• Journal of Korean Society of Environmental Engineers
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• v.35 no.8
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• pp.564-570
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• 2013

Domestic treatment facilities for acid mine drainage (AMD) mostly used a passive treatment process. But some passive treatment facility discharged high manganese concentrations because it is required high pH (>9) for abiotic oxidation of Mn(II) to Mn(IV). This study was focused on the feasibility of biological manganese treatment using the manganese-oxidizing bacteria (Pseudomonas sp. MN5) from AMD and economical application method of it. To investigate the various conditions of water quality the most part of the experiments were based on batch test. And result of it showed that maximum manganese oxidation rate were $10.4mg/L{\cdot}h$ at the pH7. We also performed small column tests in which MOB were attached to the functional polyurethane (FPU) media containing alkaline chemicals. Manganese concentration decreased 42 mg/L to below 6 mg/L. But anaerobic condition formed by excessive bacterial respiration in column resulted in increasing effluent manganese concentration.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Groundwater Environment
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• v.5 no.1
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• pp.44-55
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• 1998

Imgok creek is the most severly polluted one out of the streams which have been being polluted by acid drainages from the abandoned coal mines in the Gangdong-Myeon area, the central part of the so called Gangreung coal field. Imgok creek is being mainly polluted by the drainage from Youngdong coal mine, which supplies such pollutants as Mg, Fe, Al, Si, Ca, Mn, and SO$_4$as major dissolved components and Cr, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Rb, Sr, Cd, Pb, and U as minor dissolved components. After the influx, the pollutants migrate mainly as dissolved solid, rather than as suspended solids along Imgok creek. The suspended solids in Imgok creek are very rich in Fe and Al, indicating that they mainly consist of the precipitates of present and past from the polluted water. Most of the dissolved components in the stream waters of Imgok creek removed from the aqueous phase by precipitation and dilution before reaching the East Sea, so that water quality of the downstreams of Imgok creek is very similar to that of unpolluted tributaries. It suggests that Imgok creek itself is now being severly polluted by the acid drainages from the abandoned coal mines, but the East Sea is relatively safe from the same pollution. The estuary and sea waters around the Goonseon estuary, which accepts Imgok creek water, certainly show no significant difference in chemical compositions from the mean oceanic water. The bottom sediments at the sampling sites of the sea waters also show no significant trend of their component variation, especially the variations of Fe, SO$_4$ and Al concentrations. These facts again supper that the acid mine drainage is not considerablly polluting the East Sea. However, the tributaries supplying the fresh water to the Imgok creek will be certainly polluted by the acid mine drainage as time passes and pollutants will have more chance to migrate in significant amount to the downstream area, which all can be a real threats to the East Sea on the pollution possibility. Therefore, it is suggested that urgently required are not only water quality and environmental improvement of the severely polluted Imgok creek but also preparation of the measures on the possible future pollution of the East Sea by the acid drainage from the abandoned coal mines in the area, while the East Sea is still not much affected by the pollution of the same kind.

• Economic and Environmental Geology
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• v.35 no.3
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• pp.241-255
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• 2002

The purpose of this study is to investigate environmental geochemical characteristics for the acid mine drainage and stream sediments in the abandoned Honam coal mine area. For the chemical analysis, stream winter samples were collected at 54 sites and for the mineralogical and chemical analysis, stream sediments samples were collected at 34 sites. Physical and chemical characteristics of stream water were measured at the site and chemical compositions were analyzed by ICP-AES, ICP-MS and IC. Mineralogical characteristics of stream sediments samples were determined using XRD, SEM and EDS. In physical and chemical properties, stream water shows thats pH 2.85~8.12, Eh -62~215 mV, EC 0.205~146 ms/m, ER 0.234~255 {$\Omega}{\cdot}$m, DO 0.03~1068 mg/L and TDS 10.96~1420mg/L. In chemical compositions, we obtain that K 0.118~3.184 mg/L, Mg 2.1~114.48 mg/L, Ca 2.59~l25.02 mg/L, Al 0.01~44.72 mg/L, Fe 0.108~89.49 mg/L and Na 5.45~125.41 mg/L. Stream sediments are commonly composed of quartz, illite and goethite in the result of x-ray diffraction. After heat treatment at 98$0^{\circ}C$, the hematite peaks are distinctly shown. In consideration of heavy metals (include Fe) for steam sediments, Fe ranges 22575~34713 ppm, Zn 41.66~970.3 ppm, Cd 0.52~52.07 ppm, Cu 1.25~198.5 ppm and Pb 0.43~77.35 ppm.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Soil and Groundwater Environment Conference
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• 2003.09a
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• pp.184-187
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• 2003

To solve the problems of operating passive mine drainage treatment systems, the In Adit Sulfate Reducing System(IASRS) was suggested. By placing the SAPS inside the adit, the condition of constant temperature of 10~15$^{\circ}C$ can be maintained. The experiments using the models made up by four sections showd good efficiencies in pH control and metal removal rate, but showed still low sulfate removal rate of about 30% with high COB in the begining of the operation.

• Journal of the Mineralogical Society of Korea
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• v.24 no.2
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• pp.145-149
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• 2011

• Economic and Environmental Geology
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• v.53 no.5
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• pp.517-528
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• 2020

The objectives of this study were to select optimal soil amendments through analysis of heavy metal availability in soil and uptake to Miscanthus sinensis Anderss. for phytostablization in heavy metal contaminated soil of abandoned metal mine. M. sinensis was cultivated for 6 months at contaminated soil with several soil treatments (bottom ash 1 and 2%, fly ash 1 and 2%, waste lime+oyster 1 and 2%, acid mine drainage sludge (AMDS) 10 and 20%, compost 3.4%, and control). The analysis results of heavy metal concentrations in the soil by Mehlich-3 mehthod, growth and heavy metal concentrations of M. sinensis showed that AMDS 20% was more effective than other amendments for phytostablization, and AMDS 10% showed second effectiveness. Waste lime+oyster, bottom ash and fly ash were also improved compared to control. Mobility of some heavy metal was increased by treatments. Therefore, it is necessary of preparatory investigation of soil condition to select soil amendment to apply on-site phytostablization.

