• Journal of the Korean housing association
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• v.14 no.4
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• pp.21-29
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• 2003

The purpose of this study is to investigate alteration situation and user demand through the case study, to analyze the problems of the user participatory design, and to propose the improvement direction of user participation in the apartment housing. The results of this study are as follows: 1) The method of participatory design using a questionary must be improved with other communication methods between suppliers and users to adapt to the demands of users. 2) The range of menu and the time of participation must be varied to select various materials, colors, types of the interior finish and floor plan freely according to users. 3) Users have the positive attitude about the menu-option method and want to other methods of participatory design like the flexible housing method.

• Communications for Statistical Applications and Methods
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.433-443
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• 2003

In this study, we provide a comparison of multivariate Q-techniques in the up-to-date versions of SAS, SPSS, Minitab and S-plus well known to those who study statistics. We can analyze data through the direct Input method(command) in SAS and use of menu method in SPSS, Minitab and S-plus. The analysis performance method is chosen by the high frequency of use. Widely we compare with each Q-techniques form according to input data, input option, statistical chart and statistical output.

• The Korean Journal of Applied Statistics
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.153-164
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• 2004

In this study, we compare multivariate R-techniques in the up-to-date versions of SAS, SPSS, Minitab and S-plus. The direct input method by typing in command is considered for SAS, while the menu-driven method is considered for SPSS, Minitab and S-plus. Comparison was made in terms of input data format, input option, charts and outputs.

• KSCE Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering Research
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• v.12 no.4
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• pp.157-165
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• 1992

IMS, a precision coordinate measuring system using theodolites, is being used to survey and align precision mechanical structures. Compared to conventional mechanical devices for precision measurement, such as CMM (Coordinate Measuring Machine), the target objects of IMS have little limitations in their sizes and shapes, and can be measured in place. Also since IMS displays the coordinate values in real-time, it is possible to perform measurement and alignment of the objects simultaneously. In this paper, the elements and functions of IMS are introduced and a mathematical model of the new software, which utilizes an altered version of the 'Bundle' adjustment algorithm of analytical photogrammetry for the specific use of IMS, is demonstrated. Differences of the mathematical model of IMS from that of analytical photogrammetry are discussed by following the steps of the 'Measurement' option in the 'Main Menu' of the software. A new IMS calibration method is proposed to calculate better first approximations for the 4 unknown theodolite parameters and the coordinates of target objects. The software provides the 'Bundle' procedure for the first approximations of the unknowns before the real-time measurement. It also provides an opportunity of 'bundling' to re-adjust the collected positional data at the end of the measurement.