• 분석과학
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• 제8권4호
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• pp.1079-1087
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• 1995

The quality of human life is directly related to the quality of the environment. To assess environmental quality we must first determine the MCLG(Maximum Contaminant Level Goal), MCL(Maximum Contaminant Level), environmental impact and so on. The MCLG is the concentration at which no known adverse health effects occur. The MCLG is determined by risk assessment identifying which process is hazardous assessing, dose-response, human exposure, and characteristics of risk. With consideration of analytical methods, treatment technology, cost and regulatory impact, the MCL is set as close to the MCLG as possible. In this way, determination of the concentration and national distribution of contaminants is important for assessment of environmental quality The analytical sciences pose potential problems in assessing environmental quality. Continuing improvement in the performance of analytical instruments and operating technique has been lowering the limits of detectability. Contaminant concentration below the detection limit has usually been reported as ND(Not-Detected) and this has often been misunderstood as equivalent to zero. Because of this, more the contaminant concentration in the past was below the detection limit, whereas contaminants can be quantified now even though the contaminant concentration might remain the same or may even have decreased. In addition, environmental sampling has various components due to heterogeneous matrices. These samples are used to overestimate the concentration of the contaminant due to large variability, resulting in excess readings for MCL. In this paper, the significance of the analytical sciences is emphasized in both a conceptual and a technical approach to environmental assessment.

• 분석과학
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• 제24권3호
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• pp.200-211
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• 2011

본 연구에서는 저온농축열탈착법을 이용하여, 4가지 유기지방산 및 9가지 휘발성유기화합물을 포함하는 13가지 성분의 분석기법을 비교연구하였다. 저온농축열탈착법을 이용한 유기지방산의 분석기법을 평가하기 위해, 5가지 흡착소재 각각에 대해 5점 검량에 기초한 비교를 시도하였다. 그 결과, 유기지방산 및 휘발성 유기화합물에서 Carbopack X를 충진한 고체흡착관의 response factor (RF)가 가장 높은수준을 유지하면서, 유기지방산과 휘발성유기화합물의 동시분석에 가장 적합한 것으로 나타났다. 그러나 Tenax TA 단일소재를 제외하면, 조사에 이용한 대부분의 흡착제도 양호한 것으로 나타났다. 저온농축열 탈착법의 검정을 위한 임의의 방안으로 기체상 표준시료를 저온농축열탈착법과 알칼리흡수법으로 동시에 비교분석하였다. 그 결과, 유기지방산에서 저온농축열탈착법 대비 알칼리흡수법의 비율 (T/S비)이 0.46 (valeric acid)~0.71 (isovaleric acid)으로 나타나 저온농축열탈착법의 결과가 상대적으로 낮게 나타났다. 보다 안정적인 분석조건을 찾기 위한 연구를 추가적으로 지속한다면, 유기지방산의 분석법을 향상시키는 것이 가능할 것으로 사료된다.

• 분석과학
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• 제17권5호
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• pp.1029-1042
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• 2004

• 산업기술연구
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• 제5권
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• pp.3-7
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• 1985

Analytical techniques for use with reconnaissance frame photographs are outlined. The first approach is a point-by-point space resection in which the dynamic properties of the camera are taken into account. In the second approach appropriate parameters are added to correct for image distoritions, caused by the focal plane shutter, during the space resection phase. Test results showed that the analytical techniques developed will significantly improve the planimetric and height accuracy obtained by conventional methods.

• 한국콘크리트학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국콘크리트학회 1998년도 가을 학술발표대회 논문집(III)
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• pp.821-826
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• 1998

The design methods for the steel plate strengthened RC structures are not well established yet because the structural behavior of plated RC beams is more complex than that of regular unplated ones. The main purpose of this paper is to present the premature failure mechanism of steel plate strengthened RC beams. The analytical models of interfacial stress and normal are also proposed in this paper. The comparisons between the analytical results using the proposed theory and experimental ones relatively satisfied.

• 한국수정란이식학회지
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• 제33권2호
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• pp.75-84
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• 2018

The cryopreservation has been extensively applied in many cells including spermatozoa (semen) during past several decades. Especially, the canine spermatozoa cryopreservation has contributed on generation of progeny of rare/genetically valuable dog breeds, genome resource banking and transportation of male germplasm at a distant place. However, severe and irreversible damages to the spermatozoa during cryopreservation procedures such as the thermal shock (cold shock), formation of intracellular ice crystals, osmotic shock, stress of cryoprotectants and generator of reactive oxygen species (ROS) have been addressed. According as a number of researches have been conducted to overcome these problems and to advance cryopreservation technique, several analytical methods have been employed to evaluate the quality of the fresh or cryopreserved canine spermatozoa in regards to the motility, morphology, integrity of membrane and DNA, mitochondrial activity, ROS generation, binding affinity to oocytes, in vitro fertilization potential and fertility potential by artificial insemination. Because the study designs with certain application of analytical methods are selective and varied depending on each experimental objective and laboratory condition, it is necessary to establish the normal reference data of the fresh or cryopreserved canine spermatozoa for each analytical method to monitor experimental procedure, to translate raw data and to discuss results. Here, we reviewed the recent articles to introduce various analytical methods for the canine spermatozoa as well as to establish the normal reference data for each analytical method in the fresh or cryopreserved canine spermatozoa, based on the results of the previous articles. We hope that this review contributes to the advancement of cryobiology in canine spermatozoa.

