• 대한소아치과학회지
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• 제28권1호
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• pp.95-105
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• 2001

두개저의 길이와 폭경 그리고 굴곡의 정도는 그 하부 구조물인 상악골을 포함한 비상악복합체 및 하악골의 길이와 폭경 그리고 전후방적 위치를 결정짓는 중요한 요인으로 역할하며, 이에 따른 안면골의 다양한 구조물들 간의 구조적 관계는 각기 다른유형의 부정교합관계를 형성하는 것으로 알려져 있다. 측두방사선 계측학에서 두개저의 열리고 닫힘을 표현하는 계측치로 흔히 사용되는 안장각(N-S-Ba, N-S-Ar) 또는 중두개저각$({\angle}MCF)$ 등과 I급과 III급 부정교합을 보이는 어린이들의 안면골 계측치 간의 구조적 관계를 평가하여 두개저의 굴곡정도가 안면골을 구정하는 각 구조물과 부정교합 유형과의 관계를 구명하고자 하였다. 이를 위하여 $7\sim12$세 사이의 I급과 III급 부정교합을 보이는 어린이의 측두 규격방사선사진(208매)을 계측하여 통계적으로 비교, 평가한 결과, 안장각보다는 중두개저각이 안면골의 구조과 부정교합의 유형과 밀접한 관계를 지니고 있으며, 특히 III금 부정교합 어린이의 중두개저각과 안면골의 각 구조물들은 $9\sim11$세 사이에 뚜렷한 변화를 나타내는 것으로 가늠된다.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• 제60권4호
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• pp.464-468
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• 2006

폐종괴로 발현하는 M. kansasii 감염은 흔하지 않으며 기관지 탄분섬유화증을 동반한 M. kansasii 폐감염에 대한 보고는 아직 없었다. 기저질환 없이 면역력이 정상인 비흡연자에서 우하엽의 폐종괴로 발현하고 기관지 탄분섬유화증을 동반한 M. kansasii 폐감염에 대하여 표준 치료로 호전되고 있는 증례를 경험하였기에 보고하는 바이다.

• 한국콘텐츠학회논문지
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• 제14권10호
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• pp.198-209
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• 2014

당뇨병은 유병률과 합병증으로 인한 사망률이 지속적으로 증가하는 질병이다. 본 연구는 성인의 당뇨병 유병률 영향요인을 확인함으로써 당뇨병 유병률의 감소를 위한 중재전략 개발의 기초자료를 제공하고자 시도되었다. 연구대상자는 19세 이상 성인으로 2012년 국민건강영양조사 원시자료를 활용하여 분석하였으며, 5995명의 자료가 분석에 사용되었다. 수집된 자료는 SPSS 18.0 프로그램의 복합표본 분석 모듈을 사용하여 가중치를 부여한 후 분석하였다. 연구결과 19세 이상 성인의 당뇨병 유병률은 10.5%였고, 당뇨병 유병 오즈비는 학력에서 대졸 이상에 비해 중졸은 2.51배, 주관적 건강상태가 매우 좋은 경우에 비해 매우 나쁜 경우 4.77배, 비만인 경우 1.44배, 고혈압을 진단받은 경우 2.57배, 고지혈증을 진단받은 경우 2.63배, 체중조절을 하지 않는 경우 1.31배, 식이요법을 하는 경우 2.75배로 높았다. 본 연구는 당뇨병 유병률을 예측하는 변수로 교육수준, 주관적 건강상태, 비만 유병 여부, 고혈압 의사진단 여부, 고지혈증 의사진단 여부, 체중조절 여부, 식이요법 여부를 밝힘으로써 당뇨병 유병률을 감소시키기 위한 간호중재와 연구방향을 제시하였다.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• 제39권6호
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• pp.505-510
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• 2006

Objectives : The purpose of this study is to evaluate the association of the angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) insertion/deletion (I/D) polymorphism with cardiovascular disease risk factors. Methods : Out of a total of 608 middle-aged adults who visited local health centers, 424 subjects (104 male, 320 female) who had not been diagnosed with hypertension, diabetes mellitus, or hyperlipidemia were included in this study. ACE genotypes were determined in all subjects by polymerase chain reaction methods. Results : Statistical differences in high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol levels according to ACE genotype were observed using ANOVA (p<0.05), but no differences were found in other cardiovascular risk factors. Specifically, men with the DD and DI genotypes had significantly lower HDL cholesterol levels than those with the 11 genotype based on the LSD multi-comparison test (p<0.05). Conclusions : In men, the D-allele of the ACE I/D polymorphism was significantly associated with reduced HDL cholesterol levels. In the future, larger studies are needed to confirm this relationship between ACE I/D polymorphism and HDL cholesterol.

