• Title/Summary/Keyword: middle ear

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Experimental Study of Hwangginaetak-san on Anti-inflammatory Effect (黃기內托散의 소염 작용에 관한 실험적 연구)

  • Hong, Sung-Jin;Sim, Seug-Yong;Kim, Kyung-Jun
    • The Journal of Korean Medicine Ophthalmology and Otolaryngology and Dermatology
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    • v.17 no.2
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    • pp.1-11
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    • 2004
  • Objective: Chronic otitis media is an inflammation and infection of the middle ear which is persistent. Chronic otitis media occurs when the eustachian tube becomes blocked repeatedly, multiple infections, ear trauma, or swelling of the adenoids. A chronic ear may be the result of an acute ear infection that does not clear completely, or the result of recurrent ear infections. A chronic ear infection may be more destructive than an acute ear infection because its effects are prolonged, and it may cause permanent damage to the ear. Methods : Experimental animals made use of 4-5 weeks age(weight 20-25g) ICR(male)mouse. In the breeding farm, the lighting time was controlled from 7:00 am until 7:00 pm, the temperature was controlled within $22{\pm}0.5{\circ}$ and water and food were not limited. The extracts which were extracted from Hwangginaetak-san devided low dose group( 1.0g/kg-HN) and high dose group(3.0g/kg-HN), they were intragastrically administered to the mouse of sample A and sample B prior to LPS I.P injection. Compared with inflammation induced group which were induced by LPS, we measured the WBC count, IL-6 level in plasma and TNF-${\alpha}$ level in plasma. Results: 1. Hwangginaetak-san decreased WBC count in inflammatory reaction induced by LPS 2. Hwangginaetak-san decreased IL-6 level in inflammatory reaction induced by LPS. 3. Hwangginaetak-san didn't decreased TNF-${\alpha}$ level in inflammatory reaction induced by LPS Conclusion: According to above results, Hwangginaetak-san was improved its suppression effect to the inflammatory reaction through WBC count and IL-6 level. So Hwangginaetak-san is considered to be used for treatment of chronic otitis media by controlling the WBC count and IL-6 level in plasma.

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Morphological Classification of the Korean Local Corn Lines (재래종(在來種) 옥수수의 형태적(形態的) 특성(特性)에 의(依)한 분류(分類))

  • Kwon, Kyeong Hak;Choe, Bong Ho
    • Korean Journal of Agricultural Science
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    • v.13 no.1
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    • pp.1-16
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    • 1986
  • This experiment was carried out to obtain genetic information for future corn breeding. The materials used for the study were obtained from the nationwide collection of Korean local corn lines. A total of 262 lines were used for the study of morphological characters and for the classification of lines. Results obtained are summarized as follows; 1. The days to flowering of lines ranged from 57 days to 87 days. Most lines had an average of 67 days of flowering days. 2. The number of tillers of lines showed a lot of variation among lines with 49.2% of coefficient of variation. 3. The coefficients of variation computed based on the phenotypic observation or measurement of each line were 36.1%, 27.2%, 20.0%, 16.4% and 16.3% for kernel weight per ear, 100 kernel weight, ear height, plant height and ear length, respectively. 4. Ear height, ear length, ear diameter, tiller number and days to flowering were highly and positively correlation with the plant height. Kernel size, ear size, and plant height were highly correlated with 100 kernel weight and kernel weight per ear. 5. The 262 corn lines were possibly classified into four major groups by the Euclidean distance. Group I comprised 110 lines, group II 74 lines, group III 66 lines and group IV 12 lines, respectively. Group I was characterized as having early maturity, medium plant height large kernel size and large ear size. Group II had medium maturity, short plant height, medium kernel size and small ear size. Group III had medium maturity, medium plant height, large kernel size and medium ear size. Group IV had late maturity, long plant height, small kernel size, small ear size and many tillering. 6. The plant height showed significant difference between group I and II, II and III, and II and IV group. No statistical differences were observed between group III and IV. The ear size of group I was significantly different from those of group II, III and IV. Also difference of ear size between group II and III was significant. The kernel size, 100 kernel weight and kernel weight per ear were all significantly different among all groups classified. The row number was different between group I and II. The row number of lines in group IV was significantly different with group I, II, III respectively. The number of tillers and flowering days of lines in group IV were greatly different from those of group I, II and III. 7. The corn lines collected from northwest plain regions and middle hilly regions in Korea had medium maturity, medium plant height, large ear and large kernels. The corn lines from middle eastern hilly regions had medium size of ear kernels. The corn lines from middle southern hilly regions had late maturity, small kernel size and many tillers. The corn lines from southwest plain areas had late maturity, long plant height and many tillers.

