• 대한영양사협회학술지
• /
• 제15권2호
• /
• pp.152-167
• /
• 2009

The purpose of this study was to evaluate changes in the microbiological safety of food ingredients supplied to elementary school food services during processing. For this purpose, fifteen food ingredients and twelve factories were chosen in the provinces of Daegu and Gyeongbuk. Total plate counts and coliform counts were reduced in the ingredients after washing, but they increased after packing. After packing, the following levels of total plate counts and coliforms were detected, respectively: peeled bellflower roots ($1.2{\sim}3.6{\times}10^6$, $3.1{\sim}4.6{\times}10^5$ CFU/g), blanched vegetables ($5.6{\times}10^3{\sim}2.0{\times}10^5$, <5~$1.5{\times}10^4$ CFU/g), soybean curd (<5~$5.4{\times}10^3$, <5~$2.2{\times}10^3$ CFU/g), buckwheat starch jelly (<5, <5 CFU/g), soybean sprouts ($1.2{\times}10^6{\sim}1.8{\times}10^7$, $2.4{\times}10^5{\sim}4.3{\times}10^6$ CFU/g), mackerel ($2.2{\times}10^2$, $1.3{\times}10^2$ CFU/g), chicken ($3.8{\times}10^4$, $6.7{\times}10^2$ CFU/g), pork ($6.7{\times}10^2$, <5 CFU/g), and beef ($9.4{\times}10^2{\sim}5.2{\times}10^4$, <5~$2.1{\times}10^3$ CFU/g). Generally, the microbiological safety of the food ingredients was better during the processing stage than during the other stages, with the exception of packing. Staphylococcus aureus, E. coli, and Bacillus cereus were detected in small amounts on the peeled bellflower roots, chicken, and pork, respectively. These results indicate that peeled bellflower roots, chicken, and pork need to be sanitized at the washing stage and cross contamination must be prevented at the packing stage.

• 한국축산식품학회지
• /
• 제42권2호
• /
• pp.313-320
• /
• 2022

Brazil is considered as a great broiler feet exporter, especially for the Chinese trade. Contact lesions at the tibiotarsal region are responsible for economic losses and there is no model for its classification, thereby this study presents a fast and practical grade system to be used in the poultry industry and proposes these lesion characterizations into three different grades. For this, correlation was made between macroscopic, histological findings and microbiological quantification (Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus spp., Streptococcus spp. and sulphite-reducing clostridia) from contact lesions in the tibiotarsal region of 112 broiler carcasses, divided in four groups (n=28), accordingly to the lesion's intensity. There were no significant differences in microbiological quantification among the groups (p>0.05) except for the grade 3 group, as grade 1 and 2 lesions were in the early stages and histopathological changes such as ulceration were not observed. In grade 3 lesion group, it was observed bacterial cocci grume and ulceration at the articular region and significantly higher microbiological count (p<0.05) for E. coli and Staphylococcus spp. In conclusion, the visual standard proposed in this work, correlated and confirmed by the histopathologic, and microbiologic characterization, allows to precise and fast ascertainment of the contact lesion grade in the tibiotarsal regions of broiler carcasses. Moreover, it should be highlighted that grades 1 and 2 alterations are not caused by an inflammatory process caused by pathogenic agents and should not be considered a public health risk.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
• /
• 제26권5호
• /
• pp.800-806
• /
• 1997

