• 한국토양비료학회지
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• 제38권5호
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• pp.281-286
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• 2005

굴패각으로부터 제조된 굴패화석 비료 시용이 토양의 미시환경에 미치는 영향을 조사하기 위해 토양 내 microbial biomass 함량과 주요 토양효소의 활성을 조사하여 다음과 같은 결과를 얻었다. 굴패화석 시용량이 증가함에 따라 토양 내 microbial biomass C, N, P 함량이 크게 증가하였으며, 양분의 가급화와 관련 있는 주요 토양효소의 활성이 크게 증진되었다. 본 연구조건에서 굴패화석 시용에 따른 산성토양의 pH 개선은 microbial biomass P 함량 증진과 urease, ${\beta}$-glucosidase, alkaline phosphomonesterase의 활성증진에 직접적으로 영향을 주었으며, microbial biomass P와 phosphomonoesterase 활성증진은 유효인산 함량증진에 직접적으로 영향을 준 것으로 조사되었다. 결론적으로 약산성의 공시토양에 알카리성 제재인 굴패화석 시용은 토양생물과 효소 활성을 증대함으로써 작물생육에 필요한 양분공급 및 가용율 향상시키는 효과가 있는 것으로 평가되었다.

• Journal of Plant Biology
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• 제10권1_2호
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• pp.21-30
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• 1967

The aim of present study is to elucidate the relationship between decay rate of soil organic matter, and the change of soil microbial population under the oak and pine forest soils in Kwang-nung plantation stand. The results obtained are as follows: 1) The correlation coefficient between decay rate and the soil bacteria is 0.84 and fungi 0.93. 2) The distribution of soil microbial population is higher in both F horizon of the oak forest soil, and F and H horizon of the pine forest soil. However, the number of soil microorganisms decreases with the depth in each forest soil. 3) The population of soil microbes is related to moisture content, total nitrogen, available phosphorus, and exchangeable calcium, except organic carbon in fungi. 4) The soil organic matter has been mainly decomposed by fungi, and the size of its population are governed by the factors such as moisture content, organic carbon, total nitrogen, available phosphorus, and exchangeable calcium.

• Mycobiology
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• 제40권2호
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• pp.138-141
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• 2012

We measured physiological functionalities, including antihypertensive angiotensin I-converting enzyme inhibitory activity and immun-stimulating ${\beta}$-glucan content for sixty kinds of Makgeolli that is commercially available from the market. As a result, we selected R-12 commercial raw Makgeolli, with a high content of immuno-stimulating ${\beta}$-glucan, and R-14 commercial raw Makgeolli, exhibiting high antihypertensive activity. Due to the similarities in their overall physicochemical properties and raw materials used for fermentation, we compared the microbial flora in order to investigate the reason for the differences in their functionalities. Nested PCR and denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis for yeasts and bacteria were performed for analysis of microbial diversity of two different kinds of Makgeolli (i.e., R-12, R-14), which showed immuno-stimulating ${\beta}$-glucan content and exhibited a very high level of antihypertensive activity, respectively. Analysis of the 18S rDNA amplicon revealed a major presence of the yeast strain Pichia burtonii in every Makgeolli sample. Analysis of the 16S rDNA amplicon revealed a predominance of lactic acid bacteria, and the most frequent lactic acid bacteria were Lactobacillus ingluviei, L. fermentum, and L. harbinensis, and Lactobacillus sp. Among these, L. harbinensis was detected only in R-12 and L. ingluviei was found only in R-14. Different functionalities from the individual commercially available Makgeolli may be attributed to actions of different microbial flora during fermentation.

• Mycobiology
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• 제33권1호
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• pp.41-50
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• 2005

Results from an innovative approach to improve remediation in the rhizosphere by encouraging healthy plant growth and thus enhancing microbial activity are reported. The effect of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (Am) on remediation efficacy of wheat, mungbean and eggplant grown in soil spiked with polyaromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) was assessed in a pot experiment. The results of this study showed that Am inoculation enhanced dissipation amount of PAHs in planted soil, plant uptake PAHs, dissipation amount of PAHs in planted versus unplanted spiked soil and loss of PAHs by the plant-promoted biodegradation. A number of parameters were monitored including plant shoot and root dry weight, plant tissue water content, plant chlorophyll, root lipid content, oxido-reductase enzyme activities in plant and soil rhizosphere and total microbial count in the rhizospheric soil. The observed physiological data indicate that plant growth and tolerance increased with Am, but reduced by PAH. This was reflected by levels of mycorrhizal root colonization which were higher for mungbean, moderate for wheat and low for eggplant. Levels of Am colonization increased on mungbean > wheat > eggplant. This is consistent with the efficacy of plant in dissipation of PAHs in spiked soil. Highly significant positive correlations were shown between of arbuscular formation in root segments (A)) and plant water content, root lipids, peroxidase, catalase polyphenol oxidase and total microbial count in soil rhizosphere as well as PAH dissipation in spiked soil. As consequence of the treatment with Am, the plants provide a greater sink for the contaminants since they are better able to survive and grow.

