• Preventive Nutrition and Food Science
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.111-117
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• 2005

Radical scavenging activity of water and methanol extracts of mulberry juice and cake prepared from mulberry fruit (Morus spp.) was evaluated using three in vitro assay systems. Mulberry fruits were homogenized with $0.5\%$ trifluoroacetic acid (TFA) in distilled water, filtered with cheeze-cloth and centrifuged to yield mulberry juice and cake. Mulberry juice was evaporated and solubilized in $0.5\%$ TFA in distilled water or $0.5\%$ TFA in $80\%$ aqueous methanol, followed by filtration and evaporation to obtain water (WMJ) and methanol (MMJ) extracts of mulberry juice. Mulberrry cake also was extracted with the above same solvents, and thereby finally obtaining water (WMC) and methanol (MMC) extracts of mulberry cake. Among four extracts, the MMC showed the most potent radical scavenging activity against DPPH radical $(IC_{50}=167.45\;{\mu}g/mL)$, and superoxide $(IC_{50}=36.18\;{\mu}g/mL)$ and hydroxyl radicals $(IC_{50}=467.08\;{\mu}g/mL)$. The WMC also exhibited stronger radical scavenging activity than those of two other mulberry juice extract, WMJ and MMJ. Meanwhile, the MMJ exerted stronger three radical scavenging activity than the WMJ. Total phenolic content of the water and MeOH extracts from mulberry cake was higher than that of the water and MeOH extracts from mulberry juice. Thus, these results suggest that the extracts of mulberry cake with high dietary phenolics may be useful potential source of natural antioxidant as radical scavenger.

• Food Science and Preservation
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• v.6 no.1
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• pp.104-109
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• 1999

Ethyl acetate, methanol, water extract and their fractions from chestnut flower(Castancea crenata) were tested for antimicrobial activities. Yields of prebloomed chestnut flower extracts were 13.84, 12.90 and 1.82% in methanol, water and ethyl acetate, and those of the postbloomed were 13.12, 11.75 and 1.18%, respectively. Methanol extract from the chestnut flower was fractionated by solvents using hexane, chloroform, ethyl acetate, n-butanol and water, yields of those fractions were 0.16, 0.08, 1.94, 4.75 and 6.91% in the prebloomed, and were 0.90, 0.13, 1.40, 3.42 and 7.18% in the postbloomed. In the solvent extracts of water, ethyl acetate and methanol, methanol extract showed the most effective antimicrobial activity, antimicrobial activity of ethyl acetate fraction of methanol extract was stronger than others. Minimum inhibitory concentration of ethyl acetate fractions from the prebloomed showed 100, 140, 100 and 90ppm against Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus mutans, Echerichia coli and Salmonella typhimurium, in fractions from the postbloomed were 140, 140, 100 and 150ppm, respectively. Growth of all the strains was completely inhibited to 30 hours in a 150ppm concentration. E. coli sells treated with ethyl acetate fraction was collapsed severely.

• Mycobiology
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• v.37 no.3
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• pp.203-206
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• 2009

To develop new antidementia nutraceuticals, a potent acetylcholinesterase (AChE)-inhibiting extract was screened from various extracts of nutritional mushrooms and lichens nutritional and its physicochemical properties were investigated. Among the several extracts tested, methanol extracts of Umbilicaria esculenta fruiting body showed the highest AChE inhibitory activity of 22.4%. U. esculenta AChE inhibitor was maximally extracted when fruiting bodies were treated with 80% methanol at $40^{\circ}C$ for 18 h. The methanol extracts contained 18.9% crude lipid, 18.8% crude protein, and 11.6% total sugar. In addition, they contained 444 mg/g glutamic acid, 44 mg/g histidine, and 41 mg/g aspartic acid. The methanol extracts were soluble in a solution of methanol and 20% dimethylsulfoxide, insoluble in n-hexane, chloroform, and water, and were stable at $20{\sim}60^{\circ}C$ and pH $1.0{\sim}5.0$ for 1 h.

