• Journal of Veterinary Science
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• v.24 no.4
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• pp.56.1-56.13
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• 2023

Background: Cold atmospheric plasma is a novel innovative approach for wound care, and it is currently underrepresented in veterinary medicine. Objectives: To investigate the efficacy and safety of using cold atmospheric microwave plasma (CAMP) as an adjunct therapy for wound healing in dogs and cats. Methods: Wound healing outcomes were retrospectively analyzed using clinical records of client-owned dogs and cats who were first managed through standard wound care alone (pre-CAMP period) and subsequently via CAMP therapy (CAMP period). The degree of wound healing was estimated based on wound size and a modified wound scoring system. Results: Of the 27 acute and chronic wounds included in the analysis, 81.48% showed complete healing after the administration of CAMP as an adjunct therapy to standard care. Most wounds achieved complete healing in < 5 weeks. Compared with the pre-CAMP period, the rate of wound healing significantly increased every week in the CAMP period in terms of in wound size (first week, p < 0.001; second week, p = 0.012; third week, p < 0.001) and wound score (first week, p < 0.001; second week, p < 0.001; third week, p = 0.001). No adverse events were noted except for mild discomfort and transient erythema. Conclusions: CAMP is a well-tolerated therapeutic option with immense potential to support the treatment of wounds of diverse etiology in small animal practice. Further research is warranted to establish specific criteria for CAMP treatment according to wound characteristics.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.32 no.5
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• pp.657-664
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• 2019

Objective: This study was performed to evaluate whether cold ambient temperature and dietary rumen-protected fat (RPF) supplementation affect growth performance, rumen fermentation, and blood parameters in Korean cattle steers. Methods: Twenty Korean cattle steers (body weight [BW], $550.6{\pm}9.14kg$; age, $19.7{\pm}0.13months$) were divided into a conventional control diet group (n = 10) and a 0.5% RPF supplementation group (n = 10). Steers were fed a concentrate diet (1.6% BW) and a rice straw diet (1 kg/d) for 16 weeks (January 9 to February 5 [P1], February 6 to March 5 [P2], March 6 to April 3 [P3], and April 4 to May 2 [P4]). Results: The mean and minimum indoor ambient temperatures in P1 ($-3.44^{\circ}C$, $-9.40^{\circ}C$) were lower (p<0.001) than those in P3 ($5.87^{\circ}C$, $-1.86^{\circ}C$) and P4 ($11.18^{\circ}C$, $4.28^{\circ}C$). The minimum temperature in P1 fell within the moderate cold-stress (CS) category, as previously reported for dairy cattle, and the minimum temperatures of P2 and P3 were within the mild CS category. Neither month nor RPF supplementation affected the average daily gain or gain-to-feed ratio (p>0.05). Ruminal ammonia nitrogen concentrations were higher (p<0.05) in cold winter than spring. Plasma cortisol concentrations were lower (p<0.05) in the coldest month than in the other months. Serum glucose concentrations were generally higher in colder months than in the other months but were unaffected by RPF supplementation. RPF supplementation increased both total cholesterol (p = 0.004) and high-density lipoprotein (HDL) concentrations (p = 0.03). Conclusion: Korean cattle may not be significantly affected by moderate CS, considering that the growth performance of cattle remained unchanged, although variations in blood parameters were observed among the studied months. RPF supplementation altered cholesterol and HDL concentrations but did not affect growth performance.

• The Journal of Korean Medicine Ophthalmology and Otolaryngology and Dermatology
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• v.36 no.4
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• pp.122-144
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• 2023

