• Title/Summary/Keyword: minCD

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Immunogic Study on the Effect of Gamidaegang-tang on Collagen II - Induced Arthritis in Mice (가미대강활탕(加味大羌活湯)이 Collagen II로 유발된 관절염 생쥐모델에 미치는 면역학적 연구)

  • Kim, Tae-Young;Oh, Min-Seok
    • Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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    • v.23 no.5
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    • pp.1095-1105
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    • 2009
  • This study was carried out to know the immunological effect of GDGT on CIA(collagen induced arthritis) mice, a model of rheumatoid arthritis. For this purpose, GDGT was orally administerd to mice with arthritis induced by collagen II and then value of cytotoxicity on hFLSs and liver, the arthritis index, immunocyte in paw joint and DNL, rheumatoid factor (IgG and IgM), collagen II specific antibody in the serum were measured. The cytotoxicity were not shown on hFLSs and liver. The arthritis index decreased significantly after 3 week. In total cell counts of DLN and paw joint, there was a significant increase in DLN and significant decrease in paw joint. In DNL, $CD19^+$, $CD3^+$, $CD4^+$, $CD3^+/CD69^+$, $CD8^+$, $CD4^+/CD25^+$, $ CD3^+/CD49b^+$ cells increased significantly. In Paw joints, $CD3^+$, $ CD4^+$, $CD4^+/CD25^+$ cells decreased significantly. The level of serum IgG and IgM decreased significantly. The level of collagen II in the serum was decreased significantly. Marginal erosion, necrotic chodrocytes, cartilage and bone degradation were improved in histological section of paw joints. The results present significant immunological effect of GDGT on rats with arthritis induced by collgen II. So we expect that GDGT should be used as a effective drugs for not only rheumatoid arthritis but also another auto-immune disease.

Improvement of Solubility and Dissolution of Ketoconazole by Inclusion with Cyclodextrin (시클로덱스트린과의 포접에 의한 케토코나졸의 용해성 및 용출 증가)

  • Park, Gee-Bae;Ann, Hong-Jik;Chang, Young-Soo;Seo, Bo-Youn;Lee, Kwang-Pyo
    • Journal of Pharmaceutical Investigation
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    • v.24 no.2
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    • pp.85-94
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    • 1994
  • Inclusion complexes of ketoconazole (KT) with ${\alpha}-$, ${\beta}-cyclodextrin$ (CD) and dimethyl-${\beta}-cyclodextrin$ $(DM{\beta}CD)$ in a molar ratio of 1:2 were prepared by freeze-drying and solvent evaporation methods. The interactions of KT with ${\alpha}-CD$, ${\beta}-CD$ and $DM{\beta}CD$ in aqueous solution and in solid state were investigated by solubility study, infrared (lR) spectroscopy and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). The stability constant of $KT-DM{\beta}CD$ inclusion complex (lC) was found to be the largest among three inclusion complexes. Clear differences in IR spectra and DSC curves were observed between inclusion complexes and physical mixtures (PM) of KT-CDs. It was also shown by IR spectra and DSC curves that solvent evaporation method might be. superior to the freeze-drying method in preparing the inclusion complexes of KT-CDs. The dissolution rate of KT was markedly increased by inclusion complex formation with CDs in the buffer solution at pH 4.0 and pH 6.8. The mean dissolution time (MDT,min), which represents the rapidity of dissolution, was in the order of $KT-DM{\beta}CD$ IC (3.20) < $KT-{\beta}-CD$ IC (4.36) < $KT-{\alpha}-CD$ IC (6.99) < $KT-{\alpha}-CD$ PM (17.46)< $KT-{\beta}-CD$ PM (19.36) < $KT-{\beta}-CD$ PM (28.53). The dissolution rates of KT-CD ICsprepared by solvent evaporation method were faster than those of KT-CD ICs prepared by freeze-drying method.

