• Clinical and Experimental Reproductive Medicine
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• 제40권3호
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• pp.135-140
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• 2013

Objective: To evaluate correlations between serum anti-M${\ddot{u}}$llerian hormone (AMH) levels, phenotypes of polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), obesity, and metabolic parameters in patients with PCOS. Methods: A total of 175 patients with PCOS were diagnosed according to the Rotterdam Consensus were included. Exclusion criteria were age over 40, FSH>25 mIU/mL, and 17a-OHP>1.5 ng/mL. The Phenotypes of PCOS were divided into a severe form (oligo-anovulation, ANOV/hyperandrogenism/polycystic ovary morphology [PCOM]; n=59) and a mild form without HA (ANOV/PCOM, n=105). The serum AMH levels were classified into 3 groups (<5 vs. 5-10 vs. >10 ng/mL). Obesity was defined as body mass index (BMI) ${\geq}25kg/m^2$ (n=34). Results: The mean age was $25.9{\pm}5.7$ year and mean AMH level was $10.1{\pm}5.4$ ng/mL. The BMI ($kg/m^2$) was higher in group 1 ($24.2{\pm}6.3$) than in group 2 ($21.9{\pm}4.3$, p=0.046) or group 3 ($21.6{\pm}3.3$, p=0.019). There was no difference among the three groups in age, menstrual interval, antral follicle counts, androgens, or other metabolic parameters. The obesity group showed significantly lower AMH ($7.7{\pm}3.9$ ng/mL vs. $10.7{\pm}5.6$ ng/mL), p=0.004) and low-density lipoprotein levels ($93.1{\pm}21.2$ mg/dL vs. $107.5{\pm}39.3$ mg/dL, p=0.031), and showed higher total T ($0.74{\pm}0.59$ L vs. $0.47{\pm}0.36$ ng/mL, p=0.001), free T ($2.01{\pm}1.9$ vs. $1.04{\pm}0.8$ pg/mL, p=0.0001), and free androgen index ($6.2{\pm}7.9$ vs. $3.5{\pm}3.0$, p=0.003). After controlling for age factors and BMI, the serum AMH levles did not show any significant correlations with other hormonal or metabolic parmeters. Conclusion: For PCOS patients under the age 40, serum AMH is not negatively correlated with age. High serum AMH levels can not predict the phenotype of PCOS and metabolic disturbances in PCOS patients in the non-obese group. Further study might be needed to define the relation more clearly.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• 제50권5호
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• pp.540-548
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• 2001

Backgrounds : Because ventilator-induced lung injury is partly dependent on the intensity of vascular flow, we hypothesized that hypothermia may attenuate the degree of such an injury through a reduced cardiac output. Methods : Twenty-seven male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly assigned to normothermia ($37{\pm}1^{\circ}C$)-injurious ventilation (NT-V) group (n=10), hypothermia ($27{\pm}1^{\circ}C$)-injurious ventilation (HT-V) group (n=10), or nonventilated control group (n=7). The two thermal groups were subjected to injurious mechanical ventilation for 20 min with peak airway pressure 30 cm $H_2O$ at zero positive end-expiratory pressure, which was translated to tidal volume $54{\pm}6\;ml$ in the NT-V group and $53{\pm}4\;ml$ in the HT-V group (p>0.05). Results : Pressure-volume (P-V) curve after the injurious ventilation was almost identical to the baseline P-V curve in the HT-V group, whereas it was shifted rightward in the NT-V group. On gross inspection, the lungs of the HT-V group appeared smaller in size, and showed less hemorrhage especially at the dependent regions, than the lungs of the NT-V group. [Wet lung weight (g)/body weight (kg)] ($1.6{\pm}0.1$ vs $2.4{\pm}1.2$ ; p=0.014) and [wet lung weight/dry lung weight] ($5.0{\pm}0.1$ vs $6.1{\pm}0.8$ ; p=0.046) of the HT-V group were both lower than those of the NT-V group, while not different from those of the control group($1.4{\pm}0.4$, $4.8{\pm}0.4$, respectively). Protein concentration of the BAL fluid of the HT-V group was lower than that of the NT-V group($1,374{\pm}726\;ug/ml$ vs $3,471{\pm}1,985\;ug/ml$;p=0.003). Lactic dehydrogenase level of the BAL fluid of the HT-V group was lower than that of the NT-V group ($0.18{\pm}0.10\;unit/ml$ vs $0.43{\pm}0.22\;unit/ml$;p=0.046). Conclusions : Hypothermia attenuated pulmonary hemorrhage, permeability pulmonary edema, and alveolar cellular injuries associated with injurious mechanical ventilation, and preserved normal P-V characteristics of the lung in rats.