• 모자간호학회지
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• 제2권1호
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• pp.70-86
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• 1992

What is the meaning of menopause experienced by urban Korean women? Nurses need an under standing of menopause as it is experienced by women themselves. Nursing needs to build knowledge of womens' health experiences. This phenomenological study examined what menopause means to modern Korean woman to build a structure of knowledge useful for practice to enhance the quality of life of women throughout this experience. Traditional definition of menopause according to physiological changes, as illness and more recently as psychosociocultural phenomena were examined along with the folk lore information generally available in the society A review of the research and scientific literature was done from the perspectives of four models including the medical model of menopause as disease, the psychosocial model as positive and negative behavioral responses to menopause, a feminist model of menopause as a time of rebirth and a nursing model of the changing patterns of meaning, rythms and transformation women experience through menopause. Van Kaam's method was used to analyse data audio-recorded during interviews by the investigator with 65 women, 40 to 60 years of agey whose confidentility was assured. Interpretation of the data was enhanced luther by consultation with professional colleugues and with informants. Four rhythmical patterns of process emerged : from suffering to comfort, from oppression to freedom from being a good wife and wise mother to becoming a woman and from a hard life to an abundant life. The detailed common elements making up each of the four patterns and definitions of each pattern were presented. Each pattern was discussed critically from the point of view of medical, psychosociocultural, womens' and nursing models. The structural definition of the synthesis of the four process patterns was stated as : in spite of suffering the middle-aged urban Korean woman find she is able to help herself to feel comfortable and to realize release as she moves from oppression to liberation and freedom from being a good wife and wise mother she experiences rebirth as a woman : she begins to live a profitable and valuable life : her life becomes one of transformed abundant living. The definition transcends the medical and phychosociocultural model to embody a nursing model. The analysis was critiqued by using Parse' Human Becomming theory of nursing because the emerging themes were process patterns. Parse' theory provides and explanation of the experience of menopause consistant with the data which enhances nursing understanding of womens' experience of menopause. Parse' practice methodology provide guidance for promoting womens' quality of life throughout the experience of menopause. Feminist analysis contributes valuable critique to nursing research, richly expanding the perspective from traditional approaches to promote understanding of the meaning of womens' health experiences.

• 여성건강간호학회지
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• 제4권2호
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• pp.187-202
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• 1998

This study was carried out to identify the difference between educational needs and levels of satisfaction of primigravida during the antepartum period. The goal of the study was to obtain data needed to develope educational programs and to improve the nursing quality for antepartal clients. The subjects were 106 primigravida who attend antenatal clinic at 3 general hospitals in the Seoul area. The data was gathered using a questionnaire which, consist of 71 items, was developed by the researcher from May 4 to June 3, 1998. Results found are as follows : 1. The characteristics of subjects : The majority of subjects were aged 25-29 years(73.6%), college graduates(61.3%), jobless(68.9%), had no religion(38.7%), attended antenatal clinic regularly(91.5%), duration of pregnancy was 38-39 weeks(49.06%), pregnancy was planned(67%), and 42.5% have had some sort of prenatal education. 2. Over all level of educational needs was relatively high(Mn. 3.97) but the level of satisfaction was of average level(Mn. 3.01). Therefore, differences between the level of educational needs and satisfaction was significant(P=.0001). 3. The educational needs by category, the highest need was on birth preparation(Mn. 4.18), self care of the mother and infant care(Mn 4.10), health maintenance and promotion(Mn. 3.79), the lowest was care of discomfort(Mn 3.66). The level of satisfaction was higher on postpartum self care(Mn 3.15), but the lowest was infant care(Mn 2.84). Differences between educational needs and satisfaction by categories was significant(P=.0001). 4. Relationship between educational needs and levels of satisfaction among primigravida of different characteristics were as follows : 1) Educational needs of minor discomforts area were significantly high among age of 25-29(P=.0108), and over 35 years of age, was satisfied on preparation of labor & delivery, postpartum self care (P=.036, .02). 2) With regard to different level of education, middle school graduates had higher educational needs on discomfort care and postpartum self care(P=.0014, .014). College graduates have had higher educational needs on health maintenance(P=.008) and were more satisfied on preparation of birth(P=.0025) 3) With regard to whether pregnancy was planned or not, no difference was found on educational needs. But the levels of satisfaction was significantly higher in the group of planned pregnancy(discomfort care P=.0454, birth preparation P=.0256, postpartum self care P=.0092). 4) with regard to antenatal education, those who have had some sort of antenatal education, educational needs on birth preparation(P=.0345) was significantly high. And also the levels of satisfaction were significantly higher on every category(P=.0004-.0001). 5) No difference was found on educational needs or level of satisfaction by Job, religions, regularity of antenatal care and complication of pregnancy.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제16권17호
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• pp.7981-7986
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• 2015

