• 한국식품저장유통학회지
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• 제22권3호
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• pp.303-313
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• 2015

본 연구는 계절별 절임배추의 품질 균일화를 위한 기초자료를 제공할 목적으로 저온 저장 중 물리화학적, 미생물학적 및 관능적 품질 특성 조사하였다. 전반적으로 계절별(봄배추, 여름배추, 가을배추 및 월동배추) 절임배추의 제조 직후 pH는 저장 초기 계절별 시료 간 차이를 보이다가 저장 후반에는 시료 간 차이가 없었다. 적정산도는 가을 절임배추가 비교적 낮은 산도를 보였고, 가용성 고형분 함량은 월동배추가 비교적 높은 함량을 보였으며, 미생물 균수는 여름배추가 가장 높은 균수를 보였다. 관능검사의 경우 계절별 절임배추의 외관의 변화 냄새와 맛 특성 변화도 계절별 시료에 따라 차이가 있었고, 관능적 품질 특성 항목간의 상관관계 분석결과 유의적으로 양 또는 음의 상관성을 보이는 품질 특성이 많아서 절임배추 저장 중에 한 개의 품질특성만 변화하는 것이 아니라 여러 가지 특성이 함께 변화한다는 것을 확인할 수 있었다. 한편 계절별 절임배추 전반적인 품질 특성의 주성분 분석 결과 첫 번째 주성분(F1)과 두 번째 주성분(F2)는 전체 데이터의 51.98%와 14.23%의 설명력을 보여 주었고, 총설명력은 66.21%였다. 계절별로 월동배추는 F1상의 위쪽, 봄배추는 중간, 나머지 시료는 F2상의 아래쪽에 분포하였고, 저장기간에 따라서는 F1상의 왼쪽에 저장 일수가 적은 절임배추 시료가 오른쪽에는 저장 일수가 많은 시료가 위치하였다. 본 연구 결과 계절별 절임배추의 품질 특성이 제조 직후부터 저장 중에도 계속 시료 간 품질 차이가 뚜렷하게 있음을 확인하였다. 그러므로 품질이 균일화된 절임배추를 연중 소비자에게 제공하기 위해서 계절별 절임배추의 품질 특성과 저장 중의 차이를 고려하여 고품질의 절임배추 제조와 품질을 유지할 수 있는 연구 및 계절별 저장 절임배추를 이용한 김치 제조 연구가 지속되어야 한다고 판단된다.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제16권4호
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• pp.588-595
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• 2003

The optimum level of fresh granulated low-calcium (0.2%) skim milk co-precipitate, as fat substitute in low-fat ground pork patties was determined on the basis of physico-chemical, cooking and sensory properties. Low-fat ground pork patties (<10% total fat), formulated with 15 per cent water, 4 per cent added fat, 1.5 per cent salt and 4-10 per cent milk co-precipitate, were evaluated for proximate composition, cooking characteristics and compared with control patties with 15 % added fat. The moisture and protein content of raw and cooked low-fat patties were significantly (p<0.05) higher than control. The incorporation of milk co-precipitate in low-fat patties improved cooking yield, fat and moisture retention and reduced shrinkage. The sensory properties of low-fat patties were comparable with control patties. The overall acceptability of low-fat patties formulated with 7% milk co-precipitate was significantly (p<0.05) higher than patties with 10% level and non-significantly (p<0.05) higher than low-fat patties containing 4% milk co-precipitate and control. Instrumental Texture Profiles of developed low-fat patties and control patties were comparable with slight increases in hardness and gumminess of the low-fat product. The developed low-fat ground pork patties (7% milk co-precipitate) had lower TBA values, better microbiological and sensory refrigerated storage stability than high-fat control patties packaged in air permeable films for 21 days.

