• Journal of Welding and Joining
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• 제16권2호
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• pp.73-83
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• 1998

This study investigated the relationships between the microstructure and the wear resistance of hardfaced iron/chromium alloys to examine the low stress abrasive wear mechanism. The effects of volume fraction of reinforcing phases(chromium carbide and eutectic phase) were studied. The alloys were deposited once or twice on a mild steel plate using a self-shielding flux cored arc welding process. The low stress abrasion resistance of he alloys against dry sands was measured by the Dry Sand/Ruber Wheel Abrasion Tester (RWAT). The wear resistance of hypoeutectic alloys, below 0.36 volume fraction of chromium-carbide phase (VFC), behaved as Equal Pressure Mode (EPM) for the inverse rule of mixture whereas the wear resistance of hypereutectic alloys, above 0.36 VFC, represented Equal Wear Mode (EWM) for the linear rule of mixture.

• Tribology and Lubricants
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• 제39권6호
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• pp.228-234
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• 2023

In this study, reciprocating wear tests are performed on AISI 52100 bearing steel to investigate its tribological behavior in a hexagonal boron nitride (h-BN) water solution. The h-BN-based aqueous lubricant is prepared using an atoxic procedure called ultrasonic sonication in pure water. Ball-on-flat reciprocating sliding experiments are conducted, where the ball is slewed on a fixed flat at 50-㎛ displacement. The lubricating behavior of h-BN is compared with that of deionized (DI) water. Results show that the friction coefficient is higher in h-BN testing than that in DI tests, but the results are equalized as the friction coefficient reaches a stable level. Scanning electron microscopic images reveal significant material loss in the center and mild abrasion on the edge of the wear scar in h-BN tests. However, these effects are minor in DI water situations. The results of energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy show that considerable oxidation occurs in the central zone of the wear scar in h-BN cases with strong adhesion and material removal. These findings reveal the importance of determining ideal circumstances that can tolerate material friction and wear.

• 열처리공학회지
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• 제11권3호
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• pp.159-167
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• 1998

In this study, friction-wear test was carried out on the carburized layer depth of a mechanical structure steel SNCM carburized with RX and LPG for 7hrs at $930^{\circ}C$ and also the wear properties of wear loss, wear rate, coefficient of friction, friction force and friction temperature were investigated. The wear properties for carburized layer of SNCM were tested on dry condition at the room temperature by the thrust load of 49~245N range at sliding speed of 0.2m/sec and the sliding speed of 0.2~1.0m/sec range at thrust load of 98N. Wear loss on the depth of carburizing layer was increased with increasing of thrust load and sliding speed, and with decreasing of hardness. The condition of worn surfaces were showed mild wear at less than the thrust load of 98N and sliding speed of 0.6m/sec but were showed severe wear at more than 98N and 0.6m/sec. The friction load and temperature were increased with increasing of thrust load but with increasing sliding speed was appeared minimum at 0.6m/sec. With increasing thrust load the wear rate was increased and the coefficient of friction was decreased, but with increasing sliding speed the wear rate and the coefficient of friction were decreased in 0.2~0.6m/sec and increased in 0.6~1.0m/sec, therefore 0.6m/sec in this testing is a transition velocity.

• 대한기계학회논문집
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• 제12권3호
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• pp.489-496
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• 1988

본 연구에서는 오스템퍼링 처리된 구상흑연주철의 오스템퍼링 처리온도와 유 지시간을 변화시킨 후 대기중의 건조미끄름마찰실험을 하여 내마멸특성을 검토하는 것 을 목적으로 하였다.

• Tribology and Lubricants
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• 제22권6호
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• pp.335-341
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• 2006

This paper reports the wear characteristics of two types of coating materials, which are $Cr_2O_3$ and $ZrO_2$, by coated plasma thermal spray method. The wear test was carried out under air, grease, and bearing fluid conditions. The wear testing machine of a pin-on disk type were used to measure friction forces, friction coefficients and the weight losses of the coating specimens on the various sliding velocity and loading condition. The wear surface of specimens were observed by scanning electron microscope (SEM) photographs.

• 한국소성가공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국소성가공학회 2003년도 추계학술대회논문집
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• pp.89-92
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• 2003

Nano-scratch tests were performed on PMMA thin films spin-coated on a Si substrate using an atomic force microscopy (AFM) with loads ranging from 10nN to 100nN. At low applied loads, a ridge pattern was formed on the PMMA surface. No wear particles were observed during the pattern-forming mild wear. At high applied loads, severe wear occurred accompanied by wear particles. The film with the highest hardness showed the highest wear resistance. Friction force generated during the Scratching was closely related with surface deformation of the film.