Effect of temperature on Kakdugi during fermentation was investigated by measuring sensory, physicochemical and microbiological, properties up to 57 days. The diced(2.5$\times$2.5$\times$2.5cm) Chinese radishes(Ra-phanus sativus L.) with other ingredients were fermented under the different temperatures. Kakdugi were stored at 4$^{\circ}C$ after keeping at 2$0^{\circ}C$ for 12 hours(treatment E) from initial fermentation to the end at each temperature on preparation. The pH was decreased to the range of 4.14~4.29 in the initial of pH 5.8, and total acidity was increased 2~4 times more than that of in the initial period (0.24%). And the changes of treatment A, B, and C were nearly constant up to 57 days in the range of 0.80~0.88% (pH 4.1). The changes of vitamin C showed sigmoidal curve, increasing significantly in the palatable period after decreasing gradually in the initial period. The content of vitamin C in treatment E was rapidly decreased, but that of treatment C was kept high content up to 57days. the number of lactic acid bacteria was remarkably increased in palatable period and was gradually decreased thereafter. The scores of aroma, taste, overall acceptability in sensory evaluation during the fermentation was high in order of treatment E, C, D, B and A. The scores of sensory evaluation treatment D and E during fermentation was rapidly decreased, however, treatment A, B and C were maintained. Changes of lactic acid bacteria, and sensory properties, among treatment A, B and C which kept a good quality up to 57 days, had high scores of sensory evaluation, abundant vitamin C in the palatable period. The result showed that Kakdugi fermented at 4$^{\circ}C$ after keeping at 2$0^{\circ}C$ for 36 hours had better taste and quality than those of other treatments.

• 대한치과의료관리학회지
• /
• 제6권1호
• /
• pp.1-10
• /
• 2018

Prior to the end of the 20th century, microorganism research was limited to culture and has since been revolutionized by genetic analysis. Microorganisms, including bacteria, can cause disease, but most of them are commensal microorganisms in our bodies. This knowledge changes the pathological approach to infectious diseases and lends to a new perspective on the effects of gut and oral microorganisms on disease and health. The oral cavity, particularly the periodontal pocket, is considered to be a reservoir of microbes that cause disease, and oral microbial control is becoming more important. In this review, I will examine the changes in the microbiological revolution and the meaning of oral healthcare management based on those changes.

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
• /
• 제32권4호
• /
• pp.37-45
• /
• 2015

Objectives : The main aim of this study is to evaluate changes in the microbiological safety of pharmacopuncture exposed to room temperature for an elapsed period of time. Methods : The four most frequently used pharmacopuncture products were stored in syringes at room temperature at three different hospitals for 24 hours and 48 hours respectively, and they were compared with pharmacopuncture products stored in vials through a sterility and microbial limited test. Results : Storage forms and duration of exposure to room temperature did not show significant difference in bacterial or fungal contamination, which was confirmed by the sterility and microbial limited test. Conclusions : Pharmacopuncture products stored in syringes at room temperature for 24 hours and 48 hours demonstrated their safety in terms of lack of microbiological contamination.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
• /
• 제33권10호
• /
• pp.1653-1660
• /
• 2004

부산시내 초등학교 5곳을 방문하여 현 급식소에서 보유하고 있는 급식시설$.$설비에 대한HACCP 적용시 중점관리점을 파악하기 위하여 위생평가를 실시하였다. 학교 급식 시설$.$설비는 학교급식소에서 사용하고 있는 천장, 벽, 바닥, 트렌치, 그리스 트랩, 후드, 방충망, 덤웨이터 등 총 8곳으로 분류하여 총균수, 대장균군수 측정을 통해 위생상태를 확인하였다. 급식시설$.$설비 표면의 위생상태를 검사한 결과 천장, 벽을 제외한 나머지에서 $10^4$∼$10^{6}$ CFU/100 $\textrm{cm}^2$의 세균이 검출되어 여전히 학교급식소의 위생수준이 낮은 것으로 파악되었고 특히, 그리스 트랩의 경우가 가장 위생상태가 불량한 것으로 나타났다. 대장균군수의 경우는 천장을 제외한 나머지 장소에서 $10^2$∼$10^4$ CFU/100 $\textrm{cm}^2$의 세균이 검출되었고 그리스 트랩에서 가장 높은 수의 세균과 대장균이 발견되어 특별히 관리 해야 되는 부분으로 확인되었다. 또한 학교급식 시설$.$설비의 하절기 및 동절기의 위생상태를 알아보고 중점 관리 점을 제시하기 위하여 급식 후 세 척 및 소독을 실시한 다음 시간 및 요일의 경과에 따른 오염도를 측정한 결과, 하절기에는 매일 소독을 실시해야 하는 바닥, 트렌치, 그리스 트랩, 덤웨이터의 경우는 급식 전에 소독을 실시한 후 급식을 시작해야 하는 것으로 나타났고, 주 1회 소독을 실시 하는 벽, 후드, 방충망은 주 3회 이상으로 소독횟수를 늘려 실시해야 하는 것으로 나타났다. 동절기에는 바닥, 트렌치, 덤웨이터의 경우는 현재와 마찬가지로 급식 후에 소독을 실시하여야 하는 것으로 나타났고 그리스 트랩의 경우는 급식 전에 실시한 후 급식을 시작해야 하는 것으로 나타났다. 벽, 후드, 방충망은 주 2회 이상으로 소독횟수를 늘려 실시해야 하는 것으로 나타났다.