• 대한핵의학회지
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• 제33권4호
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• pp.413-421
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• 1999

목적: 이 연구는 인공슬관절 전치환술을 받은 환자들에서 인공관절의 감염을 진단하는데 $^{99m}Tc$-HMPAO 표지 백혈구 스캔의 진단적 유용성을 평가하고자하였다. 대상 및 방법: 인공슬관절 전치환술 후 감염이 의심되어 $^{99m}Tc$-HMPAO 표지 백혈구 스캔 검사를 받은 20예 중 최종진단이 확실한 17명의 25예의 인골슬관절을 대상으로 하였다. 대상 환자는 남자가 1명, 여자가 16명으로, 평균연령은 65세였다. 모든 환자에서 $^{99m}Tc$-HMPAO 표지 백혈구를 이용한 전신 평면영상과 슬관절 SPECT를 얻었다. 대상군은 임상적으로 감염이 의심되는 정도에 따라 3군으로 나누었다. 감염이 강하게 의심되었던 인공슬관절군 (A군: 11예), 감염 여부를 감별하기 어려웠던 인공슬관절군 (B군: 6예), 무증상의 반대측 인공슬관절군 (C군: 8예)으로 분류하였다. 최종진단은 수술, 조직소견, 균 배양 및 임상적 추적검사로 결정하였다. 결과: A군 인골관절 11예 모두와 B군의 6예중 2예, 총 13예가 감염으로 확진되었다. $^{99m}Tc$-HMPAO 표지 백혈구 스캔은 A군 11예 모두에서 진양성을 보였고, B군에서는 진양성 2예, 위양성.: 1예, 진음성 3예를 보였으며, C군에서는 위양성 2예와 진음성 6예를 보였다. 전체적으로 인공슬관절의 감염을 진단하는 데 있어서 그 예민도, 특이도, 및 정확도는 각각 100%, 75%, 88%이었다. 결론: 인공슬관절 감염의 진단에 있어 $^{99m}Tc$-HMPAO표지 백혈구 스캔은 매우 예민한 방법이었다. 그러나, 상대적으로 낮은 진단적 특이도를 높이기 위하여 추가적인 골수 스캔이 인공슬관절 감염이 의심되는 환자의 진단에 필요하리라 생각된다.

• Journal of Yeungnam Medical Science
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• 제23권1호
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• pp.26-35
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• 2006

전염증성 사이토카인의 분비를 조절하는 전사인자인 NF-${\kappa}B$는 염증성 장질환 환자의 대장 점막에서 발현이 증가되어 있다고 보고하고 있으며 이를 억제하여 대장의 염증을 억제하려는 연구가 진행 중이다. 루테올린은 다양한 한약제에 포함되어 있는 플라보노이드 중 하나로 항염증 및 항산화작용이 있다고 알려져 있으며 LPS 자극된 대식세포에서 TNF-${\alpha}$ 분비의 억제 뿐만 아니라 전사인자인 NF-kB의 발현을 억제하여 항염증작용을 하는 것으로 알려져 있다. 본 연구에서는 DSS을 이용한 염증성 장질환 모델에서 루테올린의 장염의 치료효과를 보고자 하였다. C57BL/6 NF-${\kappa}B^{EGFP}$ 쥐에게 2.5% DSS를 투여하여 장염을 유발하였으며 치료군(n=6)에서는 매일 루테올린(1 mg/kg, vol 0.1 ml)을 비위관을 통해 경구투여 하였으며, 비치료군(n=6)에서는 매일 같은 양의 vehicle(vol 0.1 ml)를 투여하여 정상대조군(n=6)과 비교하였다. 실험 기간 동안 질병활성도를 기록하였으며, 투약 6일 후 모든 쥐를 희생하여 대장을 분리하여 길이를 측정하고, 조직검사를 시행하였다. 또한 대장점막조직을 배양하여 m IL-12 p40의 분비를 측정하였고, 공초점 형광현미경하에서 EGFP 발현의 정도를 관찰하였다. 질병의 활성도의 관찰에서 치료군에서 2.7점, 비치료군에서 2.5점으로 양군 사이에 유의한 차이가 없어 루테올린에 대한 장염예방효과는 없었다. 또한 치료군과 비치료군에서 대장점막의 m IL-12 p40의 분비 각각 $535.2{\pm}198.2pg/ml$, $412.5{\pm}48.2pg/ml$ 로 양군 사이의 차이는 없었다. 흥미롭게도 EGFP 발현은 치료군에서 오히려 높게 나타났으며, 공초점 형광현미경관찰에서 대부분의 고유근층하 대식세포에서 증가되어 있음을 알 수 있었다. 이상의 결과로 루테올린의 경구 투여는 DSS 유발 염증성 장질환 모델에서 대장 점막 염증을 억제하는 대체 요법으로써의 치료효과는 관찰할 수 없었으며, 향후 항염증작용이 있다고 알려져있는 플라보노이드 물질의 개발에 신중함이 있어야 할 것으로 사료된다.