• 방사선산업학회지
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• 제10권4호
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• pp.205-210
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• 2016

This study was conducted to evaluate the combined effect of gamma irradiation and different conditions (vacuum packaging, antioxidant and freezing) on the microbiological and sensory characteristics of freeze dried Manila clam porridge (MCP) for immuno-compromised patient food. MCP can be sterilized at 1 kGy to 10 kGy. The initial counts of total aerobic bacteria and yeast molds in the non-irradiated MCP were $2.4{\pm}0.5$ and $1.2{\pm}0.3{\log}\;CFU\;g^{-1}$, respectively, but gamma irradiation significantly decreased the total aerobic bacteria to below the detection limit ($1{\log}\;CFU\;g^{-1}$) (5 kGy). Moreover, gamma irradiation effectively eliminated yeasts/molds at dose below than 1 kGy. However, gamma irradiation accelerated the increase of lipid oxidation and therefore, decreased the sensory characteristics of MCP as irradiation dose increased. To improve the sensory qualities of gamma irradiated MCP, combination treatment (vacuum packaging, 0.1% vitamin C) were applied. There was no significant difference in the overall acceptance scores between the combined-treatment sample (5.6 points) and the non-irradiated samples (6.0). The results indicate that combination treatment (vacuum packaging, 0.1% vitamin C) may help to maintain the quality of MCP. Therefore, it considered that irradiation of MCP with combined treatment and this is an effective method for the consumption as a special purpose food such as for space travel or immuno-compromised patients.

• 한국식품과학회지
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• 제34권1호
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• pp.79-84
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• 2002

숙성이 완료된 된장에 염도 4%의 청국장을 혼합하여 각각 염도 8%, 6%의 저염된장을 제조한 다음 0, 5, 10, 20 kGy의 감마선을 조사하여 상온에 보존하면서 보존 기간 중의 미생물 및 일반 품질 특성 변화를 살펴보았다. 미생물은 조사선량의 증가에 따라 유의적인 살균효과를 나타내어 Bacillus는 비조사구에 $10^9\;CFU/g$이던 것이 10 kGy에는 $10^5-10^6\;CFU/g$으로, 20 kGy에서는 $10^3 CFU/g$으로 감소하였고 보존기간 중 점차 증가하였다. 효모와 산생성 세균은 10 kGy 이상의 감마선 조사에 의하여 거의 제거되었으며 보존기간 중에도 검출되지 않았으나 비조사구 및 5 kGy 조사구에서는 증식하였다. pH, protease, 아미노태질소의 변화는 감마선 조사구가 비조사구에 비하여 안정적인 품질을 유지하였으나 6%-5 kGy 조사구는 보존 $6{\sim}8$주 후에 변패를 나타내었다. 시료의 관능평가 결과 8%-5kGy, 그리고 10 kGy의 감마선조사 시료에 대한 선호도가 높았으며 특히, 8%-5kGy의 시료는 시판 일반된장보다 높은 선호도를 보였다. 따라서 된장과 청국장을 혼합한 다음 감마선을 조사하여 관능 및 보존성이 우수한 저염된장을 제조하는데 필요한 적정 감마선 조사선량을 염도 6%에서는 10 kGy가, 염도 8%에서는 $5{\sim}10\;kGy$가 적합할 것으로 평가되었다.

• 농업생명과학연구
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• 제50권4호
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• pp.169-177
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• 2016

본 연구는 시중에 유통 중인 식육제품 중에서 유통기한이 임박한 다양한 육가공제품을 구입하여 미생물 및 위생적 품질을 비교 분석하였다. 총 20점(햄6점, 베이컨 3점, 소시지 11점) 시료에 대해 pH, 수분활성도(Aw), 지방산패도(TBARS), 단백질변패도(VBN), 총세균수(total aerobic counts), meat color 등의 분석을 실시하였다. 분석결과 pH는 최저 5.33에서 최대 6.59 범위를 나타내었고, Aw의 경우 0.90~0.93 범위를 보였다. TBARS는 0.11~0.59, VBN의 경우 2.37~14.75 수치를 나타내었다. 총세균수는 최대 2.80CFU/g 이하로 검출되어 매우 낮은 수준을 보였다. 육색의 측정 결과, 명도(L*)는 56-72, 적색도(a*)는 5.2-34, 황색도(b*)는 0.7-16범위를 나타내었다. 본 연구 결과 제조공정과 첨가물 차이에 따른 식육제품의 품질 특성에 차이들은 있었지만, 유통기한 내에 있는 제품의 품질 저하는 관찰되지 않았다. 따라서 시중에 유통 중인 육가공제품의 위생적, 미생물학적 안전성 평가의 결과로부터 유통기한이 매우 잘 적용되고 있는 것으로 평가되었다.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제19권10호
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• pp.1437-1449
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• 2006