• Tribology and Lubricants
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• 제8권1호
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• pp.70-77
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• 1992

Al-Pb-Si bearing alloys were produced by a forced stirring method and a rapid solidification process to study wear properties of bearing alloys. A homogeneous distribution of Pb particles in Al matrix could be obtained by means of the forced stirring and the rapid cooling during the casting. The wear properties of bearing alloys were tested by a pin-on-disc wear tester. The change in microstructure according to the alloy manufacturing variables was observed by the backscattered electron images. Al-Pb and Al-Si binary alloys showed a transition from mild to severe wear. The transition was not found in Al-Pb-Si ternary alloys. It could be concluded that the lubricatioin effect of Pb and the strengthening effect of Si in the ternary alloys enhanced the bearing properties. A Al-25%Pb-13%Si alloy showed the lowest coefficient of friction in this experiment. It indicated that the optimum concentration of alloy was 25% Pb and 13% Si when the forced stirring of melt and water-cooled-copper-mold solidification were adopted.

• 한국분말재료학회지
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• 제7권2호
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• pp.63-70
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• 2000

Thermal spray coating process has proven to be effective at producing hard, dense, wear resistance coatings on the relatively mild substrates. Among several spraying techniques, HVOF (High Velocity Oxygen Fuel) and plasma coating processes, which are preferentially used for the wear resistance application such as capstans, have been applied in this study. The effects of pre-treatment, it-process and post-treatment parameters on the wear and mechanical properties of WC+12%Co, Cr3C2 and Al2O3 powder coatings have been investigated and correlated with the microstructures. The results indicated that the carbide coating was more preferable to the oxide coatings and the post-treatments consisting of vacuum annealing and sealing on carbide coatings led to significant improvements in wear resistance, adhesive strength and coating phase stabilization over the other processing techniques in this application.

• Tribology and Lubricants
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• 제34권6호
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• pp.284-291
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• 2018

Ball-milling for reactant powders in advance and using an induction heating system for Ni-Al intermetallic coating process are known to enhance the reactivity of combustion synthesis. In this work, the effects of the charging weight ratio of ball to powder in ball-milling for reactant Ni-Al powders and the synthesizing temperature in induction heating on sliding wear behavior of the coating layers are investigated. Sliding wear behavior of the coating layers is examined against a tool steel using a pin-on-disc type sliding wear machine. As results, wear of the coating layer ball-milled without ball was severely worn out at the sliding speed of 2m/s, regardless of the synthesizing temperature in induction heating. However, the wear rate of the coating layers at the sliding speed was remarkably decreased with increasing the charging weight ratio of ball in ball-milling for reactant powders. This can be explained by the fact that the void in the coating layer is disappeared and the coating layer is densified by the ball-milling. The evidence showed that pitting damages were disappeared on the worn surface of ball-milled coating layer. Consequentially, the Ni-Al intermetallic coating layer could have better wear resistance at all sliding speed ranges with the ball-milling for reactant powders in advance.

• Tribology and Lubricants
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• 제10권2호
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• pp.5-19
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• 1994

일반적으로 상대운동을 하는 모든 물체에는 마찰이 존재하며 각 경우에 상응하는 적절한 윤활을 하고 있지만 마모(Wear)는 필연적으로 발생된다. 마찰 부위에 형성되는 마모정도에 따라 경 마모(Mild Wear), 평 마모(Normal Wear), 중 마모(Severe Wear) 등이 발생되며 이로인해 윤활유 속에는 다량의 마모 입자들이 존재하게 됨으로써 마모를 가속시키는 요인으로 작용하여 손상(Failure)의 원인이 되기도 한다. 마찰부위의 마모 및 손상은 엔진에서도 마찬가지로 그 수명 및 성능과 관계가 있고 경제적인 문제와 직결되므로 상세한 분석 및 평가가 요망된다. 또한 엔진 설계 및 원활한 작동유지를 위해서 정확한 마모 예측과 그 평가방법이 요구된다. 이를 토대로 엔진 손상을 미연에 방지할 수 있으며, 실제 설계과정에 마모정도를 고려한 가장 최적의 설계인자를 제공할 수 있다고 본다. 본 논문에서는 손상부위에서 발생가능한 여러가지 마모형태를 분류하여 그 특징을 정리하였고, 이를 바탕으로 실제 엔진의 마모 및 손상 등의 평가에 적용할 수 있는 엔진의 부품별 평가자료를 만드는데 주안점을 두었다.