• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제15권2호
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• pp.561-568
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• 2014

Background: The skin is the largest body organ that regulates excretion of metabolic waste products, temperature, and plays an important role in body protection against environmental physical and chemical, as well as biological factors. These include agents that may act as oxidants or catalysts of reactions producing reactive oxygen species (ROS), reactive nitrogen species (RNS), and other oxidants in skin cells. An increased amount of the oxidants, exceeding the antioxidant defense system capacity is called oxidative stress, leading to chronic inflammation, which, in turn, can cause collagen fragmentation and disorganization of collagen fibers and skin cell functions, and thus contribute to skin diseases including cancer. Moreover, research suggests that oxidative stress participates in all stages of carcinogenesis. We report here a summary of the present state of knowledge on the role of oxidative stress in pathogenesis of dermatologic diseases, defensive systems against ROS/RNS, and discuss how physical activity may modulate skin diseases through effects on oxidative stress. The data show duality of physical activity actions: regular moderate activity protects against ROS/RNS damage, and endurance exercise with a lack of training mediates oxidative stress. These findings indicate that the redox balance should be considered in the development of new antioxidant strategies linked to the prevention and therapy of skin diseases.

• IMMUNE NETWORK
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• 제6권4호
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• pp.169-178
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• 2006

Background: Adipose tissues were initially introduced as energy storages, but recently they have become famous as an endocrine organ which produces and secretes various kinds of molecules to make physiologic and metabolic changes in human body. It has been studied that these molecules are secreted in abundance as the adipose tissue becomes bigger along with obesity. Furthermore, it has been found that they are mediating systemic inflammation and generation of metabolic diseases such as type 2 diabetes and atherosclerosis. On the basis of these, we studied previous papers which have been researched about the interaction between preadipocytes and macrophages, adipose tissues and lymph nodes, and adipose tissue secreting molecules. Results: Firstly, preadipocytes and macrophages are expressing similar transcriptomes and proteins, and preadipocytes can be converted to mature macrophages which have phagocytic activity. Moreover, the monocytes, which initially located in the bone marrow, are filtrated to the adipose tissue by monocyte chemotatic protein-1 and are matured to macrophages by colony stimulating factor-1. Secondly, adipose tissues and their associated lymph nodes are interacting each other in terms of energy efficiency. Lymph nodes promote lipolysis in adipose tissues, and polyunsaturated fatty acids in adipocytes become energy sources for dendritic cells. Lastly, adipose tissues produce and secrete proinflammatory molecules such as leptin, adiponectin, TNF-${\alpha}$, IL-6, and acute phase proteins, which induce the inflammation and potentially generate metabolic diseases. Conclusion: According to these, we can link adipose tissues to inflammation, but we need to affirm the actual levels and roles of adipose tissue-derived proinflammatory molecules in human body.

• 동의생리병리학회지
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• 제22권4호
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• pp.718-724
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• 2008

In order to classify diseases of oriental medicine in liaison with International Classification of Diseases, there should be intermediation and sharing concepts between the two in addition to proper classification. Classification units were settled for differentiation of diseases or syndromes first. And second, the standard forms of disease classification system were proposed. Third, this classification system was made of serial groupings of syndrome under the traditional disease name. Fourth, the location of disease and the interrelation between different syndromes were depicted with diagram in order to define more clearly. As the results and conclusion, The classification units were composed of 2 categories; topology, organ, meridian, somatic structure, body fluid units for description and various regulatory unit terms of western and traditional medicine for explanation. The mixed classification model of western diseases and traditional syndromes(證) was adopted as a fundamental classification system containing disease by exterior pathogen, systemic internal diseases, psychoneuronal diseases, metabolic diseases, diseases of sense organs, supportive structure diseases, obstetric-gynecology diseases, child diseases, 4-type constitutional diseases. And those were differentiated with generalized, localized, functional, oncogenic, environmental features in detail. The cause, site, condition, dispositions must be expressed in each disease name too. The types of diagnosis using classification system are principal and final diagnosis, principal procedure, main conditions, and these are applied to this Korean classification system equally. For more clarification of differentiation, a plane topological map and three dimensional coordinates were proposed to manifest the location, features and relation of disease itself or each other.