Objectives : The purpose of this study is to evaluate the effects of herbal medicine treatment in patients with cold urticaria. Methods : We searched randomized controlled trials(RCTs) reporting the effects of herbal medicine for cold urticaria through domestic and international databases from their inception to September 2023. The results were summarized in tables. We assessed the risk of bias in included RCTs through Cochrane risk of bias tool and the data synthesis was conducted through RevMan version 5.4. Results : A total of 12 RCTs were included in this review and all trials compared herbal medicine alone treatment(treatment group) with western medicine alone treatment(control group). The total effective rate(TER) of treatment group was statistically higher than that of control group(RR: 1.49, 95% CI: 1.38 to 1.62, p<0.00001, I²=65%). On the other hand, when comparing except for 1 trial with different evaluation period, the TER of treatment group was statistically higher than that of control group and heterogeneity was very low(RR: 1.36, 95% CI: 1.26 to 1.47, p<0.00001, I²=0%). And when comparing 8 trials using the total symptom score(TSS) change index as an indicator of TER, the TER of treatment group was statistically higher than that of control group and heterogeneity was very low(RR: 1.38, 95% CI: 1.26 to 1.51, p<0.00001, I²=0%). The treatment group showed more statistically significant decrease compared to the control group in TSS(MD: -2.51, 95% CI: -2.63 to -2.40, p<0.00001, I²=99%). The relapse rate of treatment group was statistically lower than that of control group(RR: 0.19, 95% CI: 0.10 to 0.40, p<0.00001, I²=0%). Mild adverse events such as sleepiness, dizziness were reported in control group and gastric discomfort was reported in treatment group. In the risk of bias assessment, many cases were evaluated as 'Unclear risk'. Conclusions : This review found that herbal medicine alone treatment could more effective and safe than western medicine alone treatment for cold urticaria. But further well-designed researches are needed because of heterogeneity between trials and the quality of the included trials.

• Journal of the East Asian Society of Dietary Life
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• v.14 no.3
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• pp.196-206
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• 2004

The medicinal effects of 107 grains in $\boxDr$Dongeuebogam$\boxUl$ were studied for the development of healthy Korean traditional meal. Their efficacy, way of use, fact of taboo were mentioned in it. Grains were utilized and processed as tang(soup), jook(porridge), boonmal(powder), kunjo(drying), etc. Most of grains had sweet taste and mild nature(not hot and not cold) based on Eum-Yang-Oh-Haeng theory. The medicinal effects of grains described in $\boxDr$Dongeuebogam$\boxUl$ were the protection of stomach and intestine, enhancement of physical activity, protection of hair and skin, thirst elimination, treatment of several diseases, maintenance of health, etc.

• Journal of Power System Engineering
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• v.6 no.3
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• pp.31-35
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• 2002

Brake tube is considered one of the most important parts in automobile. The shape of brake tube end has a great influence on the function of brake, and the quality and productivity of brake tube have relation to die design. The forming process of brake tube end is performed by hydraulic press forming machine. In this paper, the forming processes of tube end for automobile is analyzed and designed to make the optimal form of brake tube end. Also, finite element analysis has been carried out using $DEFORM^{TM}% 3D to predict the optimal shape of brake tube end and the results obtained showed the optimal length between punch and chuck is $1.0{\sim}1.2mm$. The shape of tube end is in good agreement with the finite element simulations and the experimental results.

• The Journal of Korean Medicine
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• v.26 no.3 s.63
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• pp.74-79
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• 2005

Objectives : The purpose of This study was to find the effect of Jeondo-gan (JDS) on acne. Methods : From December 1, 2003 to January 31, 2004, 11 patients with acne were observed, limited to patients who were teated with JDS for more than three weeks. JDS mined with cold water was used on outbreaks of acne, 15 minutes. 1 time per night, 6 times per week. Results & Conclusions : 3 males and 8 females were treated ever three weeks, The average age was 21.73 years old. Before treatment, ache patients had sparse papules on the forehead. both cheeks, and chin, After treatment over three weeks, nine acne patients changed for ihe better at a rate of $81.8\%$ (mild improved $54.6\%$, improved $18.2\%$, much improved $9\%$)

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Machine Tool Engineers Conference
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• 2002.10a
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• pp.53-57
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• 2002

Brake tube is considered one of the most important parts in automobile. The shape of brake tube-end has a great influence on the function of brake, and the quality and productivity of brake tube have relation to die design. The forming process of brake tube-end is peformed by hydraulic press forming machine. In this paper, the forming processes of tube-end for automobile is analyzed and designed to make the optimal form of brake tube-end. Also, finite element analysis has been carried out using DEFORM-3D$\^$TM/ to predict the optimal shape of brake tube-end and the results obtained showed the optimal length between punch and chuck is 1.0 ∼ 1.2mm. The shape of tube-end is in good agreement with the finite element simulations and the experimental results.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• v.39 no.3
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• pp.228-230
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• 2006

Hypothermia is relatively a common condition and most cases involve mild hypothermia. But severe hypothermia below $30^{\circ}C$ is medical an emergency condition. We report the case of a 41-year-old man who had been left in a manhole for more than 9 hours on a freezing cold water. He was transported to our emergency room in semicomatose state with a body temperature $26.5^{\circ}C$. The patient was warmed with active rewarming. After initial stabilization, the patient was taken for a brain computed tomography and found to have large fronto-temporo-parietal[FTP] subdural hemorrhage. The patient underwent an emergent decompressive craniectomy and hematoma evacuation. After surgery, he recovered to drowsy mentation and vital signs were stable.

