• The Korean Journal of Community Living Science
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• v.22 no.2
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• pp.299-310
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• 2011

To establish good dietary behavior for middle school students, this study was conducted to analyze the needs of nutrition education and eating attitudes of 373 middle school students(boys 171, girls 202) in Hwaseong city. Using questionnaires, results were gathered and analyzed. Dietary behavior, food group intake and the needs of nutrition education were scored by a five-point Likert scale. Chi-square and student t-test were done for significant gender difference. The correlation between the needs of nutrition education with dietary behavior and food group intake was obtained by Pearson's r. The dietary attitude of 'try to eat first' and 'eating fast' were higher score in boys than in girls(p<0.05). Most of the students thought they didn't have any nutritional problems(71.8%). Nutrition education was considered necessary(54.9%) for proper growth and development(53.0%) in middle school. But 45.1% of students did not suggest by the reasons of 'short time to change'(28.2%), 'more effective in home'(27.4%). The appropriate time of nutrition education was pre-school(28.2%) or elementary school(27.4%), once a week(boys 51%, girls 71.3%) in frequency(p<0.001), and the information acquired by TV/Radio(30.0%) and internet(26.6%). Students(46.0%) wanted to know about 'growth and nutrition'. They were to learn information on the 'healthy growth'(4.10) and 'adolescent nutrition'(4.03). The vegetables group consumption and the thought of dietary attitude 'try to modify bad eating habits' were correlated with almost all categories of desired nutrition education. Through these results, good eating habits would be attained by nutrition education. A nutrition education program would require an expert teacher for middle school students.

• Koreanishche Zeitschrift fur Deutsche Sprachwissenschaft
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• v.4
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• pp.373-394
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• 2001

Bis jetzt haben wir $haupts\"{a}chlich$ verschiedene Probleme an Ort und Stelle des Fremdsprachunterrichts analysiert, und zwar: (a) den > Spracherwerbsmechanismus < die >SMQ< und den > auf jeweilige (Fremd)sprache fuhrenden Unterrieht<, die drei Lehr- u. Lernfaktoren des Spraeherwerbs, (b) den Lehr- u. $Lemproze\ss$ der Muttersprache, (c) die 5 Fertigkeitsaufgaben und (d) einige Prinzipien und ihre $Ma{\ss}nahmen$ der Sprachlehr- u. -lernmethode Aus diesen Grundlagen werden die folgenden Ergebnisse be- sonders hervorgebracht werden: (d) Das Hauptziel des Fremdspraehunterrichts soll/muss man darin finden, $zun\"{a}chst$ die >SMQ< zu $erf\"{u}llen$, die etwa 1000 $\"{A}u{\ss}erungen/S\"{a}tzen$ entspricht, um perfekt zu sprechen. (e) Alle Menschen kommen ausnahmslos genetisch mit dem >Spracherwerbsmechanismus< zur Welt, der alles Sprachmaterial grammatisch/systematisch aufnimmt. (f) Aus diesem Grund darf man den $Anf\"{a}nger$ keine Gramma -tik lehren, bis er perfekt sprechen kann, weil er als Mensch schon alles grammatisch lernen kann. (g) Stattdessen lohnt es sich, im Unterricht nur auf jeweilige Fremdsprache zu sprechen, zu schreiben und zu $erkl\"{a}ren$, d.h. den auf jeweilige Sprache $f\"{u}hrenden$ Unterricht intensiv zu hal- ten, was auch beim Mutterspracherwerb immer der Fall ist. (h) Es ist sehr ratsam $f\"{u}r$ uns, die Lehr- u. Lernmethode im Fall des Mutterspracherwerbs als Unterrichtsmodell dynamisch anzuwenden, weil sie uns immer den $100\%$ Erfolg geschenkt hat. (i) Im Alltag braucht man $st\"{a}ndig$ den Ansprecher/die -in (z.B. im Fernseh/ durch Internet) nachzuahmen, und zwar die Sprechweise, die Gestik bzw. Mimik usw. (j) Es soll/muss streng verboten werden, im Fremdsprach- unterricht auf Muttersprache zu sprechen, weil es mit der Fremd -sprachausbildung, d.h. mit der $Erf\"{u}llung$ von >SMQ< gar nicht zu tun hat, sondern eine Art Betrug sein $k\"{o}nnte$, soweit das folgende koreanische Sprichwort noch gilt: Der Apfel $f\"{a}llt$ nicht weit vom Stamm. (k) Ohne Reformierung des konventionellen Fremdsprachunter -richts, $100\%\;Mi{\ss}lingen$ hinnehmen zu $m\"{u}ssen$, kann man nichts weiter machen. Denn er $st\"{o}rt$ uns das auf jeweilige Sprache bezo -gene Denken. Z.B. die sinnlose Grammatik, auf Muttersprache zu sprechen, die unmittelbare $\"{U}bersetzung$ usw. sind dessen $R\"{a}delsf\"{u}hrer.\;Alle\;L\"{a}nder\;besch\"{a}ftigen\;sich\;st\"{a}ndig\;damit,\;ihre\;M\"{o}glichkeit$ in der harten Existenzkonkurrenz durch die Bildungsreform auszu -gleichen. Denn die Ausbildung der Hochtechnologie im 21. Jh. braucht notwendig die $Fremdsprachf\"{a}higkeit$ als ihre Grundlage. Ohne Selbstreformierung $k\"{o}nnten$ wir als Fremdsprachlehrer/-pro -fessoren - auf Koreanisch sprechend - weiter den Fremdsprach -unterricht halten?

