of fresh and hardened of FRCC and then to optimize these mix compositions using factorial design approach. Three factors, water-to-binder ratio (w/b), mineral admixtures (total of fly ash and metakaolin by cement content (MAR)), and metakaolin content (MK), were investigated to determine their effects on the properties of fresh and hardened FRCC. The results show the importance of combining both FA and MK in obtaining a satisfactory fresh and mechanical properties of FRCC. Models were suggested to elucidate the role of the studied factors and a method for optimization was proposed.

• Preventive Nutrition and Food Science
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• 제14권3호
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• pp.208-213
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• 2009

The achievement of maximal peak bone mineral density (BMD) in early life is one of the most important strategies for the prevention of osteoporosis, which is affected by nutritional status. However, it has been reported that young Korean women do not consume the optimal levels of nutrients because of the frequent practice of body weight reduction. Therefore, this study was conducted to investigate the relationship between nutrient intakes and BMD in young Korean women. Bone mineral density was measured at the lumbar spine by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. Information on health status, lifestyle and physical activity was obtained by questionnaire. Dietary intake was ascertained from a 3-day dietary record. The study sample included 112 Korean women aged 20$\sim$39 yr. In accordance with the energy intake of subjects, individuals who had an energy intake that was greater than 80% of the Korean Dietary Reference Intake (KDRI) were assigned to the control group (Control), while those who had an energy intake lower than 80% of the KDRI were assigned to the low intake group (LI). The intake of all nutrients in the LI group was significantly lower than that of the Control. Control subjects also showed nutrient intakes higher than the KDRI, except for Ca and folate. However, LI subjects showed intakes of energy, fiber, Ca, Fe, K, Zn, vitamin A, vitamin B1, vitamin B2 and folate that were lower than the KDRI. The BMD of the lumbar spine in LI subjects was significantly lower than that of the Control subjects. These results suggested that lower nutrient intake has a negative impact on BMD in young women.

• 공업화학
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• 제23권4호
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• pp.367-371
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• 2012

폐 인쇄회로기판(WPCBs)은 Cu, Ni, Au, Ag, Pd 등의 희귀금속을 함유하고 있다. 폐 전자제품의 양이 지속적으로 증가하므로, WPCBs에서 희귀금속을 회수하는 방법에 대한 연구가 필요하다. WPCBs에서 유리섬유 보강 에폭시수지로부터 금속과 유리섬유 및 에폭시 수지로 원재료로 분리하는 방법으로 화학적 재활용 방법은 어려운 방법으로 알려져 있다. 본 연구에서는 WPCBs에서 금속 및 비금속성분을 분리하는 화학적 방법으로 에폭시 수지의 해중합을 methylpyrrolidone와 dimethylformamide 용매에서 $K_3PO_4$ 촉매를 사용하였다. WPCBs의 반응온도를 $160{\sim}200^{\circ}C$범위에서 진행하였고 반응시간을 2~12 h하여 반응을 진행하였다. WPCBs의 반응 후 얻은 재생 유리섬유를 열중량분석기를 통해 분석하였으며 WPCBs에서 에폭시 수지의 용해도를 조사하였다.

• Mycobiology
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• 제43권4호
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• pp.423-434
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• 2015

The study was conducted to compare the effects of different agro-wastes on the growth, yield, and nutritional composition of oyster mushrooms Pleurotus ostreatus (PO) and Pleurotus cystidiosus (PC). Seven substrate formulas including sawdust (SD), corncob (CC), sugarcane bagasse (SB) alone and in combination of 80 : 20, 50 : 50 ratio between SD and CC, SD and SB were investigated. The results indicated that different substrate formulas gave a significant difference in total colonization period, characteristics of fruiting bodies, yield, biological efficiency (BE), nutritional composition and mineral contents of two oyster mushrooms PO and PC. The results showed that increasing CC and SB reduced C/N ratio, and enhanced some mineral contents (Ca, P, and Mg) of substrate formulas. The increased amount of CC and SB of substrate formulas enhanced protein, ash, mineral contents (Ca, K, Mg, Mn, and Zn) of fruiting bodies of both mushrooms. Substrates with 100% CC and 100% SB were the most suitable substrate formulas for cultivation of oyster mushrooms PO and PC in which they gave the highest values of cap diameter, stipe thickness, mushroom weight, yield, BE, protein, fiber, ash, mineral content (Ca, K, and Mg) and short stipe length. However, substrate formula 100% CC gave the slowest time for the first harvest of both mushrooms PO and PC (46.02 days and 64.24 days, respectively). It is also found that the C/N ratio of substrate formulas has close correlation with total colonization period, mushroom weight, yield, BE and protein content of mushroom PO and PC.