• 대한한방부인과학회지
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• 제21권3호
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• pp.34-59
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• 2008

Purpose: This study was performed to investigate the inhibiting effects of Gungguijohyeoleum on the development of experimentally-induced endometriosis in rats. Methods: Endometriosis was induced in rats by autotransplanting uterine tissue to the peritoneum and we divided them into three groups: (1) sham-operated group(n=8), (2) surgically induced endometriosis and untreated control group(n=8), (3) surgically induced endometriosis and Gungguijohyeoleum treated group(n=8), Gungguijohyeoleum was orally administrated for 15 days after operation. Then we measured the body weight, the volumes of endometriotic implants, the weight of uterus and ovary, and investigated the concentrations of cytokines(MCP-1, $TNF-{\alpha}$, $IL-1{\beta}$, IL-6) in peritoneal fluids. Histopathology, immunohistochemistry for COX-2 and VEGF, and histochemistry for mast cell in transplanted uterine tissue were performed. Results: - The volume ($mm^3$) of endometriotic implants in Gungguijohyeoleum treated group ($76.4{\pm}24.5$) was significantly decreased(p<0.05) compared with control group($222.1{\pm}109.1$). - The concentration (pg/ml) of MCP-1 in peritoneal fluids in Gungguijohyeoleum treated group ($1060.8{\pm}280.8$) was significantly decreased(p<0.05) compared with control group($1412.5{\pm}345.7$). - The concentration (pg/ml) of $TNF-{\alpha}$ in peritoneal fluids in Gungguijohyeoleum treated group ($827.5{\pm}219.9$) was significantly decreased(p<0.01) compared with control group($1126.2{\pm}139.9$). - The concentration (pg/ml) of $IL-1{\beta}$ in peritoneal fluids in Gungguijohyeoleum treated group($83.4{\pm}9.0$) was significantly decreased(p<0.01) compared with control group($105.3{\pm}17.6$). - The concentration (pg/ml) of IL-6 in peritoneal fluids in Gungguijohyeoleum treated group($108.9{\pm}15.7$) was decreased compared with control group($122.8{\pm}19.3$). - Histopathologically, proliferation of endometriotic epithelia, infiltration of inflammatory cells and angiogenesis in transplanted uterine tissue of Gungguijohyeoleum treated group were weakly observed than those of control group. - The percentage(%) of positive epithelial layers for COX-2 in Gungguijohyeoleum treated group($56.8{\pm}12.8$) was significantly decreased(p<0.01) compared with control group($75.1{\pm}16.3$). -The VEGF expression of endometriotic epithelia, neovascular endothelia and stromal cells in transplanted uterine tissue of Gungguijohyeoleum treated group was weakly observed than that of control group. - The numbers of mast cells in transplanted uterine tissue in Gungguijohyeoleum treated group($35.4{\pm}18.4$) were significantly decreased(p<0.01) compared with control group ($91.0{\pm}28.3$). Conclusion: On the basis of these results, we concluded that Gungguijohyeoleum has inhibiting effects on the development of transplanted uterine tissue. And these effects may be related with decreased production of MCP-1, $TNF-{\alpha}$, $IL-1{\beta}$, COX-2, VEGF and mast cells by administration of Gungguijohyeoleum.

• 농촌의학ㆍ지역보건
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• 제47권2호
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• pp.67-77
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• 2022