• Journal of Food Hygiene and Safety
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• v.37 no.6
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• pp.373-384
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• 2022

Fluoxastrobin a fungicide developed from Strobilurus species mushroom extracts, can be used as an effective pesticide to control fungal diseases. In this study, we optimized the extraction and purification of fluoxastrobin according to its physical and chemical properties using the QuEChERS method and developed an LC-MS/MS-based analysis method. For extraction, we used acetonitrile as the extraction solvent, along with MgSO₄ and PSA. The limit of quantitation of fluoxastrobin was 0.01 mg/kg. We used 0.01, 0.1, and 0.5 mg/kg of five representative agricultural products and treated them with fluoxastrobin. The coefficients of determination (R²) of fluoxastrobin and fluoxastrobin Z isomer were > 0.998. The average recovery rates of fluoxastrobin (n=5) and fluoxastrobin Z isomer were 75.5-100.3% and 75.0-103.9%, respectively. The relative standard deviations (RSDs) were < 5.5% and < 4.3% for fluoxastrobin and fluoxastrobin Z isomer, respectively. We also performed an interlaboratory validation at Gwangju Regional Food and Drug Administration and compared the recovery rates and RSDs obtained for fluoxastrobin and fluoxastrobin Z isomer at the external lab with our results to validate our analysis method. In the external lab, the average recovery rates and RSDs of fluoxastrobin and fluoxastrobin Z isomer at each concentration were 79.5-100.5% and 78.8-104.7% and < 18.1% and < 10.2%, respectively. In all treatment groups, the concentrations were less than those described by the 'Codex Alimentarius Commission' and the 'Standard procedure for preparing test methods for food, etc.'. Therefore, fluoxastrobin is safe for use as a pesticide.

• Journal of the Society of Cosmetic Scientists of Korea
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• v.41 no.4
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• pp.361-373
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• 2015

This study was carried out to evaluate the antioxidant and antibacterial activities of Glycyrriza uralensis Fisher (Jecheon, Korea) extracts obtained by various extraction conditions (85% ethanol, heating temperatures and times), and to establish the optimal extraction condition of G. uralensis for the application as cosmetic ingredients. The extracts obtained under different conditions were concentrated and made in the powdered (sample-1) and were the crude extract solutions without concentration (sample-2). The antioxidant effects were determined by free radical scavenging activity ($FSC_{50}$), ROS scavenging activity ($OSC_{50}$), and cellular protective effects. Antibacterial activity was determined by minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) on human skin flora. DPPH free radical scavenging activity of sample-1 ($100{\mu}g/mL$) was 10% higher in group extracted for 6 h than 12 h, but sample-2 didn't show any significant differences. The extraction yield extracted with same temperature for 12 h was 2.6 times higher than 6 h, but total flavonoid content was 1.1 times higher. These results indicated that total flavonoid content hardly increased with increasing extraction time. Free radical scavenging activity, ROS scavenging activity and cellular protective effects were not dependent on the yield of extraction, but total flavonoid content of extraction. Antibacterial activity on three skin flora (S. aureus, B. subtilis, P. acnes)of sample-1 in different extraction conditions were evaluated on same concentration, and the group extracted at 25 and $40^{\circ}C$ showed 16 times higher than methyl paraben ($2,500{\mu}g/mL$). In conclusion, 85% ethanol extracts of G. uralensis extracted at $40^{\circ}C$ for 6 h showed the highest antioxidant and antibacterial activity. These results indicate that the extraction condition is important to be optimized by comprehensive evaluation of extraction yield with various conditions, yield of active component, and activity test with concentrations, and activity of 100% extract, for manufacturing process of products.