• The Korean Journal of Community Living Science
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.3-9
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• 2005

The study was carried out to evaluate the antimutagenic and anticancer effects of small water dropwort. The methanol extracts from small water dropwort significantly reduced the mutagenicity induced by aflatoxin $B_1\;(AFB_1)$ and N-methyl-N'-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine(MNNG) in Salmonella typhimutium TA 100. Also, the methanol extracts inhibited the growth of AZ-521 human gastric cancer cells and HT-29 colon cancer cells. The chloroform fraction from methanol extracts of small water dropwort inhibited $40\;to\;80\%$ of the mutagenicity by $AFB_1$ in Sal. typhimurium TA 100 by the addition of 2.5 to $10\%$. To separate active compounds, the chloroform fraction was subjected to column chromatography on a silica gel and separated into five fractions. Among the five fractions, fraction 4 showed the highest antimutagenic effect against $AFB_1$ and an anticancer effect in the HT-29 colon cancer cell. As the result of the analysis in GC-MS, 1-napthalene carbonitrile, 5,6,7,8-tetrahydrol and benzene, 1,1'-(1,4-pentadiene-1,5-diyl) bis-,(E,E) were identified potentially from fraction 4.

• Korean journal of food and cookery science
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• v.12 no.4
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• pp.493-498
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• 1996

The effective extraction of antioxidative substances from soybeans was studied by the mixed solvents of methanol or ethanol with water at 30$^{\circ}C$ and 85$^{\circ}C$. At accelerated peroxidation condition, POV (peroxide value) of soybean oil and TBARS (thiobarbituric acid reactive substances) value of egg yolk liposome with extracts added, were applied for the evaluation of antioxidative activity of the extracts. In the peroxidation of soybean oil, antioxidative substance of soybeans was extracted more effectively by methanol and at higher temperature 85$^{\circ}C$, and the deffated and roasted soybean extract (DRS) showed higher antioxidative activity. But in the Peroxidation of egg yolk liposome, methanol extract from the roasted soybeans (ROS) showed higher activity.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.33 no.4
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• pp.609-613
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• 2004

This study was investigated on antioxidant activities of water, methanol and ether extracts of clove. The extraction yields of water, methanol and ether extracts were 34.7, 21.4 and 17.0%, respectively. Total phenolic contents of water, methanol and ether extracts were 23.1, 55.7 and 34.9%, respectively. Eugenol contents were 6.1 and 8.1% in methanol and ether extracts, but it was not detected in water extract. Electron donating abilities of water, methanol and ether extract were 36.1, 30.9 and 29.7%, respectively. In linoleic aicd system, the ether extract showed more high antioxidant activity than water and methanol extracts. The antioxidant activity of ether extract was almost equal that of $\alpha$-tocopherol, but weaker than that of BHT In linoleic acid emulsion system, the water extract showed higher or stronger antioxidant activity than methanol and ether extracts. Antioxidant activities in linoleic acid emulsion substrates were in order of BHT ＞water extract＞methanol extract＞ether extract＞ $\alpha$-tocopherol.

• Preventive Nutrition and Food Science
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• v.16 no.4
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• pp.321-327
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• 2011

Water, methanol and ethanol extracts of ginseng leaves were assayed for total phenolics and flavonoids, ascorbic acid, cupric and ferrous ion chelating activities, 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging activity, ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) assay and ABTS radical cation decolourization (TEAC) assay for their antioxidant properties. The ethanol extract of ginseng leaves contained significantly (p<0.05) higher amounts of total phenolics and flavonoids (600.57 and 1701 mg/100 g) than methanol (374.43 and 1512.64 mg/100 g) and water extracts (248.30 and 680.05 mg/100 g). Among solvent extracts of ginseng leaves, the ethanol extract showed the most powerful antioxidant activities. However, the ferrous ion chelating activity of ginseng leaf extracts were lower than the cupric ion chelating ability. These differences in concentrations of key antioxidants among various solvent extracts seemed to be responsible for their differences in antioxidant activities. These results suggest that ethanol extract of ginseng leaves has the most effective antioxidant capacity compared to the methanol and water extracts tested in the present study. Thus, it can be applied for the effective extraction of functional material from ginseng leaves for the usage of pharmaceutical and/or food industries.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.28 no.6
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• pp.1321-1325
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• 1999