• 농업과학연구
• /
• 제14권2호
• /
• pp.301-308
• /
• 1987

국산우유(國産牛乳)의 적정(適正) 살균조건(殺菌條件)을 구명(究明)하고자 $50^{\circ}C$로부터 $70^{\circ}C$까지 $5^{\circ}C$ 간격으로 가열처리(加熱處理)하고 처리유(處理乳)의 화학적조성(化學的組成) 및 미생물학적(薇生物學的) 성상(性狀) 변화(變化)를 확인함과 동시(同時)에 처리유(處理乳)의 보존성(保存性)을 시험(試驗)한 결과(結果) 다음과 같다. 1. $50^{\circ}C{\sim}70^{\circ}C$의 가열처리(加熱處理)에 의하여 우유(牛乳)의 pH 6.55로부터 6.42로 감소(減少)하였으며, 단백질(蛋白質), 지방(脂肪), 유당(乳糖) 및 회분(灰分)은 함량(含量)이 별로 변화(變化)하지 않았다. 2. 가열온도(加熱溫度)의 상승(上昇)에 따라 비(非) casein 태질소(態窒素) 및 여과성질소량(濾過性窒素量)은 감소(減少)하였으며 casein 태질소(態窒素)와 비단백태질소(非蛋白態窒素)는 증가(增加)하였다. 3. 가열온도(加熱溫度)의 상승(上昇)에 따라 우유중(牛乳中)의 Calcium 및 Vitamin C는 감소(減少)하였으며 가열처리유(加熱處理乳)의 인공소화율(人工逍化率)은 처리전(處理前)의 14.07%로부터 20.00%로 증가(增加)하였다. 4. $65^{\circ}C$의 가열살균(加熱殺菌)에 의하여 생균수(生菌數)는 $1.3{\times}10^4/m{\ell}$, 대장균수(大腸菌數)는 음성(陰性), 호냉성균수(好冷性菌數)는 $9.5{\times}10^2/m{\ell}$를 나타냈으며 99%의 살균율(殺菌率)을 표시(表示)하였다. 5. $65^{\circ}C$에서 가열살균(加熱殺菌)한 처리유(處理乳)는 $4^{\circ}C$의 냉장보존(冷藏保存)에서 화학적조성(化學的組成) 성상(性狀)의 변화(變化)가 적었다.

• 한국축산식품학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 한국축산식품학회 2003년도 제31차 춘계 학술대회
• /
• pp.148-148
• /
• 2003

• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
• /
• 제20권1호
• /
• pp.147.2-147.2
• /
• 1990

• 미생물학회지
• /
• 제7권2호
• /
• pp.63-85
• /
• 1969

This study was carried out in order to obtain clear knowledge about the effects of Aspsulphueus which is parasitic on the bean paste ball, meju, made to brew soy sauce and bean paste for domestic uses in the general silkworm rearing farmhouseholds in Korea. The major research carried by the author during the past five years (1965-58) includes, 1) the cause of disease, 2) symptoms, 3) morphological and chemical changes of the larval body tissues and 4) methods to prevent the contagion of the disease.