• BMB Reports
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• 제49권2호
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• pp.111-115
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• 2016

Caffeine has been proposed to have several beneficial effects on obesity and its related metabolic diseases; however, how caffeine affects adipocyte differentiation has not been elucidated. In this study, we demonstrated that caffeine suppressed 3T3-L1 adipocyte differentiation and inhibited the expression of CCAAT/enhancer binding protein (C/EBP)α and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR)γ, two main adipogenic transcription factors. Anti-adipogenic markers, such as preadipocyte secreted factor (Pref)-1 and Krüppel-like factor 2, remained to be expressed in the presence of caffeine. Furthermore, 3T3-L1 cells failed to undergo typical mitotic clonal expansion in the presence of caffeine. Investigation of hormonal signaling revealed that caffeine inhibited the activation of AKT and glycogen synthase kinase (GSK) 3 in a dose-dependent manner, but not extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK). Our data show that caffeine is an anti-adipogenic bioactive compound involved in the modulation of mitotic clonal expansion during adipocyte differentiation through the AKT/GSK3 pathway.

• 대한유전성대사질환학회지
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• 제17권3호
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• pp.77-84
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• 2017

Purpose: From the early 1990's, use of Tandem mass spectrometry in neonatal screening test, made early stage detection of disorders that was not detectable by the previous methods of inspection. This research aims to evaluate the frequency of positive results in national neonatal screening test by Tandem mass spectrometry and its usefulness. Methods: A designated organization for inherited metabolic disorder executed neonatal screening test on newborns using Tandem mass spectrometry from January 2006 to December 2015, followed by the investigation of these data by the Planned Population Federation of Korea (PPFK), and this research analyzed those inspected data from the PPFK. Results: Among total childbirth of 4,590,606, from January 2006 to December 2015, 3,445,238 were selected for MS/MS and conduction rate was 75.1%. 261 out of the selected 3,445,238 were confirmed patients and for last decade, detection rate of total metabolic disorder was 1/13,205. In 261 confirmed patients, 120 had an amino acid metabolic disorder and its detection rate was 1/28,710 and 110 had an organic acid metabolic disorder and detection rate was 1/31,320. Also, 31 had a fatty acid metabolic disorder and detection rate was 1/13,205. Conclusion: Inherited metabolic disorder is very rare. Until now, it was difficult to precisely grasp an understanding on the national incidence of inherited metabolic disorder, due to lack of overall data and inconsistent and incomplete long-term result analysis. However, this research attempted to comprehensively approach the domestic incidence, by analyzing previous 10 years of data.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• 제71권6호
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• pp.417-424
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• 2011

Background: Recent evidences have revealed metabolic functions of p53 in cancer cells; adaptation or survival to metabolic stress and metabolic shift toward oxidative phosphorylation. However, further studies in clinical setting are needed. We investigated whether p53 protein expression, as a surrogate marker for loss of p53 function, is associated with metabolic features of stage I non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), focusing on tumor necrosis and maximal standardized uptake value (SUVmax) on $^{18}F$-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography. Methods: Clinical information was obtained from retrospective review of medical records. p53 expression was assessed by immunohistochemical staining. Results: p53 protein expression was detected in 112 (46%) of 241 NSCLC cases included in this study. p53 expression was independently associated with the presence of necrosis (odds ratio [OR], 2.316; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.215~4.416; p=0.011). Non-adenocarcinoma histology (OR, 8.049; 95% CI, 4.072~15.911; p<0.001) and poorly differentiation (OR, 6.474; 95% CI, 2.998~13.979; p<0.001) were also independently associated with the presence of necrosis. However, p53 expression was not a significant factor for SUVmax. Conclusion: p53 protein expression is independently associated with the presence of necrosis, but not SUVmax.

