• 한국보건간호학회지
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• 제33권1호
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• pp.20-32
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• 2019

Objectives: This study identified biopsychosocial factors associated with metabolic syndrome among Korean men and women aged over 40 years. Methods: Secondary data from the 2010-2016 Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey were used for this study. Based on the biopsychosocial model, psychosocial factors (stress, depression, smoking, binge alcohol consumption, physical activity) were assessed with control of biomedical (age, body mass index, family history of hypertension, dyslipidemia, type 2 diabetes mellitus, and cardiovascular disease) and biosocial factors (educational level and economic status). Data from 8,624 men and 7,321 women were analyzed by logistic regression analysis using a complex sample procedure. Results: Among men, current or past smoking habits (Adjusted Odds Ratio [AOR]: 1.349; 95% Confidence Interval [CI]: 1.155-1.575, p<.001) and binge alcohol consumption (AOR: 1.570, CI: 1.389-1.774, p<.001) were associated with metabolic syndrome. In addition, moderate (AOR: 1.205, CI: 1.038-1.400, p=.014) and low levels of physical activity (AOR: 1.296, CI: 1.109-1.514, p=.001) were associated with metabolic syndrome. Among women, low level of physical activity (AOR: 1.276, CI: 1.017-1.602, p=.036) was associated with metabolic syndrome. Conclusion: Gender specific interventions such as encouraging physical activity and prevention of smoking and excessive alcohol drinking are important to prevention of metabolic syndrome.

• Journal of Information Technology Applications and Management
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• 제30권1호
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• pp.71-80
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• 2023

The purpose of this study is to promote understanding of physical activity and metabolic syndrome in middle-aged adults and to provide basic data of interventions development for the prevention and management of metabolic syndrome. Using the 2020 data for Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 1,786 middle-aged adults between the ages of 40 and 64 with no missing data were analyzed. As a result of the study, 56.5(±2.1)% of men and 52.9(±1.81)% of women were sufficient activity group among physical activity, and the proportion of men was higher than that of women, but it was not statistically significant(t=1.27, p=.207). The prevalence of metabolic syndrome was 38.9(±2.1%) of men and 25.4(±1.5)% of women, the prevalence of men was significantly higher than that of women(t=5.12, p<.001). Compared to the insufficient activity group, the sufficient activity group had a 0.71(95% CI: 0.57~0.88) times the risk of developing low HDL(high density lipoprotein)- cholesterol(p=.002), and this pattern was maintained even after adjusting for age, education level, body mass index, smoking status, and drinking status(p=.002). Based on the results of this study, a physical activity and metabolic syndrome risk group in middle-aged adults should be selected, and physical activity promotion program to improve high density lipoprotein-cholesterol among metabolic syndrome indicators should be developed.

• 한국식품영양학회지
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• 제22권3호
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• pp.357-366
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• 2009

The principal objective of this study was to evaluate the association between plasma antioxidant levels and metabolic syndrome in male workers, and to provide basic information regarding the control and prevention of metabolic syndrome. We analyzed 163 male workers who had participated in annual medical examinations from January to December 2007. The subjects were classified into normal and metabolic syndrome groups according to the NCEP-ATP III criteria and the Asia-Pacific criteria for waist circumference. Anthropometric parameters, lifestyles, blood lipid profiles, and antioxidant levels were evaluated. As compared to the normal group, the metabolic syndrome group evidenced significantly higher plasma levels of $\alpha$- tocopherol(p<0.05) and retinol(p<0.05), but significantly lower plasma levels of lycopene(p<0.05) and $\beta$-carotene(p<0.05). This tendency was found to be predominantly attributable to increases in the number of metabolic syndrome components. In our simple regression analysis, higher plasma levels of $\alpha$-tocopherol($\beta$=0.001, p<0.01) and retinol($\beta$=0.021, p<0.001) were associated with significantly higher risks of metabolic syndrome, but lycopene($\beta$=-1.499, p<0.01) and $\beta$-carotene($\beta$=-0.048, p<0.01) were associated with significantly lower risks of metabolic syndrome. Retinol($\beta$=0.013, p<0.05) and $\beta$-carotene($beta$=-0.044, p<0.01) were associated significantly with metabolic syndrome, when adjusted for age and BMI. These data indicate that the plasma levels of $\alpha$-tocopherol, retinol, lycopene, and $\beta$-carotene are associated with metabolic syndrome. Specifically, low lycopene and $\beta$-carotene levels in the plasma appear to increase the risk of metabolic syndrome. Therefore, proper nutritional education programs for male workers are required to increase dietary intakes of antioxidant vitamins. Further studies will be necessary to determine whether antioxidant levels can be utilized as a predictive or a preventive factor.