Thirty six pre-weaned Barbari kids at 4 months age were reared on four rations computed using coarse cereal grains and by-products of pulses and oil seeds with Crude Protein (CP) and Total Digestible Nutrients (TDN) of 12 and 55% (Low protein Low energy); 12 and 60% (Low protein High energy); 14 and 55% (High protein Low energy); and 14 and 60% (High protein High energy), respectively. After 180 days on feed, male animals ($4{\times}5=20$) were slaughtered to study the effect of diet on carcass characteristics and meat quality. To asses the effect, if any, of such diet on product quality, meat balls were prepared and evaluated for quality changes when fresh as well as during storage ($-20{\pm}1^{\circ}C$). Feeding a ration with CP12 and TDN 60% (LH) to kids produced animals with highest slaughter weight (20.3 kg) yielding higher carcass weight and dressing percentage, lean (65.6%) and fat (6.6%) contents with low bone and trim losses. Although total variety meat yield was markedly higher in HL, the non-carcass fat deposition was relatively higher in LH carcasses. The water activity ($a_w$) of fresh goat meat ranged from 0.994-0.995 and total cholesterol 72.8-90.5 mg/100 g meat. The pH was high in HL and HH meat resulting in decreased ($p{\leq}0.05$) extract release volume (ERV). Meat balls were prepared using meat obtained from goats fed different rations (treatments) and stored at $-20{\pm}1^{\circ}C$. They were evaluated on day 0 and months 1, 2, 3, 4 for physicochemical, microbiological and organoleptic changes. Overall moisture (%), $a_w$, TBA number and pH value were 67.9, 0.987, 0.17, 6.6 respectively and were not affected by treatments except pH that was significantly ($p{\leq}0.01$) lower on LH. As the storage period advanced moisture, pH, $a_w$ and TBA number increased irrespective of treatments. Feeding various diets had no marked effect on microbial load of meat balls but with increasing storage period Standard Plate Count (SPC) and psychrotrophs declined ($p{\leq}0.01$). Treatment LL and LH produced meat balls with better flavour.

• 한국식품조리과학회지
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• 제25권3호
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• pp.297-305
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• 2009

This study aimed to determine the physicochemical, microbiological, and sensory qualityies of steamed chicken samples by prepared with combined additions of oregano-allspice and Ascorbic acid (OA/AA), and processed by a sous-vide cook - chill system. The hurdle effect of the OA/AA addition was examined in terms of microbial stability improvements and their effects on sensory were also evaluated. First, the microbial risk was lowered and chicken quality was good with the addition of the OA/AA hurdle as compared to the control. Second, over various days of storage, the microbial quality of the OA/AA samples was relatively high. In standard plate counts, the control group presented a bacteria level of 2.75 LogCFU/g at 10 days of storage, but the OA/AA groups were had counts of 2.38, 1.89 and 1.81 LogCFU/g, respectively. And at 15 days of storage, the control group had a level of 3.65 LogCFU/g whereas the OA/AA groups had counts of 3.55, 3.54, and 3.24 LogCFU/g, respectively. Lastly, the sensory scores of the OA/AA groups were higher than those of the control group. Accordingly, overall microbial and sensory characteristics were better in the OA/AA hurdle groupsf than in the control group. Thus, the combined addition of Oregano-allspice and Ascorbic acid may be and alternative means for extending shelf - life.