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Cyclodextrin의 사용과 pH의 변화를 이용한 Levofloxacin 생산 증대 연구

  • Mun, Ji-Suk;No, Yun-Suk;O, Seon-Yeong;Jang, Seong-Jae;Im, Sang-Min;Kim, Dong-Il
    • 한국생물공학회:학술대회논문집
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    • 2001.11a
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    • pp.662-665
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    • 2001
  • Enantioselective production of levofloxacin from ofloxacin butyl ester by porcine liver esterase was enhanced with the addition of ${\alpha}$-cyclodextrin(${\alpha}-CD$) and pH change. The conversion yield was increased from 27 to 64% and 100% with 150 mM substrate when the molar ratio of ${\alpha}-CD$ to substrate was 1 and 2, respectively. When 100 mM of substrate was added with the same molar ratio of ${\alpha}-CD$ at pH 5.6, the solubility was increased 3.8 times and the conversion yield was increased 4.4 times.

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Dynamic lipopolysaccharide transfer cascade to TLR4/MD2 complex via LBP and CD14

  • Kim, Soo Jin;Kim, Ho Min
    • BMB Reports
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    • v.50 no.2
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    • pp.55-57
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    • 2017
  • Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) together with MD2, one of the key pattern recognition receptors for a pathogen-associated molecular pattern, activates innate immunity by recognizing lipopolysaccharide (LPS) of Gram-negative bacteria. Although LBP and CD14 catalyze LPS transfer to the TLR4/MD2 complex, the detail mechanisms underlying this dynamic LPS transfer remain elusive. Using negative-stain electron microscopy, we visualized the dynamic intermediate complexes during LPS transfer-LBP/LPS micelles and ternary CD14/LBP/LPS micelle complexes. We also reconstituted the entire cascade of LPS transfer to TLR4/MD2 in a total internal reflection fluorescence (TIRF) microscope for a single molecule fluorescence analysis. These analyses reveal longitudinal LBP binding to the surface of LPS micelles and multi-round binding/unbinding of CD14 to single LBP/LPS micelles via key charged residues on LBP and CD14. Finally, we reveal that a single LPS molecule bound to CD14 is transferred to TLR4/MD2 in a TLR4-dependent manner. These discoveries, which clarify the molecular mechanism of dynamic LPS transfer to TLR4/MD2 via LBP and CD14, provide novel insights into the initiation of innate immune responses.

Modification of Quantum Dot Sensitized ZnO Nanowires for Stable Photoelectrochemical Hydrogen Generation

  • Seol, Min-Su;Jang, Ji-Uk;Jo, Seung-Ho;Lee, Jae-Seong;Yong, Gi-Jung
    • Proceedings of the Korean Vacuum Society Conference
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    • 2013.02a
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    • pp.676-676
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    • 2013
  • 무기물 양자점을 광감응 염료로 사용하는 경우 양자점의 사이즈 조절만으로 밴드갭을 조절할 수 있어 광학적 특성 조절이 용이하며, 유기 염료보다 광흡수 능력이 뛰어난 장점을 가진다. 특히 카드뮴 계열의 CdS, CdSe 양자점을 순차적으로 증착하여 사용하는 경우 가시광 전 영역을 효율적으로 흡수, 이용할 수 있어 광전기화학 셀의 광전극으로 사용 시 높은 성능을 기대할 수 있다. 하지만, 카드뮴 계열 양자점의 경우 광전기화학 셀로의 구동에 있어 안정성이 낮은 문제점이 있으며, 이는 양자점에 남아있는 정공이 관여하는 양자점 부식 반응으로 인한 것이다. 본 연구에서는 보다 안정적이면서도 고효율의 광전기화학적 수소생산 시스템을 위해, CdSe/CdS 양자점 감응형 ZnO 나노선 광전극에 IrO2 촉매물질을 증착하였다. CdSe/CdS 양자점이 가시광 전 영역을 흡수하며, ZnO 나노선 구조를 통해 생성된 광전자를 효율적으로 포집하여 높은 광전류 특성을 기대할 수 있다. 나아가 산소생산용 조촉매로 많이 사용하는 $IrO_2$ 촉매 물질의 추가증착을 통해 양자점에서 생긴 정공을 빼 줌으로서 정공이 관여하는 양자점 부식 반응을 방지할 수 있다. 실험결과 촉매물질의 증착 이후 광전류 생성 특성 및 수소생산량이 증가하였으며, 안정성 또한 상당히 향상된 것을 확인할 수 있었다.

