• 통합자연과학논문집
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• 제1권3호
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• pp.189-191
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• 2008

Alkylation, carbonylation and cyclization reaction using transition metal(or inner-) complexes as reducing agents or catalysts were investigated.

• International Journal of Automotive Technology
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• 제6권6호
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• pp.591-598
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• 2005

A three-way catalyst system of a natural gas vehicle (NGV) has characteristics of higher fuel consumption and higher thermal load than a lean-bum catalyst system. To meet stringent emission standards in the future, NGV with the lean-bum engine may need a catalyst system to reduce the amounts of HC, CO and NOx emission, although natural gas system has low emission characteristics. We conducted experiments to evaluate the conversion efficiency of the NOx reduction catalyst for the lean-burn natural gas engine. The NOx reduction catalysts were prepared with the ${\gamma}-Al_{2}O_3$ washcoat including Ba based on Pt, Pd and Rh precious metal. In the experiments, effective parameters were space velocity, spike duration of the rich condition, and the temperature of flowing model gas. From the results of the experiments, we found that the temperature for maximum NOx reduction was around $450^{\circ}C$, and the space velocity for optimum NOx reduction was around $30,000\;h^{-1}$ And we developed an evaluation model of the NOx reduction catalyst to evaluate the conversion performance of each other catalysts.

• International Journal of Automotive Technology
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• 제8권6호
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• pp.667-674
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• 2007

Various types of NOx storage catalysts for NGV's were designed, manufactured, and tested in this work on a model gas test bench. As in most of other studies on NOx storage catalyst, alkaline earth metal barium(Ba) was used as the NOx adsorbing substance. The barium-based experimental catalysts were designed to contain different amounts of Ba and precious metals at various ratios. Reaction tests were performed to investigate the NOx storage capacity and the NOx conversion efficiency of the experimental catalysts. From the results, it was found that when Ba loading of a catalyst was increased, the quantity of NOx stored in the catalyst increased in the high temperature range over 350. With more Ba deposition, the NOx conversion efficiency as well as its peak value increased in the high temperature range, but decreased in the low temperature range. The best of de-NOx catalyst tested in this study was catalyst B, which was loaded with 42.8 g/L of Ba in addition to Pt, Pd and Rh in the ratio of 7:7:1. In the low temperature range under $450^{\circ}C$, the NOx conversion efficiencies of the catalysts were lower when $CH_4$, instead of either $C_3H_6$ or $C_3H_8$, was used as the reductant.

• 한국환경과학회지
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• 제13권6호
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• pp.537-542
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• 2004

$V_{2}O_{5}/TiO_{2}$ catalysts promoted with Mn were prepared and tested for selective catalytic reduction of NOx in $NH_3.$ The effects of promoter content, degree of catalyst loading were investigated for NOx activity while changing temperatures, mole ratio, space velocity and $O_2$ concentration. Among the various $V-{2}O_{5}$ catalysts having different metal loadings, $V-{2}O_{5}$(1 wt.%) catalyst showed the highest activity(98%) under wide temperature range of $200-250^{\circ}C.$ When the $V-{2}O_{5}$ catalyst was further modified with 5 wt.% Mn as a promoter, the highest activity(90-47%) was obtained over the low temperature windows of $100-200^{\circ}C.$ From Mn-$V_{2}O_{5}/TiO_{2}$, it was found that by addition of 5 wt.% Mn on $V_{2}O_{5}/TiO_{2}$ catalyst, reduction activity of catalyst was improved, which resulted in the increase of catalytic activity and NOx reduction. According to the results, NOx removal decreased for 10%, but the reaction temperature down to $100^{\circ}C.$

• 한국수소및신에너지학회논문집
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• 제14권1호
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• pp.69-80
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• 2003

Nickel catalyst has been used for natural gas reforming with carbon dioxide, In this study, catalyst support used was HY zeolite. The optimum loading of Ni in the catalysts was 13 wt%. The effect of promoters, such as Mg, Mn, and K, was also studied. The addition of promoters to Ni catalyst improved the stability of catalysts and carbon deposition on Ni catalyst was suppressed. The reforming reactivity of promoter-added Ni catalyst was higher than that of Ni catalyst without any promoters. SEM, XRD, BET, TGA and FTIR tests were tried to characterize the catalyst structure before and after reaction.

• 한국수소및신에너지학회논문집
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• 제22권4호
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• pp.415-423
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• 2011

HI decomposition step certainly demand catalytic reaction for efficient production of hydrogen in SI process. Platinum catalyst can apply to HI decomposition reaction as well as hydrogenation or dehydrogenation. Generally, noble metal is used as catalyst which is loaded form for getting high dispersion and wide active area. In this study, Pt was loaded onto zirconia, ceria, alumina, and silica by impregnation method. HI decomposition reaction was carried out under the condition of $450^{\circ}C$, 1atm, and $167.76h^{-1}$ (WHSV) in a fixed bed reactor for measuring catalytic activity. And property of a catalyst was observed by BET, TEM, XRD and chemisoption analysis. On the basis of experimental results, we discussed about conversion of HI according to physical properties of the loaded Pt catalyst onto each support.