• Nutrition Research and Practice
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• 제9권5호
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• pp.554-562
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• 2015

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study was to examine differences in nutrient intake and food consumption by the presence of metabolic syndrome in Korean adults. SUBJECTS/METHODS: Study subjects in this cross-sectional study were recruited from four outpatient clinics in and near the Seoul metropolitan area of South Korea between 2006 and 2012. A total of 668 subjects (413 men and 255 women) aged ${\geq}30y$ were included in the final data analyses. For each subject, daily nutrient intake and food consumption were calculated using three days of dietary intake data obtained from a combination of 24-hour recalls and dietary records. To evaluate food consumption, mean number of servings consumed per day and percentages of recommended number of servings for six food groups were calculated. Metabolic syndrome was defined using the National Cholesterol Education Program Adult Treatment Panel III criteria. The general linear model was performed to examine differences in nutrient intake and food consumption by sex and the presence of metabolic syndrome after adjustment for potential confounding variables. RESULTS: Nutrient intake did not differ by the presence of metabolic syndrome in both men and women. Men with metabolic syndrome had lower consumption and percentage of the recommendation for fruits compared with those without metabolic syndrome (1.6 vs. 1.1 servings/day, P-value = 0.001; 63.5 vs. 49.5%, P-value = 0.013). Women with metabolic syndrome showed lower consumption and percentage of the recommendation for dairy foods than those without metabolic syndrome (0.8 vs. 0.5 servings/day, P-value = 0.001; 78.6 vs. 48.9%, P-value = 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: Low intakes of fruits and dairy foods might be associated with the risk of having metabolic syndrome among Korean adults. Dietary advice on increasing consumption of these foods is needed to prevent and attenuate the risk of metabolic syndrome.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제52권3호
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• pp.268-276
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• 2019

본 연구의 목적은 건강한 한국 성인을 대상으로 손쉽게 측정 가능한 지표인 TG/HDL콜레스테롤 비에 영향을 주는 영양소 섭취 및 일반적 요소를 파악하고, 이 비와 대사 증후군과의 연관성을 통해 대사증후군을 미리 예측하기 위함이다. 본 연구는 2016년도 국민건강영양조사에 참여한 건강한 성인 2,828명을 대상으로 건강 설문조사, 식이 섭취 현황과 검진조사를 활용하여 TG/HDL콜레스테롤 비와 대사증후군 유무, 영양소 섭취와의 상관성을 알아보았다. 연구결과 TG/HDL콜레스테롤 비와 연관성이 있는 일반적 지표는 나이, 성별, 흡연, 음주 횟수, 혈압, 공복 시 혈당, 당화혈색소, 총콜레스테롤, 고밀도지단백콜레스테롤, 중성지방, 저밀도지단백콜레스테롤, 허리둘레, BMI, 고민감도 CRP, 요산, 크레아티닌, 요산/크레아티닌 비였다. 관련 요인을 보정한 후 분석한 결과 대사증후군 유무와 TG/HDL 콜레스테롤 비는 양의 상관관계를 보였고, 대사증후군 구성요소 중 공복 시 혈당, 중성지방, 고밀도지단백콜레스테롤이 이 비와 양의 상관성을 보였다. 영양소 섭취에서는 에너지와 당질 섭취량이 TG/HDL콜레스테롤 비와 연관성을 보였다. 특히 에너지 섭취량을 줄이는 것이 TG/HDL콜레스테롤 비를 낮추고 대사증후군의 위험성을 낮출 수 있음을 알 수 있다. 연구결과를 볼 때 TG/HDL콜레스테롤 비가 높은 일반인을 대상으로 하는 대사관련 영양 교육 및 보건 교육 관련 구체적인 프로그램의 실행이 필요함을 알 수 있다.