본 연구는 2021년 1월에서 10월까지 경주고당센터에서 당뇨병 환자 57명과 당뇨병 전단계 환자 14명을 대상으로 실시한 자가혈당측정 기반의 개별 맞춤형 프로그램의 효과를 확인하기 위하여 수행되었다. 자가혈당측정 기반의 개별 맞춤형 프로그램은 12주 동안 2주 간격으로 7차 교육이 실시되도록 구성되었으며 1차와 7차 교육을 제외한 대부분의 교육은 전화로 진행되었다. 교육내용은 자가혈당측정 및 활용, 올바른 약물복용법, 저혈당 예방과 대처법, 합병증예방과 관리, 당뇨식사관리, 식사일지작성, 식사유형분석 등을 포함하고, 교육시간은 대상자마다 상이하여 20분에서 1시간까지 소요되었다. 프로그램 동안 대상자들은 자가혈당 측정치를 '송아리당뇨' 앱에 기록하였고 담당간호사와 영양사는 기록된 혈당치를 근거로 개별 맞춤형 혈당관리방법을 교육하였다. 교육의 효과를 판정하기 위해 사전, 사후 설문평가 및 당화혈색소 검사가 실시되었다. 당뇨병 지식(20점 만점)은 14.77점에서 15.41점으로, 건강행태(40점 만점)는 25.50점에서 28.40점으로, 자가혈당 측정경험(6점 만점)은 2.70점에서 4.81점으로 증가하였고 모두 통계적으로 유의하였다. 당화혈색소는 1차 평가(n=67명)에서는 7.38%에서 6.73%로, 2차 평가(n=53명)에서는 7.27%에서 6.67%로 감소하였고, 체질량지수도 24.47kg/m²에서 24.01kg/m²로 감소하여 모두 통계적으로 유의하였다. 사후 당화혈색소는 혈당측정치활용도(r=-0.415) 및 사후 건강행태(r=-0.313)와 음의 상관관계가 있었고, 혈당측정치 활용도는 사후 건강행태(r=0.581) 및 사후 당뇨병 지식(r=0.493)과 양의 상관관계가 있었다. 결과적으로 본 프로그램은 당뇨병 환자와 당뇨병 전단계 환자의 혈당관리에 효과적이며, 사후 당화혈색소는 혈당측정치 활용도와 관련성이 있으며 혈당측정치 활용도는 사후 건강행태와 관련성이 있었다. 이러한 연구결과로 볼 때, 자가혈당측정 기반의 개별 맞춤형 프로그램은 대상자들의 혈당관리에 효과적으로 기여한 것으로 사료된다.

• 천문학회지
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• 제46권1호
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• pp.1-32
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• 2013

We construct several Milky Way-like galaxy models containing a gas halo (as well as gaseous and stellar disks, a dark matter halo, and a stellar bulge) following either an isothermal or an NFW density profile with varying mass and initial spin. In addition, galactic winds associated with star formation are tested in some of the simulations. We evolve these isolated galaxy models using the GADGET-3 N-body/hydrodynamic simulation code, paying particular attention to the effects of the gaseous halo on the evolution. We find that the evolution of the models is strongly affected by the adopted gas halo component, particularly in the gas dissipation and the star formation activity in the disk. The model without a gas halo shows an increasing star formation rate (SFR) at the beginning of the simulation for some hundreds of millions of years and then a continuously decreasing rate to the end of the run at 3 Gyr. Whereas the SFRs in the models with a gas halo, depending on the density profile and the total mass of the gas halo, emerge to be either relatively flat throughout the simulations or increasing until the middle of the run (over a gigayear) and then decreasing to the end. The models with the more centrally concentrated NFW gas halo show overall higher SFRs than those with the isothermal gas halo of the equal mass. The gas accretion from the halo onto the disk also occurs more in the models with the NFW gas halo, however, this is shown to take place mostly in the inner part of the disk and not to contribute significantly to the star formation unless the gas halo has very high density at the central part. The rotation of a gas halo is found to make SFR lower in the model. The SFRs in the runs including galactic winds are found to be lower than those in the same runs but without winds. We conclude that the effects of a hot gaseous halo on the evolution of galaxies are generally too significant to be simply ignored. We also expect that more hydrodynamical processes in galaxies could be understood through numerical simulations employing both gas disk and gas halo components.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제31권5호
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• pp.686-695
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• 2018

Objective: The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of dietary choline supplementation on hepatic lipid metabolism and gene expression in finishing pigs with intrauterine growth retardation (IUGR). Methods: Using a $2{\times}2$ factorial design, eight normal birth weight (NBW) and eight IUGR weaned pigs were fed either a basal diet (NBW pigs fed a basal diet, NC; IUGR pigs fed a basal diet, IC) or a diet supplemented with two times more choline than the basal diet (NBW pigs fed a high-choline diet, NH; IUGR pigs fed a high-choline diet, IH) until 200 d of age. Results: The results showed that the IUGR pigs had reduced body weight compared with the NBW pigs (p<0.05 from birth to d 120; p = 0.07 from d 120 to 200). Increased (p<0.05) free fatty acid (FFA) and triglyceride levels were observed in the IUGR pigs compared with the NBW pigs. Choline supplementation decreased (p<0.05) the levels of FFAs and triglycerides in the serum of the pigs. The activities of malate dehydrogenase and glucose 6-phosphate dehydrogenase were both increased (p<0.05) in the livers of the IUGR pigs. Choline supplementation decreased (p<0.05) malate dehydrogenase activity in the liver of the pigs. Gene expression of fatty acid synthase (FAS) was higher (p<0.05) in the IC group than in the other groups, and choline supplementation decreased (p<0.05) FAS and acetyl-CoA carboxylase ${\alpha}$ expression in the livers of the IUGR pigs. The expression of carnitine palmitoyl transferase 1A (CPT1A) was lower (p<0.05) in the IC group than in the other groups, and choline supplementation increased (p<0.05) the expression of CPT1A in the liver of the IUGR pigs and decreased (p<0.01) the expression of hormone-sensitive lipase in both types of pigs. The gene expression of phosphatidylethanolamine N-methyltransferase (PEMT) was higher (p<0.05) in the IC group than in the other groups, and choline supplementation significantly reduced (p<0.05) PEMT expression in the liver of the IUGR pigs. Conclusion: In conclusion, the lipid metabolism was abnormal in IUGR pigs, but the IUGR pigs consuming twice the normal level of choline had improved circulating lipid parameters, which could be related to the decreased activity of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate-generating enzymes or the altered expressions of lipid metabolism-related genes.