• 한국환경생태학회지
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• 제25권6호
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• pp.887-892
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• 2011

본 연구는 충남 청양의 폐광산 지역과 인근 대조구에 분포하는 Artenmisia princeps var. orientalis(쑥), Equisetum arvense(쇠뜨기)를 이용하여 식물체 내 중금속 함량이 미생물의 활성에 미치는 영향에 대해 알아보았다. 낙엽 회수시 측정한 호흡량은 처음 회수시 가장 높은 값을 나타내었으며, 시간이 지날수록 발생량은 감소하는 경향을 나타내었으며, 중금속의 함량이 높은 낙엽에서 미생물의 호흡량이 낮았으며 대조구에서 채집하여 대조구에서 분해시킨 쑥과 쇠뜨기에서 가장 빠른 분해를 보인 것으로 나타났다. 쑥과 쇠뜨기 모두 중금속 함량이 적은 낙엽에서 높은 미생물량을 나타내었다. 낙엽의 분해율과 누적호흡량, 낙엽의 분해율과 미생물량사이에는 각각 뚜렷한 양의 상관관계를 나타내었다. 따라서 본 연구결과 식물체 내의 중금속이 분해과정에 관여하는 미생물의 생장과 활성에 부정적인 영향을 미친 결과라 할 수 있다.

• 한국토양비료학회지
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• 제31권2호
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• pp.204-210
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• 1998

본 시험은 재배이역(栽培履歷)이 서로 상이한 시설재배지에서의 염류집원적지(鹽類集源積地)와 건전지(健全地)의 미생물상(微生物相)의 생태(生態)를 비교해석(比較解析)하고, 미생물(微生物)적 진단(診斷)에 의한 근권환경(根圈環境)의 동태(動態)와 개량기술(改良技術)을 위한 기초자료를 얻고자 수행하였다. 주요 미생물(微生物)의 분포(分布)는 건전지(健全地)에서 형광성(螢光性) Pseudomonas 속 세균(細菌)의 밀도가 높은반면 염류장해지(鹽類障害地)에서는 병원성(病原性) Fuasarium 속의 밀도가 높고 형광성(螢光性) Pseudomonas 속 세균(細菌)이 낮은 분포밀도(分布密度)를 보였다. 토양중 유기물 함량이 증가할수록 Bacillus 속(屬), 형광성(螢光性) Pseudomonas 속(屬), Enterobacteriaceae 등 세균류(細菌類)의 밀도와 Microbial biomass C함량이 크게 증가하였으며, 토양의 전기전도도(電氣傳導度)(EC)가 $5.1dS\;m^{-1}$ 이상으로 높아지면 미생물(微生物)간의 비율중 세균(細菌)/사상균(絲狀菌)(B/F), 방선균(放線菌)/사상균(絲狀菌)(A/F)의 비율이 현저히 낮아지고 형광성(螢光性) Pseudomonas 속(屬) 세균(細菌)이 급격히 감소하였다. 토양 pH와 세균(細菌)과의 관계는 고도의 정(正)의 상관관계(相關關係)를, 사상균(絲狀菌)과는 부(負)의 상관관계(相關關係)를 보였으며, 토양유기물과 방선균(放線菌), Bacillus 속(屬), Enterobacteriaceae와는 각각 $r=0.226^*$, $r=0.334^{**}$, $r=0.276^{**}$, 치환성 Ca및 치환성 Mg함량과 방선균수(放線菌數)와는 각각 $r=0.334^{**}$, $r=0.352^{**}$, 유기물함량과 Microbial biomass C 함량과는 $R=0.439^{**}$의 유의성(有意性) 있는 상관을 보였다.

• 한국미생물·생명공학회지
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• 제27권4호
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• pp.311-319
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• 1999

Leaves of Aloe vera Linne and bloods of domestic animal were composted in a soild state fermentation reactor (SSFR) by using microbial additive including a bulking and moisture controlling agent. From solid-culture of microbial additive, 10 species of bacteria and 10 species of fungi were isolated and, their enzyme activities including amylase, carboxy methyl cellulase CMCase, lipase and protease were detected. Optimum fermentation conditions of Aloe leaves and domestic animal bloods in SSFR were obtained from the studies of response surface analysis employing microbial additive content, initial moisture content, and fermentation temperature as the independent variables. The optimum conditions for SSFR using Aloe leaves were obtained at 9.45$\pm$73%(w/w) of microbial additives, 62.73$\pm$4.54%(w/w) of initial moisture content and 55.32$\pm$3.14$^{\circ}C$ of fermentation temperature while those for SSFR using domestic animal bloods were obtained at 10.25$\pm$2.04%, 58.68$\pm$4.97% and 57.85$\pm$5.$65^{\circ}C$, respectively. Composting process in SSFR was initially proceeded through fermentation and solid materials were decomposed within 24 hours by maintaining higher moisture level, and maturing and drying steps are followed later. After the fermentation step, the concentrations of solid phase inorganic components were increased while that of organic components were decreased. Also, concentrations of total organic carbon(TOC), peptides, amino acids, polysaccharides, and low fatty acids in water extracts were increased. As fermentation in composting process depends on initial C/N ratios in water extracts of two samples were increased because of increased water-soluble TOC. From these results, it was revealed that solid state fermentation reactor using microbial additives can be used in composting process of organic wastes with broad C/N ratio.