• 한국산학기술학회논문지
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• 제20권6호
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• pp.158-168
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• 2019

본 연구는 국민건강영양조사 제7기 1차년도(2016년) 자료를 이용하여 청소년의 대사증후군과 식생활, 신체활동 및 정신건강과의 관계를 파악 및 분석하여 청소년의 대사증후군 예방과 정신건강 증진을 위한 기초적 자료를 제공하는데 그 목적이 있다. 연구대상자의 연령은 만13세-만18세 청소년으로, 그 중 정상군은 남자 201명(52.6%), 여자 187명(47.4%)으로 나타났으며, 대사증후군은 남자 9명(56.4%), 여자 6명(43.6%)으로 총 403명으로 나타났다. 이에 청소년의 대사증후군과 식생활, 신체활동 및 정신건강과의 관계를 분석하여 연구한 결과, 청소년의 대사증후군에 미치는 주요 영향요인은 다음과 같다. 첫째, 신체특성에서 BMI가 1 증가할 때 마다 대사증후군 유병확률이 1.746배 증가하는 것으로 나타났다. 둘째, 식생활습관에서는 아침식사 빈도에서 주1-2회 식사 시 거의 안할 때 보다 대사증후군 유병확률이 0.87배 감소하는 것으로 나타났다. 셋째, 신체활동에서는 평소 하루 앉아있는 시간이 1시간 증가할 때 마다 대사증후군 유병확률이 1.054배 증가하는 것으로 나타났다. 넷째, 청소년의 대사증후군은 정신건강과의 관련성에 미치는 영향이 없는 것으로 나타났다. 따라서 향후 청소년을 중심으로 한 대사증후군 관련 연구에 있어서 식생활, 신체활동 및 정신건강 등에 관한 다양한 변수들의 개발을 통해 보다 확장된 연구가 필요할 것으로 판단되며 또한 청소년의 대사증후군 예방을 위한 식생활요인과 신체활동요인 및 정신건강요인을 접목한 효과적인 건강교육 중재 프로그램개발이 필요하다.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제56권1호
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• pp.70-85
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• 2023

본 연구는 40-69세 한국 성인 남녀를 대상으로 녹차섭취량에 따른 대사증후군 발생 위험을 조사하였으며, 연구 결과로 남녀 모두 녹차 섭취량이 증가할수록 대사증후군과 관련지표의 발병률이 감소하는 경향을 보였다. 특히 추가 보정을 진행한 결과에서 여성에서 대사증후군발생이 유의하게 감소하였다. 따라서 본 연구의 결과를 토대로 녹차 섭취가 대사증후군에 긍정적인 영향을 미치며, 이러한 결과를 기반으로 대사증후군 예방을 위한 녹차 섭취 수준에 대한 추가 연구가 필요하다. 한편 국내 녹차 시장은 녹차를 습관적으로 우려 마시는 사람들이 적고 녹차를 가공한 형태인 말차 (가루녹차)와 발효차 등 섭취 방법이 다양하므로 녹차의 효능 정보를 효과적으로 식단에 활용하기 위해서는 녹차를 활용한 가공품과 보조제에 대한 추가 연구가 필요하다.