• 한국응용과학기술학회지
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• 제33권1호
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• pp.129-135
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• 2016

Cu-Mn과 Cu-Zn 촉매를 침전제로 다르게 하거나, 금속의 몰비율, 소성온도를 다르게 하여 공침법으로 제조하였고 CO산화반응을 수행하여 혼합산화물 촉매에서 Cu, Mn 과 Zn의 영향 및 소성온도가 미치는 영향을 조사하였다. 촉매의 물리 화학적 특성을 알아보기 위하여 XRD, $N_2$ 흡착 및 SEM의 분석을 수행하였다. $Na_2CO_3$로 침전시켜 $270^{\circ}C$로 소성하여 제조한 2Cu-1Mn 산화물 촉매가 저온에서 CO 산화반응 활성이 가장 좋았으며 2Cu-1Mn 산화물 촉매는 $43m^2/g$으로 가장 높은 비표면적과 촉매 활성을 나타내었다. XRD로 촉매의 결정구조를 분석하였을 때 $Cu_{0.5}Mn_{2.5}O_4$의 결정구조를 갖는 촉매는 낮은 활성을 보였다. $270^{\circ}C$에서 소성한 촉매가 좋은 활성을 나타냈으며 Pt 촉매와 비교하여도 저온에서 CO산화반응이 더욱 우수함을 알 수 있었다.

• 전기화학회지
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• 제23권4호
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• pp.90-96
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• 2020

수소의 화학반응 에너지를 직접 전기 에너지로 변환하는 Polymer electolyte membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs)는 친환경 미래 운송수단 에너지원의 한 종류이다. PEMFCs의 내부에 산소 환원 반응이 매우 느리고 고가의 백금을 사용하기 때문에 이를 대체하려는 연구가 국내외에서 매우 활발히 연구되고 있다. 하지만 백금이외에 값싼 재료를 이용한 촉매의 경우 여전히 성능이 매우 상이하며 활성 향상에 대한 지표 등이 다양하다. 이에 본 총설은 non-precious metal catalyst (NPMC)의 활성 지표 등을 정리하고 최근 5년간의 자료를 요약하였다. 이를 통해 촉매재료의 선별, 합성시 주안점, 조촉매 등을 설명하며, 촉매 활성에 대한 연구의 필요성을 상기 시킬 수 있다. 이를 통해 귀금속 촉매가 널리 사용되는 분야에 적용할 수 있는 NPMC의 연구 및 개발에 기여할 수 있을 것으로 보인다. 또한 향후 연구개발의 최종적인 목표를 기술한다.

• Korean Chemical Engineering Research
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• 제60권1호
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• pp.151-158
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• 2022

고가의 귀금속 촉매는 고분자 전해질 연료전지의 상업화에 걸림돌로 인식되어 저가의 비귀금속 촉매 연구가 활발하다. 본 연구에서는 Fe-N-C 촉매를 킬레이팅이 가능한 4가지 다른 질소 전구체 N,N,N',N'-detramethylethylenediamine(TMEDA), 1,2-ethylenediamine (EDA), m-dicyanobenzene (DCB), dicyandiamide (DCDA)를 이용하여 700, 800, 900, 1000 ℃에서 합성하였다. 촉매의 물리적 특성은 주사전자현미경, X선 회절분석기, 자동원소분석기를 이용하여 분석하였다. 이를 통해 촉매 표면 형태 및 원소의 분산도와 에너지 분산형 X-선 분광을 적용하여 Fe의 함량을 확인하였다. 또한 비금속 원소의 함량과 Fe의 담지 여부 등을 확인하였다. 전기화학적 특성은 순환 전압전류법과 선형주사전위법을 통해 촉매의 전기화학적 산소 환원에 대한 활성과 전자전달수 등을 분석하였다. 결과에 따르면 질소 전구체로 EDA를 사용하여 800 ℃의 소성온도에서 합성한 촉매가 가장 높은 산소 환원 활성을 보였다. 이 연구 결과는 고가의 귀금속을 대체하기 위한 노력에 도움이 될 것으로 예상된다.

• 한국신재생에너지학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국신재생에너지학회 2009년도 춘계학술대회 논문집
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• pp.727-730
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• 2009

Highly active and stable nano-sized Ni catalysts supported on MgO-$Al_2O_3$ calcined from hydrotalcite-like materials have been successfully developed with a strong metal to support interaction (SMSI) to enhance the coke resistance in combined $H_2O$ and $CO_2$ reforming of $CH_4$ (CSCRM) for syngas ($H_2$/CO=2) production. The change of the surface area and NiO crystallite size with varying the pre-calcination temperature of support and Mgo content was investigated in relation to the coke resistance. As increasing the pre-calcination temperature, the surface area decreases and the metal to support interaction becomes weak. As a consequence, the coke deposition was more severe on catalysts pre-calcined at high temperature. It was concluded that highly dispersed Ni metal in the surface of Ni/MgO-$Al_2O_3$ catalyst (MgO=30 wt%) pre-calcined at $800^{\circ}C$ had a strong metal to support interaction (SMSI) resulting in an increase of coke resistance and high activity.