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Crosslinking of $\beta$-Cyclodextrin on Cholesterol Removal from Milk

  • Kim, S.H.;Ahn, J.;Kwak, H.S.
    • Archives of Pharmacal Research
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    • v.27 no.11
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    • pp.1183-1187
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    • 2004
  • This study was designed to develop crosslinking of $\beta$-cyclodextrin ($\beta$-CD), and determine the optimum conditions of different factors (mixing time, mixing temperature, and mixing speed) on cholesterol reduction from milk. Crosslinked $\beta$-CD was prepared with epichlorohydrin. When milk was treated with different conditions, the cholesterol removal rate was in the range of 79.4 to 83.3% with 1 % crosslinked $\beta$-CD addition, which were not significantly different among treatments. After cholesterol removal from milk, the used crosslinked $\beta$-CD was washed for cholesterol dissociation and reused. For recycling study, the cholesterol removal rate in first trial was 81.8%, which was mostly same as that using new crosslinked $\beta$-CD. With five trials repeatedly using the same sample, the mean cholesterol removal rate was 81.2%. The present study indicated that the optimum conditions on cholesterol removal using crosslinked $\beta$-CD were 10 min mixing with 400 rpm speed at $5^{\circ}C$ with about 80% cholesterol removal. In addition, crosslinked $\beta$-CD resulted in the effective recycling efficiency almost 100%.

Practical Methods of Live-CD usage for Case-Relevance Response in Korea (국내 수사 환경을 고려한 LiveCD 활용 방법 제안)

  • Lee, Seung-Bong;Choi, Jae-Min;Lee, Sang-Jin;Lim, Jong-In
    • Proceedings of the Korean Society of Broadcast Engineers Conference
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    • 2008.02a
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    • pp.43-46
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    • 2008
  • 디지털 증거의 수집은 컴퓨터 포렌식 수사절차에서 매우 중요하다. 디지털 증거는 특히 용의자가 범죄 과정에서 노출한 증거들을 획득한다는 것에 의미가 있으며, 현재 이러한 디지털 증거 수집을 위한 많은 도구들이 활용되고 있다. 그 중 LiveCD는 대상 운영체제의 영향을 받지 않고, CD 자체를 통해 저장된 다양한 포렌식 툴을 사용 할 수가 있다. 또한 여러 종류의 파일 시스템을 지원하기 때문에 초기 대응에 아주 유용하게 사용되며, 위 과정을 통해 수집된 데이터는 무결성 검증을 통해 증거 수사에 활용된다. 현재 여러 가지 LiveCD를 수사에 활용하고 있으나, 각 도구들 마다 지원하는 포렌식 툴이 다르고 지원하는 운영체제도 다양하다. 따라서 상황에 따라 적절한 LiveCD를 활용하는 것은 매우 중요하며, 이를 통해 증거의 수집을 용이하게 할 수 있다. 따라서 본고에서는 국외의 포렌식용 LiveCD 현황에 대한 조사 및 비교 분석하여 국내 수사 환경을 고려한 LiveCD 활용 방안에 대해 제시 한다.

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Properties of Infrared Detector and Growth for HgCdTe Epilayers

  • Hong, Kwang-Joon;You, Sang-Ha
    • Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Electrical and Electronic Material Engineers Conference
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    • 2003.11a
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    • pp.116-119
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    • 2003
  • [ $Hg_{1-x}Cd_xTe$ ] (MCT) was grown by hot wall epitaxy method. Prior to the MCT growth, the CdTe (111) buffer layer was grown on the GaAs substrate at the temperature of 590 C for 15 min. When the thickness of the CdTe buffer layer was 5 m or thicker, the full width at half maximum values obtained from the x-ray rocking curves were found to significantly decrease. After a good quality CdTe buffer layer was grown, the MCT epilayers were grown on the CdTe (111) /GaAs substrate at various temperature in situ. The crystal quality for those epilayers was investigated by means of the x-ray rocking curves and the photocurrent experiment. The photoconductor characterization for the epilayers was also measured. The energy band gap of MCT was determined from the photocurrent measurement and the x composition rates from the temperature dependence of the energy band gap were turned out.