• 사상체질의학회지
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• 제21권3호
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• pp.122-130
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• 2009

1. Objectives: The objective of this study is to investigate the relationship between adiponectin and metabolic syndrome according to Sasang Constitution. 2. Methods: Six hundred sixty six participants were included in this cohort study. Sex, age, BMI(Body Mass Index), smoking, drinking, adiponectin level and Metabolic syndrome components were considerd. Sasang constitutional diagnosis was carried out by a sasang constitutional specialist using photos, questionnaires and PSSC(Phonetic System for Sasang Classification). 3. Results: In binary logistic analysis after adjustment of age, sex, BMI, smoking, drinking, adiponectin level and sasang constitution were related with Metabolic syndrome. 4. Conclusions: We suggest that adiponectin and sasang constitution are the important biomarker in Metabolic syndorme.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• 제45권3호
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• pp.181-187
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• 2012

Objectives: Serum uric acid levels have been reported to be associated with a variety of cardiovascular conditions. However, the direct association between uric acid levels and metabolic syndrome remains controversial. Thus, we evaluated the association of serum uric acid levels and metabolic syndrome in a community-based cohort study in Korea. Methods: We performed cross-sectional analysis of baseline data of 889 males and 1491 females (aged 38 to 87) who participated in baseline examinations of the Korean Genome and Epidemiology Study: Kanghwa study. Blood samples were collected after at least an 8 hour fast. Uric acid quartiles were defined as follows: <4.8, 4.8-<5.6, 5.6-<6.5, ${\geq}6.5$ mg/dL in males; and <3.8, 3.8- <4.3, 4.3 - <5.1, ${\geq}5.1$ mg/dL in females. Metabolic syndrome was defined by the National Cholesterol Education Program Adult Treatment Panel III Criteria with adjusted waist circumference cutoffs (90 cm for males; 80 cm for females). The association between serum uric acid quartiles and metabolic syndrome was assessed using multivariate logistic regression. Results: The odds ratio for having metabolic syndrome in the highest versus lowest quartiles of serum uric acid levels was 2.67 (95% confidence interval [CI], 1.60 to 4.46) in males and 2.14 (95% CI, 1.50 to 3.05) in females after adjusting for age, smoking, alcohol intake, body mass index, total cholesterol, HbA1c, albumin, ${\gamma}$-glutamyltransferase, blood urea nitrogen, and log C-reactive protein. The number of metabolic abnormalities also increased gradually with increasing serum uric acid levels (adjusted p for trend < 0.001 in both sexes). Conclusions: Higher serum uric acid levels are positively associated with the presence of metabolic syndrome in Korean males and females.

• Journal of the Korean Data and Information Science Society
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• 제24권4호
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• pp.867-876
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• 2013

대사증후군은 심혈관질환의 발생을 증가시키는 주요 요인으로 알려져 왔다. 특히 만성적인 대사장애로 여러 질병이 한 개인에게서 복합되어 나타나는 대사증후군의 경우 우리나라에서도 유병률이 점차 증가하는 추세이다. 이에 본 연구는 다중인자 차원 축소 방법을 이용하여 대사증후군의 위험도를 확인하고 여러 대사증후군 진단 조합 중에서 가장 위험한 조합을 제시하는 데 목적을 둔다. 자료는 질병관리본부에서 실시한 제 5기 국민건강영양조사 1차년도 (2010년)자료를 이용하여 성인 중에서 분석방법에 적용이 가능한 3,990명을 대상자로 결정하였다. 다중인자 차원 축소 방법을 적용시킨 결과 대사증후군에 가장 위험한 단일 요인은 복부비만이었고, 복부비만을 포함한 대사증후군 진단 조합은 복부비만과 고지혈증, 고혈압이 가장 위험한 것으로 나타났다. 이것은 대사증후군의 새로운 진단 결과이다. 특히, 남성의 경우는 복부비만, 저 HDL-콜레스테롤혈증, 고혈압이 가장 위험한 조합으로 확인되었고 체질량 지수가 $25kg/m^2$이상인 사람에게서는 복부비만, 고지혈증, 고혈당의 조합이 가장 위험한 대사증후군 조합이었다.