The inhibitory effect of Ramaria botrytis on the mutagenicity in Salmonella assay and cytotoxicity on cancer cell were studied. Ramaria botrytis methanol extracts showed antimutagenic effects of 60~90% on B(a)P and AFB1 in S. typhimurium TA98 and TA100. These extracts showed 73~85% antimutagenicity on TA100 against MNNG. The methanol extracts with strong antimutagenic activities were further fractionated by ethylacetate and water, the ethylacetate fraction were found to be stronger antimutagen icity against MNNG than water fraction. Ramaria botrytis methanol extracts and ethylacetate fraction revealed the highest cytoxicity against HT 29 human colon adenocarcinoma cells in which cell growth was inhibited by 57~88% and 69~94% at 0.25~1.0mg/ml, respectively. These methanol extract and ethyl acetate fraction exhibited 53~79% and 66~87% inhibition against HepG2 human hepatocarcinoma cells, respectively. But water fraction showed only 10~24% inhibition. However, these extract and fractions did not show cytotoxic effect against human chang liver cells. From these results, it is considered that Ramaria botrytis has stronger antimutagenic and anticancer effects in vitro.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.51 no.4
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• pp.322-328
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• 2006

A series of methanol extracts from leaf and root parts in spring- and winter-barley plants were assayed to determine their allelopathy and antioxidant activity. The methanol extracts applied on filter paper in a Petri-dish significantly inhibited root growth of Chinese milkvetch (Astragalus sinicus L.) seedlings. Leaf extracts at 25 and 50 g $L^{-1}$ inhibited root growth of Chinese milkvetch seedlings more than root extracts. No difference in phytotoxic effects of spring- and winter-barley seedlings extracts on root growth of Chinese milkvetch was observed. Methanol extracts dose-dependently increased DPPH free radical scavenging activity in vitro. DPPH free radical scavenging activity was higher in the methanol extracts from winter-barley seedlings than in those from spring-barley seedlings, and from leaf extracts than from root extracts. The antioxidant potential of the individual fraction from the methanol extracts of spring-barley seedlings was in order of n-butanol>ethyl acetate>water>chloroform>n-hexane fraction. By means of HPLC analysis, spring-barley (200.62 mg $100g^{-1}$) had more amount of total phenol acid than winter-barley (114.08 mg $100g^{-1}$). Especially, ferulic acid was detected in spring-barley extract (183.46 mg $100g^{-1}$) as the greatest amount. These results suggest that early seedlings of barley plants had potent allelopathy and antioxidant activity, and their activities were differently exhibited depending on plant parts and growing condition.

• Preventive Nutrition and Food Science
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• v.7 no.4
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• pp.386-396
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• 2002

This study screened 76 Korean traditional patent medicines and 58 medicinal herbs for antimicrobial activity against pathogenic bacteria. Among the prescriptions methanol and hot water extracts of Samsoum, Chujunghwang-yont'ang, and Sashinhwan showed antimicrobial activities against E. coli and Chujunghwang-yont'ang showed the strongest antimicrobial activity. Among the medicinal herbs, hot water and methanol extracts of Terminalia chebula, Caesalpinia sappan, and Coptis chinensis showed the strongest antimicrobial activities against Escherichia coli O157, Staphylococcus aureus, Shigella flexnery, Shigella sonnei and Salmonella typhimurium. An interesting characteristic of the traditional medicines such as Samsoum, Chujunghwang-yont'ang, and Sashinhwan was that both methanol and hot water extracts were active. Chujunghwang-yont'ang exhibited the strongest antimicrobial activities against the microorganisms tested. Water and methanol extracts of Terminalia chebula, Caesalpinia sappan, and Coptis chinensis showed the strong of inhibitory effects on the growth of all microorganisms tested.