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The activation of CD99 inhibits cell-extracellular matrix adhesion by suppressing β1 integrin affinity

  • Lee, Kyoung-Jin;Lee, Sun-Hee;Yadav, Birendra Kumar;Ju, Hyun-Mi;Kim, Min-Seo;Park, Jeong-Hyun;Jeoung, Doo-Il;Lee, Han-Soo;Hahn, Jang-Hee
    • BMB Reports
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    • v.45 no.3
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    • pp.159-164
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    • 2012
  • CD99 is known to be involved in the regulation of cell-cell adhesion. However, it remains unclear whether CD99 controls cell-extracellular matrix adhesion. In this study, the effects of CD99 activation on cell-extracellular matrix adhesion were investigated. It was found that engagement of CD99 with the stimulating antibody YG32 downregulated the adhesion of MCF-7 cells to fibronectin, laminin and collagen IV in a dose-dependent manner. The CD99 effect on cell-ECM adhesion was inhibited by overexpression of the dominant negative form of CD99 or CD99 siRNA transfection. Treatment of cells with $Mn^{2+}$ or by ${\beta}_1$ integrin-stimulating antibody restored the inhibitory effect of CD99 on cell-ECM adhesion. Cross-linking CD99 inactivated ${\beta}_1$ integrin through conformational change. CD99 activation caused dephosphorylation at Tyr-397 in FAK, which was restored by the ${\beta}_1$ stimulating antibody. Taken together, these results provide the first evidence that CD99 inhibits cell-extracellular matrix adhesion by suppressing ${\beta}_1$ integrin affinity.

Human Activated Lymphocyte Treated with Anti-CD3, CD16, CD56 Monoclonal Antibody and IL-2 (Anti-CD3, CD16과 CD56 단일항체와 IL-2를 사용하여 활성화시킨 사람의 림프구)

  • Hong, Seon-Min;Lee, Dong-Wook;Kang, Jin-Gu;Kim, Han-Soo;Cho, Sung-Hoon
    • IMMUNE NETWORK
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    • v.5 no.1
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    • pp.11-15
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    • 2005
  • Background: Throughtout the last three decades, the therapy of leukemias and lymphoma has set the stage for curative cancer therapy in systemic malignant disease. This was the result of an integrated work of basic reaserch and clinical investigators leading to more aggressive albeit tolerable protocol of chemotherapy and radiotherapy. High dose therapy marks the most elaborated strategies in this field today. However, intensification of conventional therapeutic modalities as mentioned has to be based on new approaches and the exploration of new antineoplastic mechanisms. This insight has resulted in immune therapy of cancer. Among the cells of the immune system, natural killer (NK) cells and T cells are of major interest for the development of therapeutic strategies. Methods: Cytotoxicity to target cells was measured by LDH release method, Characterization of activated lymphocyte was measured by Flow cytometry analysis. Anti-CD3, 16, 56 monoclonal antibody and IL-2 were used for the activation of NK and T cell. The analysis of effect of activated lymphocyte, in vivo, were used by Balb/c nude mouse. Results and Conclusion: Cytotoxicity to K562 cells was significantly higher in the mixture group of NK and T cells than that of a group of activating T cells. The survivors and the rate of reduction of size of tumor craft of nude mouse group treatment with activated lymphocyte was higher than that of the group without treatment with activated lymphocyte. Therefore, this results are suggested that the activated lymphocytes by anti-CD3, CD16 and CD56 can reduce the malignancy effect of lymphoma.