• 한국대기환경학회지
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• 제16권6호
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• pp.595-606
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• 2000

In order to compare analytical conditions for measuring PAHs(polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons) in ambient air, a series of experiment were conducted using three different types of extraction methods that include:(1) accelerated solvent extraction (ASE), (2) soxhlet, and (3) sonification methods. Efficiency and relevant analytixal parameters for each of these methods were examined on five different types of solvents that include:(1) 10% diethyl ether in n-hexane(v/v), (2) dichloromethane, (3)cyclohexane.(4) toluene, and (5) Benzene: ethanol (4:1). Comparison of extraction efficiency for various combinations between methods and solvents was made through an application of both internal and external standard calibration techniques. The extraction efficiency tests, when checked using both internal and external standards, allowed us to derive meaningful comparison among different techniques and among solvents.

• 농약과학회지
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• 제16권2호
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• pp.121-130
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• 2012

농약의 잔류분석은 일반적으로 기존의 액액분배 추출법(liquid liquid extraction, LLE)이 적용되어 왔으나, 시료 전처리에 많은 유기용매와 분석기구가 사용되고, 분석시간이 길며, 복잡한 분석단계로 인하여 보다 신속하고 효율적인 방법의 개발이 요구되고 있다. 이에 따라 경제적이고 간편한 농약 잔류 분석법을 확립하고자, 기존 분석법과 고체상 분말을 시료에 직접 주입하여 농약성분을 추출, 정제하는 QuEChERS (quick, easy, cheap, effective, rugged and safe)시료 전처리법을 비교 실험하였다. 엽채소류 중 상추, 참나물 및 취나물을 대상으로 농가에서 많이 사용하고, LC로 분석 가능한 대표적인 농약 6종(boscalid, cyazofamid, dimethomorph, fludioxonil, imidacloprid, pyraclostrobin)을 선정하였다. 두 분석법 모두 검량선의 상관계수($R_2$)는 0.99 이상으로 양호하였고, 검출한계는 imidacloprid는 0.02 mg/kg, 나머지 농약성분들은 0.05 mg/kg 수준이었다. 실험 결과, 액액분배법의 회수율은 92.8-100.9%, RSD는 2.5%이하였고, QuEChERS법의 회수율은 92.2-101.6%, RSD는 1.9%이하였다. Paired t-test를 이용하여 두 분석법 간의 시간에 따른 농약 잔류량을 비교한 결과, p-value는 0.3148-0.9890으로 두 분석법 간의 유의한 차이가 발견되지 않았다. 이 결과들을 볼 때 QuEChERS법은 기존의 액액분배법를 이용한 분석과 비교하여 동등한 회수율 결과를 보였으며, 분석 시간은 기존보다 약 1/4 정도 단축되었다. 또한 추출 과정 중 dichloromethane 등의 유해 유기용매 사용을 배제하여 실험자의 건강보호 및 폐용매의 양을 현저하게 줄일수 있어 친환경적이면서 경제적인 분석법으로 판단되었다.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• 제5권3호
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• pp.329-338
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• 1997

In this paper a general analytical approach is proposed to analyse the nonlinear response of elastic cable under complex loads. The effect of temperature change on the cable is also considered. From the vertical equilibrium equations of cable, the general analytical formula of vertical displacement is derived. Based on the vertical displacement formula and on the compatibility condition of the cable, the dimensionless equation with respect to cable tension is established. By means of such analytical procedures, the exact solutions of various cable problems can be obtained quickly. The example given in this paper shows that the new procedure is efficient for practical analysis and can be easily implemented by a general computer program without the superposition problem which there has always been in traditional analytical methods.

• 제어로봇시스템학회논문지
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• 제17권3호
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• pp.241-247
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• 2011

This paper is intended to improve efficiency of two-phase BLDC motor using analytical and statistical methods, and then the stability of the starting for the designed model is investigated. The characteristics of the motor according to magnetization directions of permanent magnet are analyzed through the analytical method, and design variables that affect the efficiency are selected. Preliminary optimal design is performed using the analytical method with the design variable. The RSM (Response Surface Method) based on the FEA (Finite Element Analysis) is applied to complement errors of the analytical method. As a result, the optimal design is determined. Finally, the stability of the starting for the optimal designed model is evaluated by analyzing cogging torque, and it is verified through the FEA.