• Journal of Sasang Constitutional Medicine
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• v.23 no.4
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• pp.429-444
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• 2011

1. Objective This study is aimed to present the effective classification of Soeumin symptomatology and the standardized signs for classification which can be applied for KCD, ICD and the insurance codification system. 2. Methods 1) Differentiate Soeumin symptomatology based on exterior-interior patterns, favorable-unfavorable patterns, and mild-severe-dangerous-urgent patterns. 2) Investigate the standard signs and symptoms to claasify Soeumin symptomatology based on exterior-interior patterns, favorable-unfavorable patterns, and mild-severe-dangerous-urgent patterns. 3. Results and Conclusions 1) The diagnosis criteria for Soeumin exterior-interior disease is based upon signs & symptoms of cold/heat, condition of stool, state of digestive system(such as digestion and appetite)among others. 2) The diagnosis criteria for Soeumin favorable-unfavorable disease is generally based upon whether the vital force of the spleen is damaged or not. More specifically, for the exterior disease, whether or not sweating is present. For the interior disease, whether or not dry mouth, body ache(a main symptom of the exterior state), and anxiousness are present. 3) For the Soeumin Wool-gwang disease, the diagnosis criteria of mild-severe disease is whether or not chills is present and the degree of body fever. 4) For Soeumin Mang-yang disease, the diagnosis criteria of dangerous-urgent disease is whether or not chills is, the degree of sweating and urine condition. 5) For the Soeumin Greater-Yin disease, Abdominal-pain bowel irritability pattern and Epigastric discomfort pattern are early state signs, Jaundice pattern is mild-state sign, edema & Greater-Yang disease Yin-toxin pattern are terminal state signs. 6) For the Soeumin interior disease, Abdominal-pain bowel irritability pattern and Epigastric discomfort pattern are of the dangerous state pattern, Jang-gual and Exuberant-Yin-repelling-Yang pattern are of the urgent state patterns.

• Horticultural Science & Technology
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• v.29 no.6
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• pp.561-567
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• 2011

Cold tolerance of the native Rhododendron species which are on the verge of extinction in Korean nature were compared with the introduced species and its mechanism were studied physiologically with the investigation of the leaf angle, leaf curling, and photosynthetic activity. The degree of cold tolerance measured with the leaf burning after winter season was higher in the native species, Rhododendron brachycarpum and Rhododendron brachycarpum var. roseum than all the introduced species. 'Nova Zembla', an introduced species, showed high sensitivity to the low temperature. Changes in leaf angle by the low temperature were bigger in 2 native species and 'Parker's Pink' than the other introduced species and small comparatively in 'Nova Zembla' and 'Cunningham's White' cultivar. Leaf curling also occurred strongly in 2 native species by the low temperature. While, it was comparatively little and mild in the other introduced species. Therefore these results suggested that the leaf movement such as leaf angle change and curling adapted to the low temperature is positively related to the cold tolerance of 2 native species. By the way, such relationship is not explainable in the cold-sensitive 'Parker's Pink' cultivar showing comparatively stronger leaf movement. Photosynthetic activity measured before the winter season was high in the cold-tolerant R. brachycarpum and its recovery after winter season was faster in the 2 native species and the introduced 'Cynosure' cultivar than the other introduced species. They were the lowest in the most cold-sensitive 'Nova Zembla'. This phenomena occurred similarly even in the stomatal conductivity, suggesting that the movement of water from the roots to the leaves is better and then the leaf burning after winter season become small in the cold-tolerant species. The recovery of photosynthetic activity and stomatal conductivity was comparatively slower in the cold-sensitive 'Parker's Pink'. From the above results, leaf behavior adapted to the low temperature during the winter season and water movement to the leaves are related collectively to the cold tolerance represented as the leaf burning in the Rhododendron species is suggested.