• Sleep Medicine and Psychophysiology
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.100-108
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• 2010

Objectives: "Internet-addiction" came into common use not only in clinical setting but also in everyday life. But, pathophysiology and diagnostic criteria of the internet addiction remain unknown. Because adolescents are in developing period, they might be vulnerable to the internet addiction, depression and sleep-related problem. The objectives of this study were to investigate the characteristics of internet addiction and its association with sleep pattern and depression in Korean adolescence. Methods: Subjects were 799 middle and high school students in Seoul, Korea. We administered a self-reported questionnaire including socio-demographic data, Korean versions of Young's Internet Addiction Scale (YIAS), Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PS-QI), the Center for Epidemiologic Studies for Depression Scale (CES-D) and questions about internet using patterns. Data of 696 subjects were included in analysis. Chi-square tests were used to analyze proportional differences, and ANOVA with post-hoc tests were used to analyze differences among groups. Partial correlation analyses were performed to analyze the correlation of internet addiction with other variables (two-tailed, p<0.05). Results: Of the 696 participants (grade 2 of middle school; M2 135 vs. grade 1 of high school; H1 238 vs. grade 2 of high school; H2 323), 2.0% (n=14) were internet-addicted (IA), 27.7% (n=193) were over-using (OU) and 70.3% (n=489) were not-addicted (NA). The mean scores of YIAS, PSQI and CES-D scores were 35.24${\pm}$12.78, 5.53${\pm}$3.04 and 16.72${\pm}$8.69, respectively. In higher grade students, average total sleep time was shorter (M2 426.20${\pm}$67.68 min. vs. H1 380.47${\pm}$62.57 min. vs. H2 354.67${\pm}$73.37 min., F=51.909, p<0.001), and PSQI (4.69${\pm}$3.14 vs. 5.42${\pm}$3.15 vs. 5.97${\pm}$2.83, F=8.871, p<0.001) CES-D (13.53${\pm}$8.37 vs. 16.96${\pm}$8.24 vs. 17.87${\pm}$8.84, F=12.373, p<0.001) scores were higher than those of lower grade students. Comparing variables among IA, OU and NA groups, computer using time not for study (96.36${\pm}$63.31 min. vs. 134.92${\pm}$86.79 min. vs. 213.57${\pm}$136.87 min., F=34.287, p<0.001) and portable device using time not for study (84.22${\pm}$79.11 min. vs. 96.97${\pm}$91.89 min. vs. 152.31${\pm}$93.64 min., F= 5.400, p=0.005) were different among groups. PSQI (5.26${\pm}$2.97 vs. 6.08${\pm}$2.97 vs. 7.50${\pm}$4.41, F=8.218, p<0.001) and CES-D scores (15.40${\pm}$8.08 vs. 19.05${\pm}$8.42 vs. 30.43${\pm}$13.69, F=32.692, p<0.001) were also different among groups. YIAS score were correlated with computer using time not for study (r=0.356, p<0.001) and portable device using time not for study (r= 0.136, p<0.001). PSQI score (r=0.237, p<0.001) and CES-D score (r=0.332, p<0.001). YIAS score and PSQI score (r=0.131, p= 0.001), YIAS and CES-D score (r=0.265, p<0.001), PSQI score and CES-D score (r=0.357, p<0.001) were correlated each other. Conclusion: These results suggested that adolescents' internet-addiction was correlated with not only computer and portable device using time not for study but also depression and sleep-related problems. We should pay attention to depression and sleep-related problems, when evaluating internet-addiction in adolescents.