• 한국융합학회논문지
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• 제9권7호
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• pp.259-268
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• 2018

본 연구는 일부지역 건강검진 대상자들의 건강검진 자료를 토대로 대사증후군과 그 위험인자를 가진 성인에 있어서 치주질환을 효과적으로 예방할 수 있는 방법을 모색하기 위해 실시되었다. 연구대상자는 2014년 1월 1일부터 12월 31일까지 한국건강관리협회에서 건강검진을 받은 성인 9,902명을 대상으로 하였다. IBM SPSS 24.0 Ver을 이용하여 분석하였고, 유의수준은 0.05로 하였다. 그 결과, 대사증후군에 이환되어 있는 대상자들 중 치주질환 발병율에 가장 큰 영향을 미치는 요인은 정기적 구강검진(0.579), 구강용품사용유무(0.499), 구강보건교육 경험유무(0.358)이었으며, 치주질환의 교차비는 정기적 구강검진을 하지 않는 경우 1.79배, 구강관리용품을 사용하지 않는 경우 1.61배, 구강보건교육경험이 없는 경우 1.43배로 증가하였다(p<0.001). 결론적으로 대사증후군 대상자들에 있어서 치주질환 발병율이 높게 나타났으며, 치주질환을 예방하기 위해서는 정기검진, 구강관리용품 사용, 구강보건교육이 매우 중요함을 밝혔는데 의미가 있다고 생각한다.

• 대한한의학방제학회지
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• 제16권1호
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• pp.55-64
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• 2008

The span of life of human beings has lengthened because of medical progress and so on. Consequently, the old have begun to remark that quality of life (QOL) is as important as extension of the life expectancy. However, some diseases such as stroke, cancer induce decrease of QOL. In case of the stroke, it is followed by chronic headache and dementia as an aftereffect, causing serious decrease of QOL. Jodeungsan, traditional medicine, have been prescribed for headache and hypertension. Many clinical trials and laboratory experiments about pharmacological effects of Jodeungsan have been reported. Jodeungsan ameliorated chronic headache and improved recognitive deficit. Moreover, Jodeungsan lowered blood pressure in hypertensive condition which is one of a major cause of stroke. These effects of Jodeungsan on several diseases are partly attributed to antioxidant effect. This report reviews the pharmacological effect of Jodeungsan in the view of stroke-related diseases.

• Applied Microscopy
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• 제8권1호
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• pp.81-90
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• 1978

Introduction of electron microscope in biological and medical sciences change the concept of functional and morphologic unit of biological phenomena from the cell to subcellular unit, and it formulated the basis for molecular biology and pathology. Until recently, electron microscopy has mainly been applied to basic research works. However, practical clinical application of electron microscopy is being actively tried. The major clinical fields in which electron microscopy is helpful or even essential include viral diseases, metabolic diseases, glomerular diseases and in the identification of certain types of neoplasms. A brief introduction of characteristics of each conditions are made to encourage more active application of electron microscopy in clinical medicine.

• 대한의생명과학회지
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• 제18권1호
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• pp.76-78
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• 2012

MMP3 (Matrix metalloproteinase-3) is an important gene in the development of cardiovascular and metabolic diseases. It is also reported that the genotype of MMP3 could be a factor for disease conditions. So, SNP analysis is a prerequisite to study MMP3 related diseases. However, statistical data or analytical reports of this gene in the Korean population is not available. We have employed PCR and ARMS technique to amplify the position of Lys45Glu which is located within chromosome 11q22.3 and exon 2. Genomic DNA were extracted from 201 people. We found that, 17 individuals had the wild homozygote type (W/W, 8%), 98 individuals had the SNP homozygote type (S/S, 49%), 86 had the heterozygote type (W/S, 43%). This study should facilitate research on the cause of cardiovascular diseases due to polymorphisms in the MMP3 gene and to develop further therapy at the genetic level.