Background: As coverage of public insurance is not sufficient to cover diagnosis or treatment of cancer, having private health insurance is important to prepare for unexpected expenses of cancer. The purpose of this study was to assess factors associated with having private cancer insurance, considering gender among the socio-demographic factors and health behavior. Materials and Methods: We used data from the 2011 Korea Health Panel, which included 10,871 participants aged 20 years and older. Socio-demographics, health behavior, and perceived cancer risk were the independent variables and having private cancer insurance was the dependent variable. Multivariable logistic regression analysis was used to identify factors associated with having private cancer insurance. Results: The variables relating to middle age, higher education, higher household income, married men, and the perceived cancer risk groups of 1-10% and 11-30% were significantly associated with having private cancer insurance. Additionally, females who had private non-cancer health insurance were positively associated with the dependent variables (OR=1.36; 95% CI=1.17-1.57). Education, smoking status, exercise, and perceived cancer risk possibility were significantly associated with having private cancer insurance only among women. The men lowered the overall percentages of those having private cancer insurance (OR=0.53, 95% CI=0.45-0.63). Conclusions: We found that there were significant differences between men and women who had private cancer insurance. Women with private cancer insurance are more likely to follow precautionary health behavior than men. This could be interpreted as resulting from masculine ideologies. It is important to make males recognize the seriousness of the cancer risk. In general, household income was highly associated with private cancer insurance. These results reveal an inequity among the buyers of private cancer insurance in terms of economic status level, education level, and health condition.

• 한국가정과학회지
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• 제7권3호
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• pp.35-48
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• 2004

In this study, by determining lower limb movements which cause significant changes in body surface lines, body parts with the greatest maximum expansion and contraction rate respectively were illustrated in descending order. Using unmarried female university students aged 18 - 24 as subjects, a total of 32 body surface categories (15 body surface lines and 17 body surface segment lines) were measured in one static and 9 movement poses. In particular, expansion and contraction levels and rates were measured and used in the analysis. The analysis first involved the calculation of the average measurement per body part in body surface line in static pose as well as of the average expansion and contraction levels and rates in 9 lower limb movements. Two-way MANOVA and multiple comparison analysis (Tukey) were conducted on movements and individual somatotypes regarding measurement per body part and expansion and contraction rates. Movements which cause measurements of body surface lines differed significantly in body surface line in static pose versus in movement were then identified. Among average expansion and contraction rates in such movements, maximum average expansion and contraction levels, maximum average expansion and contraction rate, and classes of expansion and contraction rate were determined per body part. The results of this study are as follows. First, 5 lower limb movements; F2, F5, F6, F7, F8, which caused significant changes in body surface lines were determined and illustrated in table 4. Second, the levels, rates, and classes of expansion and contraction rate per body part are illustrated in Tables 5 and 6. Body parts with the greatest maximum expansion rate were, in descending order: upper segment of center back leg line, upper segment of inner leg line, middle segment of center front leg line, posterior crotch length, anterior knee girth, anterior thigh girth, center back leg line, girth at crotch height, anterior midway thigh girth, hip girth, anterior crotch length, knee girth, waist girth, inner leg line, thigh girth, and crotch length. Those with the greatest maximum contraction rate were, in descending order: anterior crotch length, upper segment of center front leg line, lower segment of center back leg line, center front leg line, and posterior thigh girth. The maximum expansion rates and maximum contraction rates, which ranged from 2.05 to $35.95\%$ and from -0.20 to $-30.16\%$ respectively, were classified per body part into 4 ABCD classes. The body part with maximum expansion was the upper segment of the center back leg line at vertical body surface line, expanding by $35.95\%$ or 16.03cm in F5 flexion movement. In contrast, the body part with maximum contraction was the anterior crotch length at vertical body surface line, contracting by $-30.16\%$ or -10.54cm in F5 flexion movement. Both, however, were the body parts to expand or contract the most among all horizontal and vertical body surface lines.