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Implementation of Fitting Software for Fully Implantable Middle Ear Hearing Device (완전 이식형 인공중이용 적합 소프트웨어의 구현)

  • Lee, J.W.;Jung, E.S.;Lim, H.K.;Lee, J.H.;Seong, K.W.;Kim, M.N.;Cho, J.H.
    • Journal of rehabilitation welfare engineering & assistive technology
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    • v.3 no.1
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    • pp.21-25
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    • 2009
  • Generally, fully implantable middle ear hearing device (F-IMEHD) is implanted under the skin nearby human temporal bone with all components including implantable microphone and vibration transducer. The microphone and transducer have different characteristic before and after implant. Fitting process is performed for this characteristic change of them and proper performance of hearing aids for each patient. Conventional hearing aids and partially implantable hearing aids, they have wired connector for fitting process. However in case of F-IMEHD, it is difficult this wired connection, because all components of F-IMEHD is implanted. In this paper, fitting software that can be apply wireless fitting hardware for F-IMEHD has been designed and implemented. It can find out proper fitting parameter reflecting characteristics of the microphone and transducer for patients who has difficulty in hearing.

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Design of a Low Power Voice Signal Processing and Control Module using a $\mu$-controller for Totally Implantable Middle Ear system (마이크로컨트롤러를 이용한 완전 이식형 인공중이용 저전력 음성 신호처리 및 제어 모듈의 설계)

  • 강호경;정의성;임형규;박일용;윤영호;김민규;송병섭;조진호
    • Journal of the Institute of Electronics Engineers of Korea SC
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    • v.41 no.5
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    • pp.49-56
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    • 2004
  • A low power consuming voice signal processing and control module was designed using a small $\mu$-controller for use in a totally implantable middle ear system. The module was designed that it can control the implanted system as well as process the fitting algorithm of input sound signal. In ordinary operation mode, the $\mu$-controller processes the applied sound signal for compensating the hearing loss of the patients. When the control signal is applied from the IR receiving module, the $\mu$-controller interrupts the signal processing and executes the order of the control signals such as power on/off, volume up/down. The designed module was implemented and verified the performance of the system through several experiments.

Implementation of Wireless Charger with the Function of Auto-Shutdown for fully Implantable Middle Ear Hearing Devices (완전 이식형 인공중이를 위한 자동 충전종료형 무선 충전장치의 구현)

  • Lee, Jang-Woo;Lim, Hyung-Gyu;Jung, Eui-Sung;Han, Ji-Hun;Lee, Seung-Hyun;Park, Il-Yong;Cho, Jin-Ho
    • Journal of Biomedical Engineering Research
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    • v.28 no.4
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    • pp.539-548
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    • 2007
  • In the paper, a wireless charger with the function of auto-shutdown for fully implantale middle ear hearing devices (F-IMEHD) has been designed. The wireless charger can communicate with an implant module to be turned off automatically shutdown after an internal rechargeable battery has been fully-charged by electromagnetic coupling using two coils. For the communication with an implant module, the wireless charger uses the load shift keying (LSK) method. But, the variation of the mutual inductance due to the different distance between two coils can cause the communication error in receiving the fully-charged signal from an implant module. To solve the problem, the implemented wireless charger has a variable reference generator for LSK communication. The wireless charger generates proper level of the reference voltage for a comparator using an ADC (analog-to-digital converter) and a DAC (digital-to-analog converter). Through the result of experiment, it has been confirmed that the presented wireless charger can detect signals from implantable module. And wireless charger can stop generating electromagnetic flux after an implanted battery has been fully charged in spite of variable coil distance according to different skin thickness.

Experimental Study on the Pathogenesis of Otitis Media - Histopathological and Biochemical Characteristics of Middle Ear Mucosa Infected with Pseudomonas aeruginosa in Rats - (중이염의 병인에 관한 실험적 연구)

  • 김종선;조태권;강일태;노관택;최선진
    • Proceedings of the KOR-BRONCHOESO Conference
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    • 1982.05a
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    • pp.19-19
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    • 1982
  • Pathogenesis of otitis media was studied in an animal model of rats from a histopathological and biochemical point of view. Basic anatomical outline, and distribution and type of normal epithelial cells of the rat bulla were described as a background study. Pseudomonas otitis media was developed in rats by inoculating $10^{9}$ bacteria into the tympanic bulla. Histopathologic change of the mucoperiosteal layer showed acute stage of infection from 3 days to 3 weeks, and it became chronic after 4 weeks animals through 12 weeks. Enzyme profile in the extracts of the inflammatory middle ear tissue was studied. The levels of three enzymes, PZ-peptidase, LDH, and lysozyme were much higher in the middle ear tissue than in the corresponding sera as might be expected. Tissue/serum ratios of the enzyme activities were 13-38 for PZ-peptidase, 63-177 for LDH, and 18-94 for lysozyme. Possible role of the PZ-peptidase and possible origins of the three enzymes detected in the tissue were discussed.