• Journal of the Korean earth science society
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• v.37 no.4
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• pp.211-217
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• 2016

There have been found mine tailings, wastes, and mining drainage scattered in the area of Nakdong River due to the improper maintenance of the abandoned mines. These contaminants can flow into rivers during the heavy rain periods in summer. Along the study area beginning Seokpo-myeon, Bonghwa-gun of Gyeongsangbuk-do untill Dosan-myeon, Andong-si, there are one hundred five mines including sixty metalliferous mines and forty-five nonmetal mines, which can adversely affect the adjacent rivers. To verify the contamination, we collected sediments, seepage water and surface water for a year both in rainy season and dry season. This study found that sediments, containing high concentrations of heavy metals caused by mining activities, are dispersed throughout the entire river basin (68 sample points with pollution index, based on the concentration of trace element, (PI) >10 among the total of 101 samples). The results of river water analysis indicated the increased concentrations of arsenic and cadmium at branches from Seungbu, Sambo, Okbang and Janggun mine, which concerns that the river water may be contaminated by mining drainage and tailing sediments. However, it is difficult to sort out the exact sources of contamination in sediments and waters only by using the chemical compositions. Thus the control of mining pollution is challenging. To prevent water from being contaminated by mining activities, we should be able to divide inflow rates from each origin of the mines. Therefore, there should be a continued study about how to trace the source of contaminants from mining activities by analyzing stable isotopes.

• Ecology and Resilient Infrastructure
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.63-71
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• 2020

Various types of amendments have been studied for heavy metal stabilization in soil. However, researches on the effect of amendments on alkali soil and their effects on the plants at various edible parts are insufficient. The aim of this study was to evaluate the stabilization efficiency of heavy metals and their transfer into edible parts of food crops. Abandoned mine area was selected and 3 types of amendments (lime stone, LS; steel slag, SS; acid mine drainage sludge, AMDS) was applied with 3% (w/w). in field. After 6 month aging, Chinese cabbage (leafy), bok choy (leafy), garlic (root) and red pepper (fruit) were transplanted and cultivated. For chemical assessment, total concentration and bioavailability using Mehlich-3 solution were determined. For biological assessment, fresh weight and heavy metal uptakes were analyzed. It was revealed that AMDS reduced bioavailability most effectively, resulting in the decrease in heavy metal concentration in edible parts of all crops. When explaining the heavy metal uptake of plants, the bioavailability was more appropriate than the total contents of soil heavy metals. Therefore, bioavailability-based further research and management practices should be carried out continuously for the sustainable environment management, safe crop production, and human health risk reduction.

• Journal of the Korean Geotechnical Society
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• v.30 no.7
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• pp.5-15
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• 2014

Abandoned mine deposits are exposed to various physico-chemical geo-environmental hazards and disasters, such as acid mine drainage, water contamination, erosion, and landslides. This paper presents the ring shear characteristics of waste materials. The ring shear box with a rotatable O-ring was used in this study. Three tests were performed: (i) Shear stress-time relationship for given normal stress and shear speed, (ii) shear stress as a function of shear speed, and (iii) shear stress as a function of normal stress. For a given normal stress (50 kPa) and speed (0.1 mm/sec), the materials tested exhibit a strain softening behavior, regardless of drainage condition. The peak and residual shear stresses were determined for each normal stress and shear speed. The shear stress was measured when shear speed is equal to 0.01, 0.1, 1, 10, 50, 100 mm/sec or when normal stress is equal to 20, 40, 60, 80, 100, 150 kPa. From the test results, we found that the shear stress increases with increasing shear speed. The shear stress also increases with increasing normal stress. However, different types of shearing mode were observed in drained and undrained conditions. Under drained condition, particle crushing was observed from the shearing zone to the bottom of lower ring. Under undrained condition, particle crushing was observed only at the shearing zone, which has approximately 1 cm thick. It means that a significant high shear speed under undrained condition can result in increased landslide hazard.

• Journal of the Mineralogical Society of Korea
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• v.30 no.4
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• pp.195-204
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• 2017

For evaluation of adsorption characteristics of heavy metals, precipitates were collected from stream bottom in the Dalseong mine. The removal of some heavy metals such as As, Cu, and Cd from aqueous solution is studied using a precipitates taken from acid mine drainage. The yellowish brown (Munsell color 8.75YR 5/10) and dark brown (Munsell color 2.5YR 3/8) precipitates that collected from the study area consist mainly of schwertmannite and goethite, respectively. The percentage removal or adsorption capacity of metals depends on the initial concentration and characteristics of adsorbent. Removal efficiency of the adsorbents shows the order for metal ions of As > Cu > Cd. The adsorption efficiency by absorbent of precipitates in low concentration metal aqueous solution were observed 67.00-85.00% for As, 26.24-29.08% for Cd, and 7.67-12.82% for Cu. As the initial concentration of metal ions was increased from 1 to 10 mg/L, adsorption amount of adsorbent increased from 0.29 to 1.29 mg/g of Cu of schwertmannite, and from 0.24 to 1.97 mg/g of goethite.