• 동아시아식생활학회지
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• 제5권1호
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• pp.41-51
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• 1995

Bone mass accretion during puberty appears to be critical in the development of peak bone mass. Although bone density of females in Korea has been studied, only a few studies have related bone mass with anthropometric patterns or puberty in the pubescent girls. This study was conducted as part of a study of major determinants of bone development during puberty. Subjects were aged 14∼16 yr(mean 14.97), and had no history of disorders or dedication use likely to influence bone or calcium metabolism. Bone mineral density and content were measured by dual energy X-ray absorptiometry using a Lunar DPX+Scanner (Lunar Madison, WI). Also, total body fat, and total lean body mass were assessed using a Lunar DPX dual-energy X-ray absorptiometer, Pubertal status was assessed according to the Marshall and Tanner guidelines. Serum levels of osteocalcin was measured by RIA using a commercial kit assay. Skinfold measurements were taken with a skinfold caliper(Lange Caliper, USA). Data were analyzed using the regression and GLM procedure of the statistical package SAS. The results indicated that the observed means for lumbar spine BMD and femoral BMD correspond to approximately 91% and 96% of the means for young adult females, respec tively. All subjects were menarchal, with the majority being in the middle to end stages of pubertal development. Total body BMD was positively related to fat mass(P<0.001), lean body mass and time since menarche, and negatively related to urine pyridinoline, serum alkaline phosphatase and osteocalcin. The data indicate that girls who reported lower age for menarche had significantly higher bone densities than girls who reported higher age for menarche. Attaining peak skeletal bone mass during puberty may reduce the incidence of osteoporosis in later life. this finding suggests that early menarche may augment peak bone mass, influencing the extent of bone loss later in adulthood. The results suggest that good nutrition in childhood appears to be needed not for growth and development, but possibly also to assure an optimal peak of bone mass and thus greater latitude for the maintenance or skeletal integrity in the face of bone losses. Troeps skinfold thickness was a better predictor of total BMD and total BMC than was any other skinfold thickness. The study did not find a relationship between total BMD and body fat %, but total fat was significantly positively related to total BMD(r=0.49) and total BMC(r=0.60). It supports earlier report that there was a significant correlation between TBMD and body weight. Conclusively, total fat, lean body mass and pubertal development could influence BMD in pubescent girls. Clearly, longitudinal studies are required to assess the effect of puberty on peak bone mass, and to define further the potential determinants of peak bone mass.

• 한국인구학
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• 제23권2호
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• pp.113-141
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• 2000

21세기는 정보통신기술의 급속한 발전, 정보화 사회의 도래 등으로 지식의 창출과 확산 및 활용속도가 크게 증가될 것이다. 본 논문은 이 같은 변화 상황에서 노동수요와 공급이 어떻게 변화할 것인지를 전망하고 정책적 함의를 제시하고 있다. 향후 노동력 공급에 있어서는 생산가능인구의 증가세가 둔화되고, 베이비 붐 세대의 장노년화와 고령화 사회 도래, 인구의 고학력화, 여성 노동력의 급증 등이 예상된다. 이 같은 변화는 기업내의 직급구조나 고용관행의 변화, 심지어는 임금체계의 변화등을 수반하게 될 것이다. 노동력 수요에 있어서도 우리 경제에서 지식집약 산업의 비중이 커지고 고용 역시 지식 집약 산업에서의 비중이 커질 것으로 전망된다. 또한 고기술 산업 및 고학력 직종 등의 수요가 크게 늘어날 전망이다. 이에 따라 전문기술 직종이 증가하고 정보통신 인력, 여성인력 등의 수요도 크게 늘어날 전망이다. 그러나 한편으로는 변화하는 사회에서 필요로 하는 기술과 기능을 갖추지 못한 근로자는 실업의 위기에 직면하게 되고 소득분배 역시 악화될 가능성이 있다. 이러한 문제를 해결하기 위해서는 근로자들이 변화하는 환경에 적응하기 위한 평생학습사회의 구축이 필요하다.