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Design of Implantable Middle Ear Hearing Aids Using an Electromagnetic Transducer (전자 트랜스듀서 방식에 의한 청각보조용 이식형 인공중이 시스템 설계)

  • Cho, Jin-Ho;Song, Byung-Seop;Kim, Myoung-Nam;Won, Chul-Ho;Park, Se-Kwang;Lee, Sang-Heun
    • Journal of Sensor Science and Technology
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    • v.6 no.6
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    • pp.466-475
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    • 1997
  • In this paper, an implantable middle ear hearing aids using an electromagnetic transducer which consists of a tiny coil and a magnet is designed, and objective design method to implement a vibrator of the electromagnetic type transducer is proposed. Sound characteristic of the electromagnetic type vibrator is excellent but power transfer rate is lower than that of a ceramic type. To improve power transfer efficiency of system, external and inner part of a middle ear system is designed using FM transmission method. We implemented an experimental set of the designed transducer, inner part, and outer part. Then, we measured vibration characteristics of a metal strip and a temporal bone of a dead body. As the results, we confirmed the advantage of FM method and showed that designed transducer could effectively transmit vibration of amplified input sound pressure to ossicle.

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Comparison of Agronomic Performance of Introduced Corn Hybrid for Silage Production I. Performance of hybrids in different regions (도입 사일리지용 옥수수의 생육특성 및 생산성 비교 I. 지역별 생육특성 및 생산성)

  • 김동암;조무환;권찬호;한건준;김종관
    • Journal of The Korean Society of Grassland and Forage Science
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    • v.12 no.3
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    • pp.161-172
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    • 1992
  • The agronomic performance of four introduced corn(Zea mays L.) hybrids and a domestic hybrid Suwon 19(control) was compared for silage production in the Middle Northwestern Coast(MNWC). Middle Southwestern Coast(MSWC) and Middle Northern Inland(MN1) regions of Korea, 1988 to 19 90. In the MNWC region, DK713 and P3144W were recorded as more resistant corn hybrids to rice black streaked dwarf virus(RBSDV) than other hybrids. P3144W, P3352 and DK689 hybrids produced higher dry matter(DM) and total digestible nutrient(TDN) than the control hybrid Suwon 19 and DK 713. In the MSWC region, P3144W and DK689 tended to yield more DM and TDN than other hybrids and a severe infection of RBSDV was observed during 3 years of experiment. In the MNI region, P3144W and P3352 corn hybrids showed higher ear and dry matter percentage and gave the highest DM and TDN yield compared with other hybrids. The RBSDV infection of the hybrids in the MNI region was moderate level compared with the two regions, but rate of stay green was the lowest. In the three regions, the control hybrid Suwon 19 gave the highest RBSDV infection, followed by P 3352, DK689, and P3144W, while DK713 was the lowest. P3144W and P3352 hybrids gave higher DM and ear percentages than all other hybrids at harvest. During 3 years of experiment, it was found that there were regional and year differences in RBSDV infection, forage DM yield, DM percentage and ear ratio to total DM yield of the corn hybrids.

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Design of pillow type contactless recharging device for totally implantable middle ear systems (완전 이식형 인공중이를 위한 베개형 비접촉 충전장치의 설계)

  • Lim, Hyung-Gyu;Kim, Jong-Min;Kim, Min-Kyu;Yoon, Young-Ho;Park, Il-Yong;Song, Byung-Seop;Cho, Jin-Ho
    • Journal of Sensor Science and Technology
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    • v.14 no.2
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    • pp.78-84
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    • 2005
  • A contactless recharging device for totally implantable middle ear systems has been designed as a pillow type that the user can recharge the implanted battery with taking a rest. The proposed device uses the electromagnetic coupling between the transmitting coil and the receiving coil. To supply sufficient power for the implanted circuits, each coil uses LC resonance and the implanted device uses voltage doubler. A power MOSFET is used for switching the DC voltage of LC parallel circuit and the switching frequency demands on a programmable frequency generator which is controlled by microcontroller. In order to improve the electromagnetic coupling efficiency at specific positions of coil which may vary with the displacement of head, the optimal location of receiving coil was studied, and the 5 transmitting coils in a pillow for recharging the implant module was designed. From such a recharging experiment, it was found that the proposed device could provide the sufficient operating voltage within the distance of 4 cm between pillow and the implanted device.