• Nutrition Research and Practice
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• 제8권6호
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• pp.705-712
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• 2014

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: Dietary guidelines for Korean children were released in 2009. The goal of the present study was to examine diet quality in terms of adherence to these dietary guidelines as well as explore the association between guideline adherence and risk of obesity in Korean children. SUBJECTS/METHODS: Children aged 5-11 years (mean age = 8.9 years old, n = 191, 80.6% girls) were recruited from a university hospital in Seoul, Korea. Adherence to dietary guidelines for Korean children was calculated using the Likert scale (1-5), and children were then categorized into low, moderate, and high groups based on adherence scores. Obesity or being overweight was determined based on an age- and gender-specific percentile for body mass index (BMI) of the 2007 Korean National Growth Charts. Diet quality was evaluated from 3 days of dietary intake data. RESULTS: Children in the high adherence group were characterized by significantly lower BMI percentiles and paternal BMIs as well as higher percentages of fathers with a high level of education and higher household incomes compared to those in the low or moderate group. Children in the high adherence group consumed significantly higher amounts of milk and dairy products, were less likely to consume lower than the EAR of phosphorus and iron, and had higher NARs for calcium, phosphorus, iron, zinc, and MAR than those in low groups. The ORs for obesity ($BMI{\geq}95^{th}$ percentile) or being overweight including obesity ($BMI{\geq}85^{th}$ percentile) were significantly lower in the high adherence group compared to the low adherence group (OR: 0.33, 95% CI = 0.13-0.82, P for trend = 0.019; OR: 0.26, 95% CI: 0.11-0.61 P for trend = 0.002). CONCLUSIONS: Korean children who adhered to dietary guidelines displayed better diet quality and a reduced risk of obesity.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제30권8호
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• pp.1143-1149
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• 2017

Objective: The objective of the present study was to determine whether mango saponin (MS) could be used as a feed additive in broiler chicks by evaluating growth performance, carcass characteristics, meat quality, and plasma biochemical indices. Methods: A total of 216 1-d-old Arbor Acres male broiler chicks were randomly assigned into three dietary treatments supplemented with 0 (control), 0.14% (MS 0.14%), or 0.28% (MS 0.28%) MS. Each treatment had six replicates (cages) with 12 chicks each. The feeding trial lasted for six weeks. Results: Compared with the control, dietary supplemented with 0.14% or 0.28% MS increased average daily weight gain of chicks in the grower (22 to 42 d) and the whole (1 to 42 d) phases, and the final body weight of chicks on d 42 was higher in MS supplemented groups (p<0.05). Lower $L_{45min}{^{\star}}$ (lightness) and $L_{24h}{^{\star}}$ values, lower $b_{24h}{^{\star}}$ (yellowness) value, and higher $a_{45min}{^{\star}}$ (redness) and $a_{24h}{^{\star}}$ values of the breast muscle were observed in chicks fed with 0.28% MS on d 42 (p<0.05). The total antioxidant capacity in plasma increased in MS 0.14% group on d 21 (p<0.001). Lower contents of plasma total cholesterol and triglyceride were observed in chicks fed with 0.28% MS on d 21 and d 42, whereas the group supplemented with 0.14% MS only decreased plasma triglyceride content on d 21 (p<0.05). The glucose content in plasma decreased in MS 0.28% group on d 42 (p<0.001). Conclusion: Overall, MS could be used as a feed additive in broiler chicks, and the supplemental level of 0.28% MS in diet could improve growth performance, meat quality, and plasma lipid metabolism in broiler chicks.