• 농업과학연구
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• 제39권2호
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• pp.243-253
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• 2012

The objective of the study was to evaluate the quality characteristics of sun-dried Hanwoo beef jerky added with the extract of Citrus junos seib. or Prunus mume. Hanwoo beef shank muscles were sliced, marinated, and sun-dried at $25^{\circ}C$, relative humidity of 35%. The physicochemical quality and microbiological safety of the Hanwoo beef jerky aerobically packaged were analyzed during the storage of $25^{\circ}C$. The moisture content of beef jerky with Citrus junos seib. was the lowest among the treatments after 20 d. Citrus junos seib. and Prunus mume jerky after 10 d had significantly lower aw than those after 0 and 20 d (p<0.05). The pH values of jerky generally ranged from 5.76 to 5.84. The pH value of Prunus mume jerky was significantly higher than those of other jerky samples (p<0.05). Prunus mume jerky showed significantly lower TBARS value than the others after 20 d (p<0.05). Citrus junos seib. jerky showed a significantly lower lightness ($L^*$), redness ($a^*$) and yellowness ($b^*$) than the others during the storage (p<0.05). Prunus mume samples after 10 d had significantly higher $L^*$, $a^*$, and $b^*$ values than the others (p<0.05). With regard to sensory properties, Citrus junos seib. and Prunus mume jerky showed significantly higher flavor and overall acceptability scores than the control (p<0.05). The extracts of Prunus mume will be used in sun-dried Hanwoo beef jerky as a natural agent to retard lipid oxidation and to improve meat color.

• 한국식품위생안전성학회지
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• 제15권3호
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• pp.256-261
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• 2000

숙면에 감마선을 조사하여 상온에 보관하면서 보존기간중의 미생물 및 일반 품질특성 변화를 조사하였다. 숙면의 곰팡이는 5 kGy의 감마선 조사에 의하여 완전 사멸되었으며 일반세균은 5 kG)에서 2 log cycle, 10 kGy에서 4 log cycle수준으로 감소하였고 10 kGy에서 안정적으로 미생물의 생장이 억제되었다 숙면의 pH는 보존기간을 통하여 점차 낮아졌으나 감마선을 조사한 시료는 pH의 강하가 지연되었고 수분활성도는 보존기간을 통하여 증가하였으나 감마선 조사에 의한 각 시료간의 차이는 없었다 기계적 물성 측정결과, 감마선 조사는 보존초기에는 면의 stickiness를 낮추었으나 보존기간의 경과에 따라 오히려 대조구에 비하여 stickiness가 높아졌다.

• 동아시아식생활학회지
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• 제26권3호
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• pp.230-236
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• 2016

The study was carried out to evaluate the quality of commercial pork and beef jerky at a market in Korea. The amount of food additives, place of origin, meat content, microbiological and physicochemical characteristics were investigated in 46 different jerky samples. Meat contents of pork and beef jerky were 75.2~94.0% and 80.0~95.6%, respectively. Food additives, including sodium nitrite, potassium sorbate, and sodium erythorbate were mainly used in jerky. Pork jerky was processed from domestic pork, and beef jerky was mostly processed from imported beef from the USA, Australia, or New Zealand. Pork jerky contained $23.82{\pm}5.74%$ moisture, $37.86{\pm}7.05%$ crude protein, $6.16{\pm}4.91%$ crude fat, and $4.6.87{\pm}1.76%$ crude ash. Beef jerky contained $26.64{\pm}5.21%$ moisture, $41.36{\pm}3.50%$ crude protein, $4.67{\pm}3.46%$ crude fat, and $7.21{\pm}1.91%$ crude ash. Water activity (Aw) of pork jerky was $0.73{\pm}0.09$ while that of beef jerky was $0.78{\pm}0.08$. Volatile basic nitrogen (VBN) content to jerky was 7.1~36.0 mg/100 g. There was no significant difference in the physicochemical composition of meat type (p<0.05). Coliform, Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus were not detected in pork or beef jerky, whereas yeast and molds were detected below $1.2{\times}10^1CFU/g$ in beef jerky samples.