• Journal of Applied Biological Chemistry
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• 제50권2호
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• pp.88-96
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• 2007

Organic farming systems based on ecological concepts have the potential to produce sustainable crop yields with no decline in soil and environmental qualities. Recent expansion of sustainable agricultural systems, including organic farming, has brought about need for development of sustainable farming systems based on value judgments for key properties of importance for farming. Chemical and microbiological properties were chosen as indicators of soil quality and measured at soil depth intervals of 5-20 and 20-35 cm in conventional and organic-based apple orchards located in Yeongchun, Gyeongbuk. The orchards were two adjacent fields to ensure the same pedological conditions except management system. Soil pH in organic farming was around 7.5, whereas below 6.0 in conventional farming. Organic farming resulted in significant increases in organic matter and Kjeldahl-N contents compared to those found with conventional management. Microbial populations, biomass C, and enzyme activities (except acid phosphatase) in apple orchard soil of organic farming were higher than those found in conventional farming. Higher microbial quotient ($C_{mic}/C_{org}$ ratio) and lower microbial metabolic quotient for $CO_2(qCO_2)$ in organic farming confirmed that organic farming better conserves soil organic carbon. Biological soil quality indicators showed significant positive correlations with soil organic matter content. These results indicate organic-based farming positively affected soil organic matter content, thus improving soil chemical and biological qualities.

• 한국식품저장유통학회지
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• 제31권1호
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• pp.24-32
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• 2024

This study evaluates the microbial safety of ginseng sprouts packaged in moss and a modified atmosphere (MA) film within Styrofoam boxes. Ginseng sprout samples were stored at 4℃ for seven days, and the total fungi and aerobic bacteria counts, relative humidity, and moisture content were measured at 0, 1, 3, 5, and 7 days. During the storage period, both packaging treatments caused an increase in the total fungi and aerobic bacteria counts. However, by the seventh day, the ginseng sprouts packaged in the MA film demonstrated significantly lower counts of total fungi (3.03 log CFU/g) and aerobic bacteria (7.32 log CFU/g) than those in moss (3.66 and 7.63 log CFU/g, respectively). Moss packaging alone resulted in the total fungi count reaching up to 3.36 log CFU/g, with the aerobic bacteria count consistently exceeding 7 log CFU/g, highlighting the importance of hygienic management. Moreover, no significant differences were observed in the moisture content and relative humidity between the MA-film- and moss-packaged groups throughout storage. These findings indicate that the functional MA film is a more hygienic packaging solution for ginseng sprouts than moss.

• 한국식품위생안전성학회지
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• 제27권4호
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• pp.442-448
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• 2012

고춧가루의 LED(적색, 황색, 청색, 녹색광) 처리시 저장기간 중 미생물 저감화, 수용성 색소, capsanthin 함량, 표면 색도(Hunter L, a, b, ${\Delta}E$) 및 관능평가를 실시하였다. 저장기간 중 총 호기성 세균은 유의적인 차이를 나타내지 않았으며, 효모 및 곰팡이의 경우 황색 LED 처리군에서 1.76 log 감소되었다. 표면 색도는 저장기간이 경과함에 따라 모든 시료군에서 명도(L), 적색도(a) 및 황색도(b)가 유의적으로 감소하는 경향을 나타내었다. 전반적인 색차는 황색 LED 시료에서 ${\Delta}E$ 값이 3.0 이하로 나타나 다른 시료군에 비해 색도의 변화가 적은 것으로 나타났다. 수용성 색소는 저장기간 중 유의적인 차이는 나타나지 않았으며, capsanthin 함량은 저장기간이 경과함에 따라 감소하였으나 적색 LED 시료와 황색 LED 시료는 저장 10일 후 초기와 유의적인 capsanthin 함량 차이를 나타내지 않았다. 관능적 품질은 대조군의 경우 외관, 색 및 상품성이 저장기간 중 유의적으로 감소하는 경향을 나타내었으나 황색 LED 시료와 녹색 LED 시료는 유의적인 차이가 나타나지 않았다.